1.國家石油價格上漲,導致依賴于國際石油而建立起來的日本重化工業(yè)的制造成本提高,產品價格相應提高,削弱了日本重化工產品在國際市場上的競爭力。2.日元 的大幅度升值,意味著日本產品在國際市場上的價格大幅度提高。例如,同樣的日本產品,如果原來在國際市場上賣1美元,日元升值1倍后其在國際市場上的售價就達2美元。所以,以國際市場為依托的日本傳統(tǒng)產業(yè)只好紛紛向海外轉移。3.自身市場滿足不了發(fā)展需求,國際市場上亞洲發(fā)展中國家和地區(qū)的同類產品具有明顯的價格優(yōu)勢。所以,日本企業(yè)在其國內發(fā)展的空間很小。4.勞動力價格高反映為產品的價格高,而勞動力數量又滿足 不了企業(yè)進一步擴展對勞動力的需求。所以,日本從事傳統(tǒng)產業(yè)的國內企業(yè)生產受勞動力價格和數量的雙重制約。5.促進日本企業(yè)生產的區(qū)位選擇向國土的南、北部和海外擴展。6.“技術立國”的政策明顯對傳統(tǒng)產業(yè)在國內生產不利,即企業(yè)生產要么向知識技術密集型轉換(這需要大量的投資),要么轉向海外。
1.薩赫勒地區(qū)位于撤哈拉沙漠的南緣。請根據下面的圖文資料,并聯系已學知識,分析薩赫勒地區(qū)的氣候等自然特征,并說明荒漠化的潛在自然因素。點撥:資料表明薩林勒地區(qū)正處于干旱與半干旱、熱帶沙漠與熱帶草原的過渡地帶;津德爾是其中有代表性的居民點,其月均溫都在22℃以上,甚至達到33℃,可想而知其蒸發(fā)量是巨大的。在降水方面,這里的年降水量不足500毫米,且基本集中在夏季,特別是7、8兩個月。以其有限的而且特別集中的降水狀況與其全年的高溫、高蒸發(fā)量相比,確實是個容易產生環(huán)境問題的敏感地區(qū)??陀^上,這里就潛在著荒漠化的自然因素,這是本地區(qū)的地理位置和當地的水熱條件所決定的。2.氣候的嚴酷性決定了薩赫勒地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)經濟以自給性質的游牧業(yè)為主。20世紀以來,隨著沿岸國家人口和經濟的發(fā)展及本區(qū)交通條件的改善,這里的傳統(tǒng)游牧經濟向商品性的定居牧業(yè)經濟轉化。
知識和技能 1、 了解區(qū)域工業(yè)化和城市化之間的關系,以及它們對區(qū)域社會經濟發(fā)展所起的作用 。2、分析導致珠江三角洲工業(yè)化和城市化快速推進的諸多思想束縛,并通過比較,認識到對外開放政策是其中的關鍵因素。3、 比較珠江三角 洲的 區(qū)工業(yè)化進程的兩個主要階段,歸納出不同時期的主要發(fā)展特點,并能夠結合具體案例分析工業(yè)化進程對城市化的巨大推動。 4、分析珠江三角洲地區(qū)工業(yè)化和城市化進程中的問題,并嘗試評價目前的一些調整措施和發(fā)展方向。5、通過分析我國珠江三角 洲地區(qū)工 業(yè)化、城市化的發(fā)展階段、問題與對策,了解區(qū)域工業(yè)化和城市化的推進動力和發(fā)展規(guī)律。過程與方法 利用扮演不同的社會角色來談對珠江三角洲地區(qū)未來經濟和城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的設想和建議,反饋學生知識、能力、價值觀發(fā)展情況和效果, 培養(yǎng)學生對所學所得的運用能力,并為學生的創(chuàng)新精神的發(fā) 展營造有利氛圍。情感、態(tài)度與價值觀1、通過鼓勵學生主動獲 取資料的做法,關注學生實踐能力、綜合思維能力及終身學習能力的訓練。
2.由于附近金礦生產廢棄物尾礦砂的堆積,孫家村的大溝里十幾年來就吃掉了近百畝土地,使人均耕地下降到0.03公頃。村里和礦上共同商量,共同開發(fā)復墾,由礦上出錢,村里出勞力、機械,運來“客土”覆蓋到尾礦填平的溝壑上,形成耕地。十年來,通過這種方式恢復耕地15.335公頃,不僅解決了尾礦污染問題,而且村里耕地由25公頃多增加到40公頃。【思考】分析以上兩個例子,哪一個體現了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則,為什么?【分析】第二個材料體現了可持續(xù)發(fā)展。因為材料1用農田堆放垃圾會破壞土地肥力,影響農業(yè)生產,又污染環(huán)境,危害村民健康。這種行為目光短淺,只顧眼前利益,沒有考慮長遠發(fā)展。材料2既解決了尾礦污染問題,又增加了耕地面積,耕地是可再生資源,利用得當,可為村民提供農產品,解決溫飽同時創(chuàng)造經濟效益,達到良性循環(huán)。所以說保護環(huán)境就是挽救人類,我們要將這種意識轉化為自身行為,使人地關系走向和諧。
【教學目標】 1.理解人口數量在社會的發(fā)展過程中的變化趨勢,并能一一解釋其原因;2.理解發(fā)達國家和發(fā)展中國家人口增長的差異和成因,并理解不同國家有不同的人口政策;3.運用圖表分析世界人口增長模式的特點,并比較人口增長模式的時間和空間的差異;4.通過學習,能讀懂并分析人口增長坐標圖;同時能辯證地認識人口增長的不同狀況采取的人口政策也不同?!窘虒W重、難點及解決辦法] 】重點:分析并比較人口增長模式在時間和空間上的差異難點:理解人口增長模式的三個指標解決方法:讀圖分析比較法 調查研究法 案例分析法 自主學習與合作探究 【教學準備】多媒體課件缺勤登記:【板書設計】第一節(jié)人口數量的變化第一節(jié) 人口數量的變化一、人口的自然增長(一)人口在數量變化在時間上是不均勻的(二)世界人口增長在空間上的差異——不均衡二、人口的增長模式及其轉變
(1)請同學們結合日常生活實例和教材分析說明人類要在世界各地消除貧困并保持人口的合理容量任務的艱巨性?(2)采取何種措施才能更好的解決這一問題的出現?教師總結(1)現實中的人口問題(如人口過快增長、人口城市化和人口老齡化等)引發(fā)了嚴重的資源問題和環(huán)境問題。①發(fā)達國家的人均消耗資源量很大,索取資源和轉嫁有害生產的地域超出了本國的范圍。②發(fā)展中國家不僅人口數量多,人均消費水平低,而且一些國家的人口仍在快速增長。若在現有的經濟基礎上,把發(fā)展中國家人均生活質量提高到與發(fā)達國家相當的水平,所引發(fā)的資源短缺和環(huán)境問題將會相當嚴重,解決的難度也很大。(2)I就整個世界來說:①國際社會要倡導各國,尤其發(fā)展中國家要盡最大可能把人口控制在合理的規(guī)模之內;②建立公平的秩序,保證大多數人擁有不斷追求高水平生活質量的平等權利。
