四、總結(jié)存儲1.教師總結(jié)??v觀作者對阿長形象的刻畫,猶如一部連續(xù)劇。從“喜歡切切察察”,對“我”過分看管,到睡相粗俗;從“懂得許多規(guī)矩”,特別是“元旦的古怪儀式”,到給“我”講長毛的故事,再到“謀害”隱鼠,多側(cè)面多角度地展現(xiàn)出阿長的個性特點:粗俗好事,迷信無知,卻又樂天安命,簡單率性。直到阿長給“我”買來《山海經(jīng)》,先抑后揚的表達(dá)效果才充分顯現(xiàn),阿長純樸善良、仁厚慈愛的品格在前文的襯托下顯得格外閃光。而文章末尾,作者飽含深情地祝禱,將全文情感推向高潮。2.課外練筆。在你的童年生活中,有沒有像阿長這樣給你留下深刻印象的普通人?你怎樣看待他們的優(yōu)缺點?談一談你的想法和感受。(200字左右)【設(shè)計意圖】在學(xué)生對課文有了整體的認(rèn)知之后,教師總結(jié)提升。然后要求學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中普通人的閃光點,發(fā)現(xiàn)人性美,并進行課外練筆,有利于學(xué)生在實踐中鞏固技能,以讀促寫,讀寫結(jié)合,不僅可以加深對課文內(nèi)容的理解,還能鍛煉學(xué)生的寫作能力。
2.為了表現(xiàn)出我國航母艦載戰(zhàn)斗機首架次成功著艦時驚心動魄的氣勢,表現(xiàn)出艦載機成功著艦后國人的喜悅,作者在語言上也下了一番功夫,請你結(jié)合課文做具體分析。明確:(1)運用修辭手法,描繪著艦場面?!奥暼缜T疾,氣卷萬山來。”運用對偶、夸張和比喻的修辭手法,增強文章氣勢,生動形象地表現(xiàn)了艦載機著艦時的浩大聲勢,具有感染力。(2)運用細(xì)節(jié)描寫,生動形象地描繪出艦載機著艦的情形。如“震耳欲聾”“轟鳴”描繪出艦載機著艦時巨大的聲音,“眨眼之間”“剎那間”“疾如閃電”等詞描繪出艦載機著艦時的震撼場面。“牢牢地”“穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地”生動地寫出了我國艦載機著艦技術(shù)的成熟和飛行員操作技能的嫻熟。“定格了一個象征勝利的巨大‘V’字”的特寫鏡頭,既是對當(dāng)時情景的生動再現(xiàn),也表現(xiàn)了作者對我國航母艦載戰(zhàn)斗機首架次成功著艦的喜悅和自豪。
2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)新課程理念,根據(jù)單元要求與課文教材特點,我確定以下三大目標(biāo):⑴知識目標(biāo):掌握重點字詞,了解、把握課文內(nèi)容、品味語言。⑵能力目標(biāo):學(xué)會小組自主合作探究,學(xué)會分析散文與語段、語言的方法。⑶情感目標(biāo):體會童年生活的情趣,關(guān)注自身的生活與成長,同時增加學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語文的興趣,全面提高學(xué)生語文綜合素養(yǎng)。3、教學(xué)重難點:本課是學(xué)生本學(xué)期的第一篇課文,也是本冊、本單元的的第一篇課文。在上學(xué)期的語文學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)單元語課文特點,因此要把指導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成語文學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣與掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法作為本課教學(xué)重點。從理解課文方面看,難點在于讓學(xué)生理解作者是怎樣將美好的童年生活內(nèi)容與情趣表現(xiàn)出來的,所以要將此點作為難點來突破。由此可見,兩者相輔相成,互相滲透,而利用課件為學(xué)生提供形象生動的畫面與針對性的探討,創(chuàng)設(shè)情境加強對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)方法的指導(dǎo)與學(xué)生主體自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作探討是突破本課教學(xué)重難點的關(guān)鍵。
一、說教材《赫爾墨斯和雕像者》選自人教版七年級上冊第六單元《寓言四則》中的第一則寓言,本單元主要是一些有趣的故事,通過故事揭示道理。學(xué)情分析:學(xué)生在小學(xué)已經(jīng)學(xué)過一些寓言故事的基礎(chǔ)上,能夠聯(lián)系自己的生活體驗積極思考和表達(dá)自己的觀點。(根據(jù)新課標(biāo)要求、寓言的特征和學(xué)生的實際情況)二、說教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識與能力目標(biāo):了解寓言以及《伊索寓言》的知識;過程與方法目標(biāo):品味描寫人物心理變化等細(xì)節(jié)描寫,分析赫爾墨斯的性格特征;情感態(tài)度與價值觀目標(biāo):正確理解寓意,樹立正確的人生處事態(tài)度。三、說重難點(本單元要求:學(xué)習(xí)《伊索寓言》時重在讓學(xué)生揣摩人物的語言、表情。)重點:揣摩人物的心理變化等細(xì)節(jié)描寫。難點:多元理解寓意,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)散思維。
所需要用到的句子:Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 設(shè)計理想中的人類Step one: 設(shè)計理想中的人類的外貌。把全班同學(xué)分成若干小組,學(xué)生可以邊說邊在紙上畫出他們的模樣。Step two: 設(shè)計理想中人類的性格。學(xué)生們可以把那些能描述性格的單詞寫在圖畫的旁邊。Step three: 每組選出一名同學(xué),其他同組同學(xué)提問,他作簡單回答,并說明原因。所需用到的句子:What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑戰(zhàn)性活動調(diào)查性格是天生的還是后天形成的,讓每個同學(xué)回家去調(diào)查一下自己成長過程中性格是否有變化,具體是怎樣的,為什么會這樣? Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書,教讀)教師把這些句子板書在黑板上,并請學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對學(xué)生說:These are our school rules. (板書,教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書,教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖,完成1a的內(nèi)容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽錄音,完成1b,選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽之前,學(xué)生要讀會英文名。c. 請兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學(xué)生兩人一組對話表演,SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學(xué)生可經(jīng)過討論,多說出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書上;教師應(yīng)給予幫助)2) 第二課時(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽第一遍時,完成2a;第二遍時,完成2b;b. 請學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動的要求;分成小組針對2a進行問答;
三、教學(xué)建議第一課時:1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思:新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。同時讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知知識,實現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點評:采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式,在各個活動中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機會,從而產(chǎn)生對英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知識,實現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。
2.1Match the country with the language.Step II Reading3a? let the students read the letter fast and answer the questions.? Let the students ask more questions about the letter as possible as the can.Step III Writing3b.Step IV. Pairwork2cStep V Listening2a, 2bStep V. HomeworkExercises book(1) P3Exercises book (2) P3Period FourStep I . Dictate the words and sentences in Unit1.Step II. Self-checkStep III. Check the answers for Exercises book in the unit.Step IV. Home workRevise and preparation for unit 2.教學(xué)反思:通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生基本可以談?wù)撊藗兊膰?,居住城市及其所說的語言,通過書信方式去介紹自己并尋找筆友。但在涉及到國外的一些城市時,學(xué)生對這方面的知識相對欠缺,能介紹的城市并不多,也反應(yīng)出學(xué)生課前預(yù)習(xí)不充分,這跟學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)條件也有關(guān),大多數(shù)學(xué)生無法通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取所需信息。因此,在以后的教學(xué)中要多指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息,拓寬知識面。
五、教學(xué)Section B-2c1. Pair work: What do you think of the belt/sunglasses/…? What does your father/mother/… think of your scarf/belt…?2. Group work(1). Teacher shows some different kinds of school uniforms (制服)and asks : “ What do you think of your school uniforms? If you have a chance to choose your school uniforms, what kind would you like to choose?”(2). Discuss in groups.(3).Get some Ss to report in class.說明:這一步旨在讓學(xué)生運用已有的語言知識談?wù)搶κ挛锏目捶ê鸵庖姡⒑唵侮U明理由,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的主動思維能力和運用英語的能力。六、教學(xué)拓展調(diào)查電視節(jié)目的收視率任務(wù):調(diào)查你周圍的人對現(xiàn)在各種電視節(jié)目的反響。活動過程:1.教師布置任務(wù),讓學(xué)生調(diào)查周圍的人(包括他的親戚朋友和鄰居)喜歡收看哪方面的電視節(jié)目。2.學(xué)生進行調(diào)查活動,運用本單元所學(xué)的句型What do you think of….? (Why?)What's your favorite game shows?What do you think of talk show?I doesn’t mind it.I like it.I love it.I can’t stand it.3.記錄下排在前10位的TV Program,填寫調(diào)查表,比較其收視率。
