寒假里同學(xué)們都喜歡煙花爆竹,選購(gòu)時(shí)一定要選擇正規(guī)廠家生產(chǎn)的,玩耍時(shí)也要嚴(yán)格按照要求,不能把煙花對(duì)著自己和他人,不能把爆竹拿在手上引爆.假期里同學(xué)們也不要在路邊購(gòu)買(mǎi)小攤販的"三無(wú)"食品,以免出現(xiàn)肚子疼,腹瀉甚至中毒的情況.至于騎車(chē),追逐玩耍等,千萬(wàn)不要在公路上進(jìn)行,在安全的地方進(jìn)行時(shí),也要小心.同學(xué)們,為了度過(guò)一個(gè)愉快的寒假,我們要樹(shù)立安全意識(shí),掌握一些必要的安全知識(shí),預(yù)防不安全的事件發(fā)生.最后祝愿大家假期里都能快快樂(lè)樂(lè),平平安安!
4.這種合理安排時(shí)間的方法不僅僅適用于星期天,寒暑假的時(shí)候也可以用這種方法合理安排我們的時(shí)間。 三、好經(jīng)驗(yàn)共分享(提前布置孩子回家搜集,用一句話寫(xiě)在紙上)1.要想成為真正的學(xué)習(xí)的主人,除了合理安排時(shí)間,還要掌 握一定的學(xué)習(xí)方法,課前老師讓同學(xué)們把自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法寫(xiě)在了蘋(píng)果卡片上,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們拿出這張卡片,PPT 出示交流要求:( 1)請(qǐng)同學(xué)們?cè)谛〗M內(nèi)交流匯報(bào)你的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 ( 2)選 出一個(gè)最好的方法來(lái)匯報(bào)。 ( 3)將剩下的學(xué)習(xí)方法粘到綠色 的卡紙上。2.小組匯報(bào)交流課前整理在蘋(píng)果卡片上的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 3.師補(bǔ)充學(xué)習(xí)方法,分別出示23 頁(yè)四幅圖。4.學(xué)習(xí)的方法有很多種,但適合自己的方法才是最好的方法。四、總結(jié)通過(guò)這節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),我們懂得了要合理地安排時(shí)間,并且了解了更多的學(xué)習(xí)方法,今天老師就把這棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù)送給你們,課后的時(shí)候老師建議每個(gè)人都到蘋(píng)果樹(shù)前看一看你最喜歡 哪種學(xué)習(xí)方法,并且把這種方法運(yùn)用到我們的學(xué)習(xí)中,老師 相信你們都會(huì)成為真正的學(xué)習(xí)的主人。
尊敬的各位評(píng)委老師: 你們好!我說(shuō)課的內(nèi)容是義務(wù)教育教科書(shū)人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)四年級(jí)下冊(cè)第一單元第5-6頁(yè)的內(nèi)容《乘除法的意義和各部分間的關(guān)系》。下面我談?wù)劚竟?jié)課的教學(xué)設(shè)想,不妥之處,懇請(qǐng)各位教師指正。一.我對(duì)教材的理解(教材分析)——參考教學(xué)參考書(shū)《乘除法的意義和各部分間的關(guān)系》是人教版小學(xué)四年級(jí)下冊(cè)第一單元四則運(yùn)算中第2課時(shí)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。本課是在學(xué)生對(duì)整數(shù)乘除法有了較多的接觸,積累了豐富的感性認(rèn)識(shí)并掌握了相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和技能的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行抽象、概括,上升到理性的認(rèn)識(shí)。為后面學(xué)習(xí)的四則運(yùn)算打基礎(chǔ),也為以后學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的意義和關(guān)系做鋪墊。二.學(xué)情分析(根據(jù)考評(píng)要求,可不說(shuō))因?yàn)槟挲g特征決定了四年級(jí)學(xué)生活潑好奇好動(dòng),雖具一定的抽象思維能力,但仍然以形象思維為主;就知識(shí)層面上,已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了簡(jiǎn)單整數(shù)乘除法,對(duì)整數(shù)乘除法及各部分名稱有初步的感性認(rèn)知,初步具備了理性認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ);同時(shí)又存在個(gè)體差異,多數(shù)學(xué)生思維活躍,數(shù)學(xué)興趣濃厚,表現(xiàn)欲望強(qiáng)烈,少數(shù)學(xué)生缺乏積極性,學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)。
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
一、 教材分析“三角形的特性”是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)四年級(jí)下冊(cè)第五章第一節(jié)的內(nèi)容,本節(jié)課主要闡述了三個(gè)方面,一是三角形的定義,二是三角形高和底的定義 。是學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)了線段、角基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的,為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)三角形的分類和內(nèi)角和打下堅(jiān)定的基礎(chǔ)。二、 學(xué)情分析對(duì)于學(xué)情的合理把握是上好一堂課的基礎(chǔ)。本節(jié)課的授課對(duì)象為四年級(jí)的學(xué)生,他們的觀察、記憶、想象能力在迅速的發(fā)展,有強(qiáng)烈的好奇心。所以在教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)該更多的激發(fā)他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和情感動(dòng)力,引導(dǎo)他們多觀察,多想象。 三、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、教材特點(diǎn)、學(xué)生實(shí)際,我確定了如下教學(xué)目標(biāo):(1)知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生初步理解并掌握三角形的特性及三角形高和底的含義,能準(zhǔn)確作出三角形的高 。(2)過(guò)程與方法目標(biāo):經(jīng)歷猜測(cè)、觀察、操作等教學(xué)活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生相互轉(zhuǎn)化、滲透、遷移的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。(3)情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生積極參與數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng),對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)有好奇心和求知欲。
