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云南省昆明市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
材料一11世紀中期，印刷技術出現了重大突破，平民畢昇經過反復實驗，發(fā)明了活字印刷術，畢昇的這一發(fā)明，是印刷史上的重大事件，對文明的傳播、交流和發(fā)展，產生了深遠影響。﹣摘自中華書局版《中國歷史》（七年級下冊）（1）根據材料一，指出印刷技術出現重大突破的標志是什么？這一重大突破產生了怎樣的影響？材料二19世紀下半期，科學技術的突破，帶來了社會生產力的極大發(fā)展和人們物質生活水平的提高。與此同時，科學技術的成果和巨大的生產力也被應用于軍事領域、潛艇、飛機、坦克等新式武器的相繼問世，使戰(zhàn)爭擴展到海底和空中；電報、電話和無線電等新的通訊工具的出現，使戰(zhàn)爭可以在更大范圍展開，科學技術的成果這一人類智慧的結晶被用于軍事，預示著未來的戰(zhàn)爭更加殘酷。﹣摘自岳麓書社《20世紀的戰(zhàn)爭與和平》（2）材料二中“19世紀下半期，科學技術的突破”被稱為什么？科學技術成果的應用，對未來戰(zhàn)爭產生了怎樣的影響？
山東省青島市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
21世紀是世界公認的海洋世紀．當我們沿著歷史的軌跡追尋國家興衰之道時，深深感到海洋對一個民族、國家的盛衰榮辱起著至關重要的作用．材料一宋朝，對外貿易量遠遠超過以往任何時候．當然，對外貿易迅速發(fā)展的基礎，是中國前所未有的經濟生產率．航海技術的改進﹣﹣其中包括指南針、帶有可調中心垂直升降板的平底船，以及代替竹帆的布帆的使用，也很重要…因而，宋朝時的中國正朝成為一個海上強國的方向發(fā)展．﹣﹣（美）斯塔夫里阿諾斯《全球通史》材料二則哥倫布以后，有無數之哥倫布，繼達?伽馬之后，有無數之達?伽馬．我則鄭和之后，竟無第二之鄭和，噫嘻！豈是鄭君之罪也！﹣﹣梁啟超《祖國大航海家鄭和傳》材料三東?。ㄉ綎|?。┬蝿荩酝?、膠州為要口，于海軍屯泊尤宜．乃甲午一役，威海水陸之防，既毀于日本，而德因教案，曾以大隊鐵艦奪踞膠州灣，辟商埠，開鐵路，浸窺腹地．東省海防，遂無所藉手（借助，憑借）云．﹣﹣《清史稿》
山東省煙臺市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
26．（15分）（2016?煙臺）科學技術的進步對社會的發(fā)展有著重要的影響．閱讀材料完成下列要求． 材料一 宋元時期，是我國古代發(fā)展的高峰時期，這一時期的科技，是在隋唐經濟高度繁榮基礎上的延續(xù)．宋朝結束了五代十國以來長期分裂割據和混戰(zhàn)的局面．那時經濟發(fā)展，城市繁榮，航海和對外貿易空前活躍，元朝實現了全國性的統(tǒng)一，中外經濟文化交流頻繁．兩大因素的結合，使宋元文化突飛猛進，涌現出一批著名的科學家和文學家、藝術家，反映了那個時期我國科學技術在世界上的領先地位．﹣《宋元時期的科技成就》（1）根據材料概括宋元時期科技發(fā)展的原因，結合所學指出宋元時期在四大發(fā)明方面的成就．
山東省濰坊市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
材料一 孟子認為“大丈夫”是人生的最高目標，從理想人格的意義講，孟子所謂的“大丈夫”具備四種重要的德行，“惻隱之心，人之端也；羞惡之心，又之端也；禪讓之心，禮之端也，是非之心，智之端也．|”全力發(fā)展此“四端”，便會成為具有浩然之氣的“大丈夫”．-----摘編自《中國通史》（1）材料一中，孟子認為“大丈夫”應具備怎樣的道德規(guī)范？結合所學知識，簡述孟子的政治理想．材料二 一位阿拉伯商人記述：兩宋時期，信用券被廣泛應用，富裕商人率先使用印制的紙幣，極大地便利了商品的交換．中國商人把錢借給別人時會寫下借條，借債人則在紙條上用食指和中指畫押．他們主張以信接物，以義為利，市不二價，童叟無欺，不賣假貨，不賺黑錢，不會乘人之危而半利．---摘編自《新全球史》（2）據材料二，概括指出宋代商人具有怎樣的優(yōu)秀品質？結合所學知識，概述宋代商業(yè)繁榮的主要表現．
四川省成都市2016年中考歷史真題試題（含解析）
材料二 20世紀80年代初，大陸的統(tǒng)一觀已經有了創(chuàng)新性的發(fā)展，不完全要求絕對的“政治上的服從”和制度上的一致，首創(chuàng)了一個國家中允許存在不同社會制度的理論。這一理論在香港和澳門獲得了成功的實踐。——據許士鈴《國家統(tǒng)一是中華民族歷史形成的國家觀》⑵材料二中，大陸首創(chuàng)的“一個國家中允許存在不同社會制度的理論”是指什么（2分）分析這一理論提出的依據(2分）。
湖南省張家界市2019年中考語文真題試題（含解析）
讀書不能死章句，需要思考一個“活”字。李白在《嘲魯儒》中說：“魯叟談五經，白發(fā)死章句。問以經濟策，茫如墜煙霧。”詩人對那些夸夸其談而沒有真才實學的“魯叟”進行了辛辣的嘲諷。這些人談起五經頭頭是道，問起經世濟民之策卻茫然無知。他們拿腔拿調，架子十足，卻死于章句，不知時變。陸游《冬夜讀書示子聿》中的觀點，則更加值得那些“魯叟”們深思。他說“紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行”，言詞樸素，滿含哲理，詩中提出的理論與實踐相結合的觀點，至今猶有現實意義。只有在實踐中才能得真知、悟真諦，真正學有所獲，學有所用。
2022年安徽省中考英語真題（原卷版）
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
2022年吉林省中考英語真題（原卷版）
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
2022年海南省中考英語真題（原卷版）
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
2022年河南省中考英語真題（原卷版）
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
