2020年,聯(lián)合國發(fā)布了一份關(guān)于全球氣候變化的報告。報告指出,由于氣候變化,全球各地的冰原和冰川發(fā)生減少。2006年至2015年,平均每年全球海平面上升至少3.6毫米。2020年上半年,二氧化碳等溫室氣體濃度達(dá)到了三百萬年以來的最高水平,并且還在持續(xù)上升。
10.(12分)科技發(fā)展是大國崛起的重要因素,崛起后的大國影響著世界格局的發(fā)展演變。閱讀下列材料,回答問題。材料一:宋代是中國古代科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展史上最輝煌的時期,幾乎在所有中國傳統(tǒng)科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域都留下了新的記錄。舉世聞名的四大發(fā)明中有三項(xiàng)完成于兩宋時期……為推動世界歷史的進(jìn)程和世界文明的發(fā)展作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。——楊寧一主編《歷史學(xué)習(xí)新視野新知識》 材料二:“如果人們把整個人類社會的演進(jìn)用12個小時來表示,那么現(xiàn)代工業(yè)時代只代表最后5分鐘,而不是更多?!庇亲钕劝l(fā)生這個5分鐘事件的地方,工業(yè)革命可能是最初的關(guān)健幾秒鐘。正是這個革命使現(xiàn)代文明降臨人間,人類開始從農(nóng)業(yè)文明向工業(yè)文明過渡?!R克垚主編《世界文明史》
材料三 二戰(zhàn)后,西歐國家憑借馬歇爾計劃的援助,采用最先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)成果,制定恰當(dāng)?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展政策,促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展,西歐國家之間的聯(lián)系日益密切;1967年歐洲共同體成立;1969年歐共體各國開始了政治合作的努力;1993 年《政治聯(lián)盟條約》提出歐洲力求在外交和國家安全等方面步調(diào)一致,該條約和《經(jīng)濟(jì)與貨幣聯(lián)盟條約》組成的《馬斯特里赫特條約》生效,標(biāo)志著歐洲一體化進(jìn)程又邁出了重要一步?!幾匀私贪婢拍昙壪聝浴妒澜鐨v史教師教學(xué)用書》(1)根據(jù)材料一并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識,列舉英國“強(qiáng)迫外國實(shí)行自由貿(mào)易”的事例。(1分)(2)根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識。指出19世紀(jì)來20世紀(jì)初主要資本主義國家經(jīng)濟(jì)政治發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)?(1分)這種特點(diǎn)最終導(dǎo)致了什么嚴(yán)重的后果?(1分)(3)根據(jù)材料三,指出二戰(zhàn)后西歐國家是如何加強(qiáng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀指導(dǎo),從而促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的?(1分)(4)根據(jù)材料三,指出20世紀(jì)90年代之后,歐洲體化進(jìn)程在經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治方面的新發(fā)展?(2分)結(jié)合所學(xué)知識指出歐盟的發(fā)展對當(dāng)今世界政治格局產(chǎn)生的影響。(1分)
材料一 每一(簽暑國)政府各自保證對與各政府作戰(zhàn)的三國同盟成員國及其附從者使用其全部資源,不論軍事的或是經(jīng)濟(jì)的,聯(lián)合起來,共同對敵……——1942年1月《聯(lián)合國家宣言》材料二1954年,日內(nèi)瓦國際會議上,美國國務(wù)卿杜勒斯嚴(yán)令美國代表團(tuán):不準(zhǔn)任何人與中國代表握手……1972年2月,美國總統(tǒng)尼克松乘專機(jī)抵達(dá)北京,周恩來總理前往迎接周恩來對尼克松說:“你的手伸過世界最遼闊的海洋未和我握手一-25年沒有交往了?。 薄幾阅峥怂苫貞涗洝额I(lǐng)導(dǎo)者》材料三 北京時間2018年3月23日,美國宣布將對600億美元中國出口商品征收關(guān)稅,并對中國實(shí)行貿(mào)易限制一一摘編自《中國網(wǎng)》(1)材料一所述《聯(lián)合國家宣言》的發(fā)表,標(biāo)志著什么組織的建立?(1分)美國和中國是否同屬于“簽署國”?(1分)
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention,but they have been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were ___16___electric cars on the road than gasoline(汽油)cars, because at that time,gasoline was expensive compared with other fuels(燃料), electriccars were more popular.
By usingthis method, the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods tothe environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane(甲烷)that keeps 30 times more heat than CO2. As well asmaking the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the riskof a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.
B: It’s about theexperiments three astronauts are doing on the space station.A: That’s great. I’minterested in space, so I want to be an astronaut like them.
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, and asked her father, “Doyou want me to cook?”
Ibelieved that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrongand he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us alesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side ofher desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and roundobject. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what colorthe object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object waswhite! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony and me,this time about the color of the object.
TheChinese knot, a folk art, has a long history. People first made them to recordinformation and send messages before they started to use words. The knots wereused for decoration (裝飾) and to express thoughts and feelings in theTang Dynasty. They were later popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. But thisart wasn’t really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.
At the age of seven, I started school in London.There I met a ____21____,Mr. King. He influenced my whole life. Mr King taught me maths. He washumorous. Sometimes, he told us funny stories. So his lessons made us ____22____.
There wasa stone lying in the mountains for a long time. He had a dream—one day he couldfly up into the sky ___11___ a bird. When he told his dream to his friends,they all laughed at him.
All thefamily—my grandparents, my parents, my aunt and uncle, my cousin, my sister andI— ___22___ the turkey. However, turkey is not the easiestthing to ___23___. It takes a lot of time to prepare and a lot ofwork to cook…and there are a lot of chances for things to go wrong.
Zu Ti was a great man of Jin Dynasty. He was ____16____ for his hard work andgreat achievements. But when he was a child, he was a naughty (頑皮的)boy who showed little ____17____ inreading. As he grew up, Zu Ti ____18____ hedidn’t have enough knowledge.
Some schools have organized too many tests thatare too difficult. As a result, students have to study hard all the time andthey have been under a lot of stress. It has been harmful to students’ mental (心理的)and physical health and it must be changed.
Antarctica is a continent (大陸) of ice. There is hardlyany rain in Antarctica, so the Antarctic Desert becomes the driest desert inthe world. It is also the world’s largest desert by area.
There are many kinds ___21___art forms in China. ___22___ you often see any of them in your life?They help us understand and enjoy the traditional Chinese culture. When theSpring Festival comes, some people often ___23___ the red paper intodifferent art works with scissors.
Remember that it’s better to fail than it’s togive up, and the key is to learn from your failure(失敗). But along withdifficulties, there will also be ____18____ wonderful waiting for you.
I often hear some students say English isdifficult, so they can’t learn it well. ___11___ English is very easy for me. I’m good ___12___ it. I’m very glad to tell you ___13___ about how I study English.
Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across North America on thethird Friday of May. It was started by the League of American Bicyclistsin 1956. Its aim is to promote (促進(jìn)) the bicycle as a serious choice of getting toand from work. In today’s world where global warming is a serious issue, thebicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon (碳) footprint.