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人教版高中政治必修2人民代表大會：國家權力機關教案
人民代表的權力：除審議各項議案、表決各項決定外，還享有提案權和質(zhì)詢權。提案權是指人民代表有權依照法律規(guī)定的程序，向人民代表大會提出議案的權力。質(zhì)詢權是指人民代表有權依照法律規(guī)定的程序，對政府等機關的工作提出質(zhì)問并要求回答的權力。2、堅持科學民主決策教師活動：請同學們閱讀教材57頁“三鏡頭”，并思考、討論所提問題。學生活動：閱讀課本，認真思考并積極討論。教師點評：鏡頭一反映人大代表行使審議權、表決權；鏡頭二反映人大代表行使提案權；鏡頭三反映人大代表行使監(jiān)督權。人民代表代表人民認真行使自己的職權，有利于維護人民利益，改進國家機關的工作。（三）課堂總結(jié)、點評本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要講述了我國人民代表大會的有關知識，通過對人民代表大會的性質(zhì)、組成、職權等內(nèi)容的理解與把握，進一步感受我們的國家是人民當家作主的國家，是為人民服務的。
人教版高中政治必修2人民代表大會：國家權力機關教案
一、教材分析隨著我國民主政治不斷發(fā)展，人民對行使民主權利的意識不斷增強，人民越來越關注自己權利的實現(xiàn)。人民代表大會是人民行使國家權力的機關，對人民代表大會的地位，構(gòu)成，人民如何行使自己的權利的，本框體給予了詳細的闡述，同時也為下一框體的學習奠定了基礎。二、教學目標:(一)、知識目標1、知道人民代表大會是我國的國家權力機關，人民代表大會的主要職權。2、了解人民代表的法律地位、權利和義務。(二)、能力目標提高運用馬克思主義立場、觀點、方法分析政治生活的能力。增強收集材料的能力，能夠從報刊、書籍等渠道查閱收集有關人民代表大會制度有關資料用于學習。(三)、情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標感悟人民代表大會制度的優(yōu)越性,實例為完善和鞏固人民代表大會制度而努力的觀念。
人教版高中歷史必修2第二次工業(yè)革命教案2篇
請回答：根據(jù)上述材料，概述第二次工業(yè)革命興起的主要原因。〖參考答案〗①政治上，資本主義制度在世界范圍內(nèi)的確立，為第二次工業(yè)革命提供了政權保障。②市場上，世界市場進一步拓展，推動生產(chǎn)進步發(fā)展。③科技上，19世紀自然科學的飛速發(fā)展與重大突破。④勞動力上，擁有更多、素質(zhì)更好的自由勞動力。⑤經(jīng)濟上，擁有更加雄厚的資本。探索攻關二：第二次工業(yè)革命與壟斷組織的出現(xiàn)的關系材料一第二次工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生的新興工業(yè)部門，在廠房、設備、技術要求和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜性等方面，都對生產(chǎn)組織提出了新的要求。這是過去的獨家企業(yè)無法滿足的，而且一般沒有足夠的資金?！谑?，集中資金的合股公司迅速增加起來，起大型企業(yè)壟斷組織也就應運而生。
人教版高中語文必修2《親近自然寫景要抓住特征》教案2篇
一、教學目標1.指導學生以一顆真摯的童心、愛心面對大自然，促使學生的心靈與大自然親切交流。2.使學生明確寫景文章的寫作范圍、寫作重點、構(gòu)思技巧。二、教學重難點明確話題，寫景抓住特征，注重感情。三、教學方法多重對話法四、教學過程1.導入語：自然是人類生活的環(huán)境，是人類賴以生存的基礎。人類不僅在物質(zhì)上需要大地母親的哺育，而且在精神上也需要向自然尋求依托。當知時節(jié)的春雨飄落大地時，當秋風吹來誘人的果香時，感到喜悅、幸福的決不僅是農(nóng)民；過去的政治家、文學家，每當失意的時候，就會寄情山林；就是我們中學生，當不堪學習重負，感到身心疲憊的時候，去野外踏青，不也能愉悅身心嗎？可以說人對自然的情懷是與生俱來的。但不同的人，對自然的感悟有深淺不同，情趣有高下之分?！叭f類霜天競自由”的感悟，“大漠孤煙直”的審美不是人人都能有的。2.面對大自然，通過什么樣的手段來促使我們的感悟、審美向高深方向發(fā)展呢？哪位同學說說。
人教版高中語文必修2《想象世界學習虛構(gòu)》教案2篇
