Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀,愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.
這個地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學既練:為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化,欣賞中國美麗的自然風光,感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州,內(nèi)容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.
4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因為寫得匆忙, 這篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔細讀書時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當被問及他為什么要這么做時, 班長說這是他的職責
(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因為我們希望全世界各國團結(jié)起來去應對……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對于……表達的擔心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂”為主題的演講比賽,請你按照主題,寫下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!
過渡:在實際生活中,城市內(nèi)部空間結(jié)構(gòu)并非完全按照這一經(jīng)濟規(guī)律呈現(xiàn),而是更具復雜性。這說明除了經(jīng)濟因素外,還有很多其他因素在起作用,請大家結(jié)合你的認識、圖2.9和案例1:紐約市的少數(shù)民族區(qū)談談你的看法。(2)其他因素I收入——形成不同級別住宅區(qū)的常見原因。有能力支付昂貴租金和選擇最佳居住環(huán)境的人,其居住地往往形成高級住宅區(qū)。II知名度——城市內(nèi)某些地區(qū)在歷史、文化或經(jīng)濟方面具有很高的聲譽,這往往會吸引更多新的住宅或商場建在該處,以提高其知名度。III種族聚居區(qū)的形成——在有些城市的某一區(qū)域內(nèi),如果某個種族或宗教團體占優(yōu)勢,就可能形成種族聚居區(qū)。如紐約市的唐人街、哈林區(qū)、小意大利區(qū)等。IV歷史因素——城市的建筑物和街道設計可以維持久遠,早期的土地利用方式對日后的功能分區(qū)有著深遠的影響。
1.生產(chǎn)上的聯(lián)系:有投入——產(chǎn)出的關(guān)系工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的過程復雜,工序繁多,往往需要經(jīng)過多家工廠的加工才能完成一種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)過程。因此,在這些工廠之間就存在著產(chǎn)品與原料的聯(lián)系。一家工廠生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品是另一家工廠的原料,這兩家工廠之間就形成了工序上的工業(yè)聯(lián)系。2.非生產(chǎn)上的聯(lián)系:如地理空間上的聯(lián)系布局在同一個工業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi),共同利用工業(yè)區(qū)的道路、供水、供電、通信等基礎設施以及其他生產(chǎn)、生活服務設施,或者共同利用當?shù)亓畠r的勞動力,形成了空間利用上的工業(yè)聯(lián)系。我國許多地方的經(jīng)濟技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)就是建立在這種工業(yè)聯(lián)系基礎上的。(二)工業(yè)集聚1.形成具有工業(yè)聯(lián)系的一些工廠往往近距離地聚集起來,形成工業(yè)集聚現(xiàn)象。2.工業(yè)集聚可獲得效應(1)工業(yè)集聚可以加強企業(yè)間的信息交流和技術(shù)協(xié)作,降低中間產(chǎn)品的運輸費用和能源消耗,進而降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高生產(chǎn)效率和利潤,取得規(guī)模效益。
(1)主人公大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾:大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾是《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的主人公,曾經(jīng)是個孤兒。作家描寫了他從孤兒成長為一個具有人道主義精神的資產(chǎn)階級民主主義作家的過程。他善良,誠摯,聰明,勤奮好學,有自強不息的勇氣、百折不回的毅力和積極進取的精神,在逆境中滿懷信心,在順境中加倍努力,終于獲得了事業(yè)上的成功和家庭的幸福。在這個人物身上寄托著狄更斯的道德理想。(2)《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的女性形象:在狄更斯筆下,《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》塑造了一個個有血有肉的人物形象,每個任務都給人留下了深刻的印象,尤其是成功塑造了不同性格、不同品德的女性形象:貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂、克拉拉、朵拉、摩德斯通小姐、米考伯太太、艾米麗……貝西姨婆與摩德斯通小姐的對比,克拉拉、朵拉與艾妮斯的對比更使她們栩栩如生,對貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂的愛就更深一層,對摩德斯通小姐更是恨之入骨,對朵拉、克拉拉既同情又氣憤。
