陶淵明生于東晉末朝,出身于沒落的地主官僚家庭。他少時(shí)頗有壯志,博學(xué)能文,任性不羈。當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)動(dòng)亂不安,他有志不得展。做過小官,由于不滿官場(chǎng)的丑惡,棄官回鄉(xiāng),這時(shí)他四十一歲,從此過著“躬耕自資”的隱居生活。憂憤、饑寒、勞累、贏疾一起折磨著他,六十三歲去世。后稱靖節(jié)先生。他所作的詩文,內(nèi)容多描寫農(nóng)村生活,表現(xiàn)了優(yōu)美的自然風(fēng)光,抒發(fā)他熱愛田園生活、樂于和農(nóng)民來往和不愿與統(tǒng)治者同流合污的高尚感情;但也包含了樂天知命、消極適世的因素。在形式上一反當(dāng)時(shí)華而不實(shí)的文風(fēng),明朗清新,質(zhì)樸自然,善于抓住客觀事物最突出的特征,淡淡幾筆傳神的表現(xiàn)它的形象,簡(jiǎn)潔含蓄而富有韻味,對(duì)后代作家有較大的影響。本文寫作年代大約是宋永初二年(421年),其時(shí)陶淵明已經(jīng)五十七歲了。他拒絕同劉格的來政權(quán)合作,不滿黑暗的政治現(xiàn)實(shí),同時(shí)由于他和農(nóng)民接近,理解他們追求理想社會(huì)的愿望,所以寫了這篇記和詩。
劉義慶(403~444)南朝宋著名文學(xué)家,字季伯,彭城(今江蘇徐州)人,南朝宋宗室,武帝時(shí)襲封臨川王。官至兗州刺史、都督加開府儀同三司。自幼才華出眾,愛好文學(xué),喜納文士,其撰筆記小說集《世說新語》,是六朝志人小說的代表。記敘漢末至東晉士族階層人物的言談?shì)W事,生動(dòng)形象地反映出當(dāng)時(shí)士族的生活方式與精神面貌。語言精煉、生動(dòng)傳神,對(duì)后世小說影響極大。其中“周處除三害”、“望梅止渴”、“擊鼓罵曹”等故事,成為后世戲曲小說的素材,“新亭對(duì)泣”、“子猷獻(xiàn)戴”等也成為后世詩文常用的典故。梁劉孝標(biāo)作注,旁征博引,為后人所重。另有《幽明錄》,今佚。魯迅《古小說鉤沉》輯其佚文200余條,皆記詭異之事。
教材地位本課具有承上啟下的作用,前承文藝復(fù)興,后啟資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命時(shí)代的到來,啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)為資本主義社會(huì)構(gòu)建了一套政治藍(lán)圖,具有前瞻性,是近代第二次思想解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此,本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個(gè)教材中有著很重要的地位。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):(1)幫助學(xué)生了解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容和主要啟蒙 思想家及其主張。(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)興起的背景、影響。2、能力目標(biāo):(1)在討論和探究過程中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的科學(xué)思維方法和自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和掌握解題的方法。(2)通過指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀啟蒙思想家的言論資料,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)歷史資料的理解和歸納能力。3、情感價(jià)值目標(biāo):(1)培養(yǎng)人文意識(shí),強(qiáng)化法治觀念。(2)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作精神和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)(1)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):?jiǎn)⒚伤枷爰业闹鲝埣皢⒚蛇\(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。
解析:材料是講學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)所產(chǎn)生的影響,A項(xiàng)觀點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤,在當(dāng)前和今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里,學(xué)校教育仍然是人們獲得知識(shí)的最重要的途徑。B項(xiàng)觀點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤,終身學(xué)習(xí)只是成就人生目的的手段、途徑,而不是目的本身。D項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤,當(dāng)前我國社會(huì)的中心工作是經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)。二、問答題5.材料一:日本是公認(rèn)的漫畫大國,日本的動(dòng)漫產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值每年230萬億日元,成為日本的第二大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。在日本,漫畫比電影、小說有時(shí)甚至比電視或音樂更受歡迎。日本漫畫的熱潮還席卷了世界:日本每年出口到美國的卡通片價(jià)值就達(dá)5 000億日元,是日本對(duì)美國鋼鐵出口金額的4倍;漫畫中的人物被迅速復(fù)制成電子游戲、卡通片及真人演出的節(jié)目。原來只是閑暇時(shí)候消遣的漫畫,正飛速滲透到人們的生活中。值得警惕的是,除了催人奮進(jìn)的精華之外,日本漫畫中也存在暴力、色情、扭曲歷史等諸多糟粕,對(duì)缺乏辨別能力的青少年產(chǎn)生了許多不良影響,更引發(fā)了一系列深刻的社會(huì)問題。
Choose the best choice fromA to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should beused only once.A: Hello, I’m a schoolnewspaper reporter. May I ask you some questions?B: ____46____
B: It’s about theexperiments three astronauts are doing on the space station.A: That’s great. I’minterested in space, so I want to be an astronaut like them.
