材料一 李世民大帝是中國(guó)最杰出的英明君主之一,他用他高度的智慧,殷勤而小心地治理他的帝國(guó),不久就為中國(guó)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一百三十年之久的第二個(gè)黃金時(shí)代.﹣﹣摘自柏楊《中國(guó)人史綱》材料二 像唐太宗這樣有才能的人,從西漢以來(lái),只喲這一人罷了,他任用有才能的人,手下的將相沒(méi)有不是這樣的人的,恭謹(jǐn)儉約節(jié)省費(fèi)用,治理天下幾乎到了置刑法而不用的地步.自從夏、商、周三個(gè)朝代以來(lái),沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)能夠和他相匹敵的,然而傳位給兒子再到孫子,就遭受武氏之亂,子孫被殺,局勢(shì)危急,像差點(diǎn)兒就要斷掉的線一樣,后世人從本原上推究落得這樣結(jié)局的原因卻找不到.以我看來(lái),可惜的是他不明白治世原則??!﹣﹣摘編自蘇轍《唐太宗論》(譯文)(1)根據(jù)材料一、二并結(jié)合所學(xué)的知識(shí),對(duì)材料一的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)析.(2)根據(jù)材料二,說(shuō)明作者評(píng)價(jià)歷史人物的主要方法.
材料一 中國(guó)代表在和會(huì)上要求收回大戰(zhàn)期間被日本侵占的德國(guó)在山東的一切權(quán)益,和會(huì)竟不顧中國(guó)的反對(duì)和抗議,決定把德國(guó)在山東的一切非法權(quán)益移交給日本,這激起了中國(guó)人民的無(wú)比憤怒。﹣﹣岳麓版(九下)歷史教科書(shū)(1)材料一中“和會(huì)”指的是哪次國(guó)際會(huì)議?“這激起了中國(guó)人民的無(wú)比憤怒”引發(fā)的愛(ài)國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么?
材料二從公元 476 年西羅馬帝國(guó)滅亡到 14~16 世紀(jì)文藝復(fù)興之前, 歐洲是政教合一的封建時(shí)代,宗教裁判所可以僅僅因?yàn)椴剪斨Z信奉哥白尼的日心說(shuō)這樣一個(gè)科學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō),而把他視為異端判處死刑,燒死在羅馬鮮花廣場(chǎng)上。因此,歐洲中世紀(jì)的科技經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步都受到了極大的阻礙,史稱“黑暗的中世紀(jì)”。而這一千年,中國(guó)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)期統(tǒng)一,經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,中華封建文明在大踏步前進(jìn)……以四大發(fā)明為標(biāo)志的傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)更為世人所稱道……只是到了近代才落后于西方?!幾酝跤迳秱鹘y(tǒng)文化與中國(guó)科技發(fā)展》(1)根據(jù)材料一并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí),指出中國(guó)古代科技在世界科技史上的地位變化情況。(4分)(2)根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí),概述公元401~1500年中國(guó)古代科技發(fā)展的主要原因。(6分)(3)下圖是某校初三·三班呂亞楠同學(xué)制作的中國(guó)“古代四大發(fā)明”手抄報(bào)照片,其中“四大發(fā)明是什么”的答案有點(diǎn)模糊不清,請(qǐng)你補(bǔ)充完成。( 4 分)
材料一十八世紀(jì),封建王朝統(tǒng)治下的法國(guó)是個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó),但資本主義工商業(yè)已經(jīng)有了很大的發(fā)展,資本主義的發(fā)展,要求沖破封建制度的束縛。1789年7月,法國(guó)大革命爆發(fā)?!攀兰o(jì)上半期,俄國(guó)資本主義已經(jīng)有所發(fā)展。在歐洲工業(yè)革命的影響下,還出現(xiàn)了手工勞動(dòng)逐步被機(jī)器生產(chǎn)取代的趨勢(shì)。但俄國(guó)落后的農(nóng)奴制限制了自由勞動(dòng)力的供應(yīng)和國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的開(kāi)拓……1861年,沙皇亞歷山大二世批準(zhǔn)了廢除農(nóng)奴制的法令。﹣﹣摘編自《世界歷史》九年級(jí)上冊(cè)教材
材料二 二戰(zhàn)后,為實(shí)現(xiàn)歐洲復(fù)興,并增大在美蘇兩極格局中的發(fā)言權(quán).歐洲各國(guó)摒棄前嫌,走上聯(lián)合之路.法德兩國(guó)共同推動(dòng)的歐洲聯(lián)合,一直到現(xiàn)在對(duì)整個(gè)歐洲都有強(qiáng)大的吸引力.(2)根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)概括說(shuō)明歐洲走上聯(lián)合之路的原因.歐洲國(guó)家建立的聯(lián)合組織是什么? 材料三 2001年“九一一事件”發(fā)生后,全球反恐斗爭(zhēng)面臨嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì).在此形勢(shì)下,美國(guó)不得不順應(yīng)多極化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),主動(dòng)尋求與聯(lián)合國(guó)和國(guó)際社會(huì)的合作,特別是與中國(guó)和俄羅斯的合作,從而在國(guó)際反恐問(wèn)題上達(dá)成了一定共識(shí),有力的打擊了國(guó)際恐怖勢(shì)力.﹣川教版《世界歷史》九年級(jí)(下)(3)根據(jù)材料三并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)指出當(dāng)今世界人類面臨的共同問(wèn)題.請(qǐng)你為解決這些問(wèn)題獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策.