影響我國古代人口大規(guī)模遷移的因素,與影響我國近幾十年人口遷移的因素有何不同?(古代:戰(zhàn)亂,其次為開疆拓土、流放、戍邊等?,F代:國家政策、社會變革、經濟發(fā)展、個人需求等。)2、為什么有這樣的不同?(古代人口遷移受統(tǒng)治者及其行政力量的束縛。由于自給自足的經濟十分脆弱,加之頻繁的戰(zhàn)爭以及自然災害等影響,人民難以安居樂業(yè),不得不背井離鄉(xiāng)大批遷移。近幾十年來隨著社會經濟的發(fā)展、貿易的往來和交通的便捷,我國人口遷移不僅數量增加,而且頻率加快,使各地人們的交往更加密切。)教師總結:從古今中外的人口遷移現象中,我們可以看出在人類歷史早期人口遷移中重要的因素是什么?(自然因素)現在什么因素起重要作用?(經濟因素)。但是在某種特定的時空條件下,任何一種因素都有可能成為促使人口遷移的決定性因素?!咀鳂I(yè)設計】查閱49年以來中國歷年的人口數據資料,繪制人口增長的統(tǒng)計圖表,探究中國人口增長的發(fā)展趨勢
【點津】 1.不定式的復合結構作目的狀語 ,當不定式或不定式短語有自己的執(zhí)行者時,要用不定式的復合結構?即在不定式或不定式短語之前加 for +名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進來。目的狀語從句與不定式的轉換 英語中的目的狀語從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z作狀語,從而使句子在結構上得以簡化??煞譃閮煞N情況: 1?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時,可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時,要用動詞不定式的復合結構作狀語。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學生們將在學校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學年開學在即。(7)一般現在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復合句中的作用是什么? 關系詞有哪些?定語從句在復合句中的作用相當于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯系作用,同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:溫故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1.(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system.2.(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack,...3.(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge).Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:過去分詞作定語時的意義1.及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,在語態(tài)上表示被動;在時間上,常表示動作已經發(fā)生或完成,有時也不表示時間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last.我們的老師看著我們做實驗,最后給了我們一個滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2.不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,它不表示被動意義,只強調動作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.
Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導的定語從句代指前面整句話的內容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀,愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會發(fā)現歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
這個地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學既練:為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化,欣賞中國美麗的自然風光,感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州,內容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數80左右;2.可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語法要點精析。用法1:過去分詞作表語1).過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時,強調主語所處的狀態(tài);而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,強調動作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現在關閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺類及物動詞的現在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1:What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process