虛構(gòu)不等于說假話。它是一種源于生活，但高于生活的藝術真實。我們可以舉個例子：我國公認的最權威最真實的史書是——《史記》，那么，大家認為《史記》里有沒有虛構(gòu)呢？有。必修一的《鴻門宴》里就有虛構(gòu)。大家想：司馬遷是哪個朝代的人？西漢漢武帝時。劉邦項羽是哪個朝代的？秦末時期。那司馬遷不可能坐時光穿梭機到秦末去參加鴻門宴吧？既然他沒不在場，那課文《鴻門宴》里人物的語言、動作、甚至是表情從何而來呢？對，是司馬遷根據(jù)有限的史料加以補充，想象、虛構(gòu)出來的。那么，同學們在寫作文時，也可以不必拘泥于親身經(jīng)歷的事情，畢竟生活是平淡的，畢竟大家的生活閱歷也有限，有時候，我們發(fā)揮想象、虛構(gòu)一個故事來反映生活的真實，也許更生動、也更典型。所以，近年來高考試卷中都提示考生：作文可以大膽想象，編寫故事。按照編故事的方式不同，我們的虛構(gòu)性作文又可以寫哪些類型呢：小說，散文，童話，寓言，科幻，故事新編……
人教版高中歷史必修2第一次工業(yè)革命教案2篇
一、教學目標知識與能力：了解或掌握英國工業(yè)革命的條件和重要發(fā)明及進程，掌握工業(yè)革命的影響。分析工業(yè)革命首先發(fā)生在英國的條件和工業(yè)革命的影響，領會生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關系，經(jīng)濟基礎和上層建筑之間的辯證關系；分析工業(yè)革命對世界市場發(fā)展的影響，提高材料解析能力；分析世界市場基本形成的影響，培養(yǎng)學生運用辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義分析歷史事件的能力。過程與方法：啟發(fā)式談話法，問題探究法：層層設疑，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，由淺入深地理解知識。聯(lián)系比較法：構(gòu)建知識體系，突出事物特點。情感態(tài)度與價值觀：懂得科學技術是第一生產(chǎn)力，使學生尊重科學,熱愛科學；正確認識工業(yè)文明的成就與代價，幫助學生形成正確價值觀；聯(lián)系中國歷史深刻理解科技興國，深化改革的必要性。二、教學重點和難點重點：英國工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生的原因、工業(yè)革命的主要成就和影響。難點：工業(yè)革命對資本主義世界市場發(fā)展的影響。課時安排：1課時教具準備： 多媒體課件以及相應教學資料。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking教案
Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 3 Sports and Fitness- Discovering Useful Structures—tag questions教案
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學重難點】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教學過程】Step1: 語法自主探究一、基本組成方法1.肯定式陳述部分+否定附加疑問部分（前肯后否） You often play badminton, don’t you? 你經(jīng)常打羽毛球，是嗎？You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房，是嗎？She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去過上海，是嗎？2.否定式陳述部分+肯定附加疑問部分（前否后肯） It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美麗的花，是嗎？You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天沒去滑冰，是嗎？They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他們不能在星期五之前完成，是嗎？
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教學設計
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for writing教學設計二
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教學設計
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教學設計