單元整體說明(一)單元教材分析本單元的核心話題是描述動物和表達(dá)個人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動物,表達(dá)個人喜好。(二)單元知識結(jié)構(gòu)1.詞匯動物名稱 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.國家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)單元整體目標(biāo)1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)單元教學(xué)重難點一覽(五)單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句句型,具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望,這有利于本單元知識的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時間 教師活動 學(xué)生活動 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時教師用漢語問:“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學(xué)習(xí))
教學(xué)過程Step 1: warming-up Sing a song---------“food and drink” Step 2: Revision1 Dictation2 Revise: What kind of noodles would you like?I’d like …What size bowl of noodles would you like?I’d like…Step 3: Presentation1 show pictures of food, ask students say the words.2 Students read the newspaper ad in 3a. Fill in blanks with words in the box. Then read the ad together, the teacher explains some difficult language points.3 Check the answers Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish 3b in the same way according to 3a. Students read the short passage and fill in the blanks .At last, check the answers.Step 5 productionAsk students to write their own ad for dumplings, noodles, drinks, and other foods they know. Then ask students to read their partner’s ad. Then order food and drink from their partner.Step 6 Home workGroup work – make an ad about “food and drink”
句型: Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.Did she go to Central Park?Yes,she did.No, she didn’t語法:一般過去時特殊疑問句、一般疑問句及肯、否定回答。課時安排4課時第一課時:Section A:la,1b,lc,2a,2b,2c 第二課時:Section A:3a,3b,4第三課時:Section B:1,2a,2b,2c第四課時:Section B:3a,3b,3c,4 and Self Check第一課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握描寫假期生活的形容詞。假期里自己所做事情的簡單表達(dá)。談?wù)摷倨谧龅氖虑榧爱?dāng)時情況。談?wù)摷倨跁r旅游的天氣,旅游者以及食物等。教學(xué)過程一、導(dǎo)入播放一首英文歌曲:Let’s travel 說明:通過讓學(xué)生聽節(jié)奏歡快迪斯尼英語歌曲Let’s travel.引入本節(jié)課談?wù)摰脑掝}vacation and travel. 讓歌曲使學(xué)生的思維活躍,增強課堂氣氛,激發(fā)學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。T:How is the trip ?Ss : It’s pretty good/ happy/exciting /relaxing/busy/dangerous/ fantastic說明:這個問題是為了操練形容詞。建議讓多個Ss作答。鼓勵他們用不同的形容詞。上述個別形容詞本應(yīng)在第二課時中出現(xiàn),但可以在warming-up中第一次非正式出現(xiàn)。這些形容詞也可在老師的評價語中適時出現(xiàn),以加深學(xué)生對詞匯的印象。
一、復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)入1、口答:最大的一位數(shù)是幾?最小的兩位數(shù)是多少?這兩個數(shù)相差多少?2、數(shù)數(shù):10個10個地數(shù),從10數(shù)到100; 1個1個地數(shù),從91數(shù)到99; 問:99加1是多少?3、導(dǎo)入:你會從100開始接著往后數(shù)嗎?今天開始我們將要學(xué)習(xí)更大的數(shù),下面請你們觀察這幅圖。二、講授新課1、出示主題圖。(1)觀察這幅圖,說一說畫面上正在發(fā)生什么事情?(2)看著畫面你想知道什么問題?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生估算畫面上的體育館大約能坐多少人?2、板書課題:1000以內(nèi)數(shù)的認(rèn)識。3、教學(xué)例1。(1)數(shù)一數(shù)。每人數(shù)出10個小方塊,說說你是怎么數(shù)的?板書:一個一個地數(shù),10個一是十。
一個不透明的袋子中裝有5個黑球和3個白球,這些球的大小、質(zhì)地完全相同,隨機從袋子中摸出4個球,則下列事件是必然事件的是( )A.摸出的4個球中至少有一個是白球B.摸出的4個球中至少有一個是黑球C.摸出的4個球中至少有兩個是黑球D.摸出的4個球中至少有兩個是白球解析:∵袋子中只有3個白球,而有5個黑球,∴摸出的4個球可能都是黑球,因此選項A是不確定事件;摸出的4個球可能都是黑球,也可以3黑1白、2黑2白、1黑3白,不管哪種情況,至少有一個球是黑球,∴選項B是必然事件;摸出的4個球可能為1黑3白,∴選項C是不確定事件;摸出的4個球可能都是黑球或1白3黑,∴選項D是不確定事件.故選B.方法總結(jié):事件類型的判斷首先要判斷該事件發(fā)生與否是不是確定的.若是確定的,再判斷其是必然發(fā)生的(必然事件),還是必然不發(fā)生的(不可能事件).若是不確定的,則該事件是不確定事件.