There are many kinds ___21___art forms in China. ___22___ you often see any of them in your life?They help us understand and enjoy the traditional Chinese culture. When theSpring Festival comes, some people often ___23___ the red paper intodifferent art works with scissors.
Tim: _______36_______,Bob.Bob: Good afternoon, Tim. Icalled you just now, but nobody answered. _______37_______?Tim: I went to the cinema.And I watched a movie named The Battle atLake Changjin.Bob: Oh, great. It’s very famous nowadays. _______38_______?
On a snowy day, there was a man walking in ahurry on the road. His clothes were in poor condition. You might think he was abeggar(乞丐),but in fact he was a painter. His name was Vincent Willem van Gogh.
I often use old clothes that people don’t wearany more to make bags. I opened a small shop in my community and set up awebsite to sell the bags online. Many customers think they are fantastic. Now Iplan to write a new book about ways to use old clothes.
Remember that it’s better to fail than it’s togive up, and the key is to learn from your failure(失敗). But along withdifficulties, there will also be ____18____ wonderful waiting for you.
I often hear some students say English isdifficult, so they can’t learn it well. ___11___ English is very easy for me. I’m good ___12___ it. I’m very glad to tell you ___13___ about how I study English.
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft(手工藝品).It has a history of over 1,000 years in China.In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed(鋼骨的)umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts(裝飾性工藝品).
___14___, I think an interest in Englishis very important. When I was in Grade Three, we had a new ___15___ — English,it was new for me. I was interested in it. I worked hard at it. Soon we had anEnglish exam and I got a very good mark. How ___16___ I was! After that,I learned English harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs,and ___17___ sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!
Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across North America on thethird Friday of May. It was started by the League of American Bicyclistsin 1956. Its aim is to promote (促進(jìn)) the bicycle as a serious choice of getting toand from work. In today’s world where global warming is a serious issue, thebicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon (碳) footprint.
Dealing with a nosebleed(鼻出血)mightseem simple. But recently, the British RED Cross asked parents with youngchildren how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents didnot ____11____ the correct action to help.
One night many yearsago, an angry voice woke me up from sleep. It was my drunken (喝醉的) father. Those days, he would always ___11___ home very late. Sometimes, he would also go on to fight with my mom.
FIFA World Cup is one of the biggest sportsevents in the world. It ___11___every 4 years. The first World Cup was in 1930. It has a history of over 90years. During the World Cup, ___12___fans watch the games and cheer for their favorite teams or players.
Dealing with a nosebleed(鼻出血)mightseem simple. But recently, the British RED Cross asked parents with youngchildren how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents didnot ____11____the correct action to help.
My earliest memory ofthese events began when I was around four years old. I was filled with ___12___ at that time. There were lots of ___13___ — crying, shouting, and doors slamming (砰地關(guān)上).