2022年河北省中考英語真題（原卷版）
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北極）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.
2022年福建省中考英語真題（原卷版）
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
2022年北京市中考英語真題（原卷版）
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣賞) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
2022年山東省濱州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
As thegovernment encourages the renaissance (復興) of traditional culture,Hanfu is getting more and more popular with the teenagers. Every year, we canenjoy different Hanfu shows around the cities. And now quite a few Hanfu clubshave been set up in universities. Members usually wear Hanfu at theirgraduation ceremonies or during holidays. Some even wear Hanfu on regular days,too. And these fans created a special day—China Haniu Day to celebratetraditional Chinese clothing. It falls on the third day of the third month inChinese lunar calendar (陰歷).
2022年江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市中考英語真題（原卷版）
The fantasticman-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in localflowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get theirenergy from the sun often light up the city.
2022年江蘇省宿遷市中考英語真題 （原卷版）
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工藝品）.It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed（鋼骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts（裝飾性工藝品）.
2022年江蘇省連云港市中考英語真題（原卷版）
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly’sfather wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad anddidn’t agree. She moved into the old tree house which was her favourite place in the world.One day, it rained all night.
2022年江蘇省蘇州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery alongthe way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we racethrough this beautiful land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）fromyour window.
2022年江蘇省揚州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
Every month, Julia and her cousins would go forthe big family meal at their grandparents’ house. On each visit, their grandpawould give them a few coins. Then all the children would run off to buy sweets.One day, he gathered the children together.
2022年江蘇省常州市中考英語真題（原卷版）
At 9 a.m. , he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi’an, ShaanxiProvince, to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban. It is a traditional Chineseform of storytelling to the rhythm(節(jié)奏) of bamboo clappers(響板), whichthe art form is named after. Sometimes, he helps students prepare forcompetitions. Usually, his classes run until about 6. p.m. , and then hereturns home to prepare classes for the next day.