【類型一】 逆用積的乘方進行簡便運算計算:(23)2014×(32)2015.解析:將(32)2015轉(zhuǎn)化為(32)2014×32,再逆用積的乘方公式進行計算.解:原式=(23)2014×(32)2014×32=(23×32)2014×32=32.方法總結(jié):對公式an·bn=(ab)n要靈活運用,對于不符合公式的形式,要通過恒等變形轉(zhuǎn)化為公式的形式,運用此公式可進行簡便運算.【類型二】 逆用積的乘方比較數(shù)的大小試比較大?。?13×310與210×312.解:∵213×310=23×(2×3)10,210×312=32×(2×3)10,又∵23<32,∴213×310<210×312.方法總結(jié):利用積的乘方,轉(zhuǎn)化成同底數(shù)的同指數(shù)冪是解答此類問題的關(guān)鍵.三、板書設(shè)計1.積的乘方法則:積的乘方等于各因式乘方的積.即(ab)n=anbn(n是正整數(shù)).2.積的乘方的運用在本節(jié)的教學(xué)過程中教師可以采用與前面相同的方式展開教學(xué).教師在講解積的乘方公式的應(yīng)用時,再補充講解積的乘方公式的逆運算:an·bn=(ab)n,同時教師為了提高學(xué)生的運算速度和應(yīng)用能力,也可以補充講解:當(dāng)n為奇數(shù)時,(-a)n=-an(n為正整數(shù));當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時,(-a)n=an(n為正整數(shù))
方法總結(jié):本題考查了冪的乘方的逆用及同底數(shù)冪的乘法,整體代入求解也比較關(guān)鍵.【類型三】 逆用冪的乘方結(jié)合方程思想求值已知221=8y+1,9y=3x-9,則代數(shù)式13x+12y的值為________.解析:由221=8y+1,9y=3x-9得221=23(y+1),32y=3x-9,則21=3(y+1),2y=x-9,解得x=21,y=6,故代數(shù)式13x+12y=7+3=10.故答案為10.方法總結(jié):根據(jù)冪的乘方的逆運算進行轉(zhuǎn)化得到x和y的方程組,求出x、y,再計算代數(shù)式.三、板書設(shè)計1.冪的乘方法則:冪的乘方,底數(shù)不變,指數(shù)相乘.即(am)n=amn(m,n都是正整數(shù)).2.冪的乘方的運用冪的乘方公式的探究方式和前節(jié)類似,因此在教學(xué)中可以利用該優(yōu)勢展開教學(xué),在探究過程中可以進一步發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主動性,盡可能地讓學(xué)生在已有知識的基礎(chǔ)上,通過自主探究,獲得冪的乘方運算的感性認(rèn)識,進而理解運算法則
解析:(1)根據(jù)表中信息,用優(yōu)等品頻數(shù)m除以抽取的籃球數(shù)n即可;(2)根據(jù)表中數(shù)據(jù),優(yōu)等品頻率為0.94,0.95,0.93,0.94,0.94,穩(wěn)定在0.94左右,即可估計這批籃球優(yōu)等品的概率.解:(1)570600=0.95,744800=0.93,9401000=0.94,11281200=0.94,故表中依次填0.95,0.93,0.94,0.94; (2)這批籃球優(yōu)等品的概率估計值是0.94.三、板書設(shè)計1.頻率及其穩(wěn)定性:在大量重復(fù)試驗的情況下,事件的頻率會呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定性,即頻率會在一個常數(shù)附近擺動.隨著試驗次數(shù)的增加,擺動的幅度有越來越小的趨勢.2.用頻率估計概率:一般地,在大量重復(fù)實驗下,隨機事件A發(fā)生的頻率會穩(wěn)定到某一個常數(shù)p,于是,我們用p這個常數(shù)表示隨機事件A發(fā)生的概率,即P(A)=p.教學(xué)過程中,學(xué)生通過對比頻率與概率的區(qū)別,體會到兩者間的聯(lián)系,從而運用其解決實際生活中遇到的問題,使學(xué)生感受到數(shù)學(xué)與生活的緊密聯(lián)系