一、內(nèi)容與解析內(nèi)容:科普說明文《動物游戲之謎》。解析:《動物游戲之謎》是高中語文(必修)3第四單元的一篇科普說明文。科學是人類認識世界的重要工具,是人類文化的重要組成部分,是標志人類文明的尺度。閱讀科普文章,可以啟迪心志,激發(fā)想象,帶領我們進入全新的科學天地,在科學海洋中遨游。本文思路清晰,內(nèi)容生動,揭開了動物日常游戲行為的神秘面紗,擺出研究者的種種結(jié)論,既讓我們擴大了視野,增長了知識,也讓我們明白了科學探索永無止境。學習本文的重點是提高的科普文的閱讀能力,培養(yǎng)學生勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學精神。二、教學目標及解析1、理清文章思路,明確本文的說明內(nèi)容和順序。2、品讀文章,感受本文的語言特色。3、激發(fā)探究興趣,培養(yǎng)篩選信息、提取要素及概括敘述的能力。4、挖掘人文內(nèi)涵,培養(yǎng)學生保護動物的意識和勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學精神。
五.研習第一段:1.誦讀指導要處理好句中停頓2.請學生對照注釋翻譯本段重點詞句:學不可以已已:停止。青,取之于藍而青于藍于:從;比。木直中繩中:zhàng符合,合于。雖有槁暴,不復挺者,揉使之然也有通又,揉通煣,以火烘木,使其彎曲。然:這樣。翻譯:故木受繩則直,金就礪則利,君子博學而日參省乎己,則知明而行無過矣。所以木材經(jīng)墨線畫過(再用斧鋸加工)就直了,金屬刀劍拿到磨刀石上(磨過)就鋒利了,君子廣博地學習并且每天對自己檢驗反省,就能智慧明達,行為沒有過錯了。3.本段是從哪個角度論述中心論點的?明確:本段是從學習的意義這個角度論述中心論點的。荀子認為人的知識、道德、才能都不是天生成的,而是后天不斷學習獲得的,學習的意義十分重大,所以學習不能停止。4.本段中幾個比喻句是為了說明什么道理?學生討論發(fā)言,教師明確:
小結(jié)人們對待祥林嫂這個“嫁而再寡”的不幸女人態(tài)度:①、魯四老爺?shù)膽B(tài)度:不讓她干祭祀的活(71、73、75、108通過四嬸先后三喊“你放著罷”,殺人不見血地葬送了祥林嫂的性命。而其中尤以最后一次對其打擊最大)。魯四老爺站在頑固維護封建宗法制度的立場上,從精神上殘酷地虐殺她。他暗暗地告誡四嬸的那段話,就是置祥林嫂于死地而又不露一絲血痕的軟刀子。②、魯四嬸的態(tài)度:魯四嬸是“大戶人家的太太”,頭一次留祥林嫂是看她能干,祥林嫂被婆家綁架走以后,她害怕給自己家惹麻煩。之后她惦念祥林嫂不是因為關(guān)心她的命運,而是自己的傭人都沒有祥林嫂那樣可心。以后祥林嫂再來,她“起初還躊躕”,后來倒是真心憐憫祥林嫂,留下她。但是祥林嫂不像過去那樣靈活能干了,四嬸開始“不滿”,進而“警告”,最后把祥林嫂趕出家門??梢哉f,四嬸只是把祥林嫂當成一件工具罷了,沒有把她當人來看。
①從政府人員組成看,南京政府是一個以資產(chǎn)階級革命派為主體的政府。②從政府頒發(fā)的法令和措施看,這些法令體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主革命的要求,對于發(fā)展民族資本主義經(jīng)濟、資產(chǎn)階級民主政治和文化教育以及改革社會風氣,都起了積極作用。③從頒布的《中華民國臨時約法》看,憲法體現(xiàn)了三權(quán)分立的政治體制,體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主主義的要求,是中國歷史上第一部資產(chǎn)階級民主憲法,具有反封建專制制度的進步意義。(2)從南京臨時政府的內(nèi)外政策分析南京政府的根本弱點①未徹底地反封建。它沒有采取比較徹底的反對封建主義的措施,特別是對封建統(tǒng)治的基礎——地主階級土地所有制沒有觸動,這樣,南京臨時政府也就不能真正地把廣大人民群眾動員起來,因而缺乏真正的群眾基礎。
材料五航路開辟后,東方香料輸入歐洲的總量較中古之時猛增30倍,而胡椒、丁香等在印度購入和在英國賣出的差價亦高達10至29倍,其他貨物的獲利同樣驚人。這一時期,新的商品不斷涌現(xiàn),特別值得注意的是美洲的特產(chǎn)——玉米、馬鈴薯、煙草、可可等——被傳播到歐亞大陸。這時,世界性的對外貿(mào)易主要通過大西洋,地中海與意大利皆告衰落,而沿大洋的英、荷等漸居中心。到17世紀時,英國的倫敦與荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹成為世界貿(mào)易中心。問題4:材料五表明,新航路開辟后對世界貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了哪些重大影響?答案4:結(jié)束了世界相對孤立狀態(tài);各地文明開始會合交流,日益連成一個整體;歐洲商人直接同世界各地建立商業(yè)聯(lián)系;促進不同國家和貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,促進世界市場雛形開始出現(xiàn)。
二、程朱理學:1、宋代“理學”的產(chǎn)生:(1)含義:所謂“理學”,就是用“理學”一詞來指明當時兩宋時期所呈現(xiàn)出來的儒學。廣義的理學,泛指以討論天道問題為中心的整個哲學思潮,包括各種不同的學派;狹義的理學,專指程顥、程頤、朱熹為代表的,以“理”為最高范疇的學說,稱為“程朱理學”。理學是北宋政治、社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的理論表現(xiàn),是中國古代哲學長期發(fā)展的結(jié)果,是批判佛、道學說的產(chǎn)物。他們把“理”或“天理”視作哲學的最高范疇,認為理無所不在,不生不滅,不僅是世界的本原,也是社會生活的最高準則。在窮理方法上,程顥“主靜”,強調(diào)“正心誠意”;程頤“主敬”,強調(diào)“格物致知”。在人性論上,二程主張“去人欲,存天理”,并深入闡釋這一觀點使之更加系統(tǒng)化。二程學說的出現(xiàn),標志著宋代“理學”思想體系的正式形成?!竞献魈骄俊克未袄韺W”興起的社會條件:
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當?shù)貙в蔚呐阃?,深入雨林進行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復合句中的作用是什么? 關(guān)系詞有哪些?定語從句在復合句中的作用相當于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用,同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.