材料二 20世紀(jì)80年代初,大陸的統(tǒng)一觀已經(jīng)有了創(chuàng)新性的發(fā)展,不完全要求絕對(duì)的“政治上的服從”和制度上的一致,首創(chuàng)了一個(gè)國(guó)家中允許存在不同社會(huì)制度的理論。這一理論在香港和澳門(mén)獲得了成功的實(shí)踐。——據(jù)許士鈴《國(guó)家統(tǒng)一是中華民族歷史形成的國(guó)家觀》⑵材料二中,大陸首創(chuàng)的“一個(gè)國(guó)家中允許存在不同社會(huì)制度的理論”是指什么(2分)分析這一理論提出的依據(jù)(2分)。
觀滄海曹操東臨碣石,以觀滄海。水何澹澹,山島竦峙。樹(shù)木叢生,百草豐茂。秋風(fēng)蕭瑟,洪波涌起。日月之行,若出其中;星漢燦爛,若出其里。幸甚至哉,歌以詠志。
失掉了他信力,就會(huì)疑,一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)身,也許能夠只相信了自己,倒是一條新生路,但不幸的是逐漸玄虛起來(lái)了。信"地"和"物",還是切實(shí)的東西,國(guó)聯(lián)就渺茫,不過(guò)這還可以令人不久就省悟到依賴它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛,可就玄虛之至了,有益或是有害,一時(shí)就找不出分明的結(jié)果來(lái),它可以令人更長(zhǎng)久的麻醉著自己。
讀書(shū)不能死章句,需要思考一個(gè)“活”字。李白在《嘲魯儒》中說(shuō):“魯叟談五經(jīng),白發(fā)死章句。問(wèn)以經(jīng)濟(jì)策,茫如墜煙霧。”詩(shī)人對(duì)那些夸夸其談而沒(méi)有真才實(shí)學(xué)的“魯叟”進(jìn)行了辛辣的嘲諷。這些人談起五經(jīng)頭頭是道,問(wèn)起經(jīng)世濟(jì)民之策卻茫然無(wú)知。他們拿腔拿調(diào),架子十足,卻死于章句,不知時(shí)變。陸游《冬夜讀書(shū)示子聿》中的觀點(diǎn),則更加值得那些“魯叟”們深思。他說(shuō)“紙上得來(lái)終覺(jué)淺,絕知此事要躬行”,言詞樸素,滿含哲理,詩(shī)中提出的理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的觀點(diǎn),至今猶有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。只有在實(shí)踐中才能得真知、悟真諦,真正學(xué)有所獲,學(xué)有所用。
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北極)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹(shù)干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉機(jī))and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣賞) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
For a long time, I guarded the garden of peaceand quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would expect themto be out of sight (視野). And I would hand out tasks.
“Her daughter passed away a few days ago. Now,she can’t do the same things she used to do with her daughter. She doesn’t knowwhat to do. Even little things like making dinner and cleaning the house areharder for her to do now. Maybe you can think of a way to help her,” her mothersaid.
Michelle,a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in hercountry. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a Health Program to dealwith it. The Health Program is to reduce the number of fat students today andin the future.