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案：1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語，它通常位于系動詞后面，用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案：1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教學設計一
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
人教版高中政治必修2民主管理：共創(chuàng)幸福生活教案
教師活動：請同學們閱讀教材P26頁圖表，思考所提的問題。學生活動：閱讀課本，積極思考。教師點評：公民應在本地事務中增強主人翁責任感，積極參與民主管理。在參與民主管理的過程中，學習民主管理的知識和技能，體驗民主管理的意義和價值，逐步增強和提高自己政治參與的責任意識和實際本領。2、青年學生應積極參與民主管理青年學生應著眼于未來發(fā)展，積極參與民主管理。在基層民主自治這種最廣泛的民主實踐中，獲得更多民主管理機會，以不同方式嘗試參與參與民主管理活動。在參與民主管理的過程中，學習民主管理的知識和技能，體驗民主管理的意義和價值，逐步增強和提高自己政治參與的責任意識和實際本領。（三）課堂總結(jié)、點評本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了我國的基層民主管理形式和主要內(nèi)容，明確了積極參與基層民主管理的重要意義，這對我們提高自身政治素質(zhì)，增強參與政治生活的責任感和能力等，有重大作用。
人教版高中政治必修2民主管理：共創(chuàng)幸福生活教案
一、 教材分析民主管理這個知識點雖然沒有理論難度容易理解，但它具有較強的實用價值，可以幫學生找到一種切實可行的政治參與路徑。因為村委會的知識對城市中的孩子來說比較陌生，所以本課側(cè)重于講解居委會的內(nèi)容。二、教學目標（一）知識目標1、識記村委會、居委會及其作用2、正確理解基層民主管理中公民民主參與的形式3、聯(lián)系實際分析公民在基層管理組織中的作用（二）能力目標提高公民參與民主管理的能力（三）情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標通過學習體驗參與民主管理的意義和價值三、教學重點難點重點：村委會、居委會及其作用，公民在基層管理組織中的參與的形式和作用難點：公民在基層管理組織中的參與的形式和作用四、學情分析高一學生的優(yōu)點是：第一，對什么都好奇，具有強烈的求知欲；第二，可塑性強，適當引導有利于培養(yǎng)其樹立正確的世界觀、人生觀和價值觀；第三，孩子們性格活潑,、樂于實踐、容易激活。
人教版高中政治必修2民主選舉：投出理性一票教案
1、第一，材料一和材料二的選舉方式有什么異同？（1）相同點：①都采用了演講和答辯等形式，都帶有競選的性質(zhì)；②都采用無記名、直接選舉的方式進行投票選舉；③都屬于差額選舉。（2）不同點：①材料一是對村主任進行的正式選舉，結(jié)果是直接產(chǎn)生村主任，材料二是對鎮(zhèn)長候選人進行的選舉，結(jié)果只是確定鎮(zhèn)長候選人，鎮(zhèn)長人選還有待進行正式選舉；②材料一是全體村民都參加選舉，材料二是各戶派代表參加選舉；③材料二比材料一更強調(diào)競選的方式。第二，你還知道哪些選舉方式？除了直接選舉外，還有間接選舉、等額選舉、差額選舉等。第三，你能對這幾種選舉方式的意義和效果，作出自己的評估嗎？這是學習中要探究的問題，這里不一定能回答出來，等到學完本框內(nèi)容后，可以得出比較明確的答案。第四，材料三給了你什么啟示？這個問題不要求統(tǒng)一的答案，能講出一兩點即可。提示如下：（1）新中國成立后，選舉制度經(jīng)歷半個多世紀的發(fā)展，正在逐步走向完善；
人教版高中地理必修2如何看待農(nóng)民工現(xiàn)象精品教案
盡管如此，農(nóng)民工作為一個新的社會階層，其獨特的經(jīng)濟需求和政治訴求應該得到充分的尊重。雖然農(nóng)民工的“根”還在農(nóng)村，但是他們已經(jīng)脫胎換骨，日益成長為一個迫切需要社會認可的新興階層。3.農(nóng)民工處于何種生存境況？作為“廉價勞動力”，工資水平低，拖欠時有發(fā)生。作為“超時勞動力”，工作時間極長，超負荷從事繁重工作。作為“高危勞動力”，社會保障缺失，各種安全事故頻繁。4.農(nóng)民工問題有多么重要？農(nóng)民工問題關系到農(nóng)業(yè)增效、農(nóng)民增收和農(nóng)村繁榮。農(nóng)民工問題關系到工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和“以工補農(nóng)、以城促鄉(xiāng)”。農(nóng)民工問題關系到社會主義和諧社會建設。5.解決農(nóng)民工問題應該做些什么？構(gòu)建城鄉(xiāng)一體化就業(yè)體系。健全農(nóng)民工權益保障制度。強化農(nóng)民工輸出地和輸入地培訓。穩(wěn)妥解決農(nóng)民工戶籍問題。改進對農(nóng)民工的管理和服務。
人教版高中地理必修2綠色食品知多少精品教案
生1：加強對綠色食品的宣傳和扶持力度。當前的形勢迫切要求我們發(fā)展綠色食品，因為綠色食品是真正實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的，做到了發(fā)展經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境保護相結(jié)合，而且有利于增進人民身體健康。但目前綠色食品在市場上難成氣候，主要是宣傳和扶持不夠。生2：綠色食品對環(huán)境、生長過程、加工過程以及運輸?shù)冗^程都有很嚴格的要求，很多環(huán)境相對優(yōu)良的地區(qū)都是邊遠落后地區(qū)，必須給予政策上的扶持和優(yōu)惠，才能降低成本，市場發(fā)展前景才會更加廣闊。活動與探究對當?shù)鼐G色食品市場情況作調(diào)查并初步分析?；顒拥膶嵤┻^程：1．確定調(diào)查研究的目標并制定調(diào)查研究的計劃。市場調(diào)查要深入廣大消費者，可以去市場上做調(diào)查，‘對象包括消費者和經(jīng)營者。形式可以是問卷，也可以是現(xiàn)場采訪。弄清楚被調(diào)查者對綠色食品的態(tài)度，是否了解食用綠色食品的意義，是否懂得鑒別綠色食品等。對象力求涉及各個年齡段，多種職業(yè)。2．對問卷調(diào)查進行整理、分析，得出結(jié)論。
人教版高中語文必修3《善待生命 學習論證》教案2篇
論證方法之引證法如何用好引證法：1.所引用的名言警句等針對性要強。每句名言都產(chǎn)生于特定的背景，都應用于特定的交際目的，即使談同一個問題，也有不少名言可供選取。2.要簡潔，不宜過多。議論是在發(fā)表自己的見解而不是在介紹他人的見解。引用他人的話，目的是為了讓讀者更加信服自己的話。3.要注意直接引用和間接引用的區(qū)別。直接引用務求文字、甚至標點均準確無誤；間接引用只須述其大意，但要注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換。論證方法之喻證法喻證法是用設喻來論證論點的方法。在議論文中，設喻可以使論點更易懂、更風趣、更容易獲得讀者的認同。喻證法能化抽象為具體、化艱深為淺顯、化枯燥為生動。論證方法之喻證法如何用好喻證法：1.以小見大，就近取譬。要精選生活中細小的、人們熟悉的事物做為設喻的喻體。2.喻體不求形似，只求神似。做為喻證的喻體與做為比喻的喻體不同。比喻的喻體是為了強調(diào)特征，描繪事物，側(cè)重形似，以形比形；而喻證的喻體是為了闡發(fā)觀點，以正視聽，力求神似，以義取形。
人教版高中歷史必修3“罷黜百家獨尊儒術”教案2篇
戰(zhàn)國陰陽五行家鄒衍認為，歷史中的朝代更替是由于五德運行產(chǎn)生的影響。按照鄒衍的學說，每個朝代必須與五德之一相連，因此，這個朝代就應當遵循這五德之一的要求來運轉(zhuǎn)。董仲舒修改了這個理論，認為朝代的更替不是依循五德運行的順序，而是依循“三統(tǒng)”，即黑統(tǒng)、白統(tǒng)、赤統(tǒng)的順序。他在《三代改制質(zhì)文》中說：每個朝代都依循一統(tǒng)，每統(tǒng)又各有其為政的系統(tǒng)。按董仲舒的說法，夏朝代表黑統(tǒng)，商朝代表白統(tǒng)；周朝則是赤統(tǒng)。夏、商、周三朝完成了這一歷史循環(huán)。之后，歷史又開始一次新的循環(huán)，新的朝代又應當代表黑統(tǒng)。繼承周朝統(tǒng)治的既不是秦朝，也不是漢朝，而是孔子，他承受天命，創(chuàng)立了黑統(tǒng)?？鬃铀芴烀?，不是一種“法統(tǒng)”，而是一種“道統(tǒng)”。董仲舒說：“《春秋》大一統(tǒng)者，天地之常經(jīng)，古今之通誼也。今師異道，人異論，百家殊方，指意不同，是以上亡以持一統(tǒng)；法制數(shù)變，下不知所守。臣愚以為諸不在六藝之科孔子之術者，皆絕其道，勿使并進。邪辟之說滅息，然后統(tǒng)紀可一而法度可明，民知所從矣?！?/p>