一.教材分析(一)教材內(nèi)容地位作用與學(xué)情《分?jǐn)?shù)的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算》是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)三年級(jí)上冊(cè)P96~97第八單元中的分?jǐn)?shù)的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算第一課時(shí)的內(nèi)容。主要是簡(jiǎn)單同分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法的計(jì)算,分?jǐn)?shù)的簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算是學(xué)生數(shù)與代數(shù)運(yùn)算的一次擴(kuò)展,是在學(xué)生之前學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)知了簡(jiǎn)單分?jǐn)?shù)含義及其大小比較等知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)展教學(xué)的。也是學(xué)習(xí)異分母加減法等知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)基于以上教材理解分析和新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“四基”、“四能”要求,擬將本課教學(xué)目標(biāo)定位確立如下:知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo): 理解和掌握同分母分?jǐn)?shù)加減法的算理和計(jì)算方法,能正確計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)單同分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法,解決簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)際問(wèn)題;過(guò)程與方法目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷探究同分母加減法的計(jì)算方法的過(guò)程。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的動(dòng)手操作能力、邏輯思維能力、口頭表達(dá)能力和計(jì)算能力。情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生感受到數(shù)學(xué)來(lái)與生活的密切聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)增強(qiáng)數(shù)學(xué)興趣。
一、教材分析本課是人教版3年級(jí)上冊(cè)數(shù)學(xué)第3單元的第1課時(shí),本課內(nèi)容是在學(xué)習(xí)了長(zhǎng)度單位米和厘米的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的,通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生對(duì)常用的長(zhǎng)度單位有一個(gè)比較完整的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)于今后學(xué)習(xí)面積單位和體積單位,發(fā)展學(xué)生的空間觀念具有重要意義。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo):根據(jù)對(duì)教材的理解,同時(shí)結(jié)合學(xué)生已有的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)和心理特征,制定如下教學(xué)目標(biāo):(1)、知識(shí)目標(biāo):認(rèn)識(shí)長(zhǎng)度單位毫米和分米, 初步建立1毫米和1分米的長(zhǎng)度觀念;知道1分米=10厘米,1厘米=10毫米,1米=10分米,并能進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)度單位間的簡(jiǎn)單換算。(2)、能力目標(biāo):通過(guò)估一估、量一量等活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學(xué)生的空間觀念、估測(cè)能力、動(dòng)手操作能力和推理能力。(3)、情感目標(biāo):經(jīng)歷實(shí)際測(cè)量的過(guò)程,體會(huì)長(zhǎng)度單位在日常生活中的應(yīng)用,感受數(shù)學(xué)和生活的密切聯(lián)系,體驗(yàn)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)趣。
一、說(shuō)教材本課內(nèi)容是人教版義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書(shū)三年級(jí)上冊(cè)90頁(yè)到91頁(yè)內(nèi)容。這部分內(nèi)容是學(xué)生在掌握了萬(wàn)以內(nèi)整數(shù)知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的。從整數(shù)到分?jǐn)?shù)是數(shù)的概念的一次擴(kuò)展,又是學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)數(shù)的概念的一次質(zhì)的飛躍。無(wú)論是意義,還是讀寫(xiě)方法、計(jì)算方法,分?jǐn)?shù)和整數(shù)都有很大的差異。因此,教材將分?jǐn)?shù)的知識(shí)分段教學(xué)。本學(xué)段是分?jǐn)?shù)的初步認(rèn)識(shí),這節(jié)課是認(rèn)識(shí)幾分之一。認(rèn)識(shí)幾分之一是本單元教學(xué)內(nèi)容的核心。二、說(shuō)學(xué)情分析在此之前,學(xué)生在生活中可能接觸過(guò)二分之一這樣的分?jǐn)?shù),但并不理解它的含義。分?jǐn)?shù)的產(chǎn)生是從平均分某個(gè)不可分的單位開(kāi)始的,學(xué)生生活中已經(jīng)有這樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如,媽媽把一個(gè)月餅平均分成兩份給弟弟和妹妹,每人分得半個(gè)月餅。但學(xué)生不會(huì)用分?jǐn)?shù)來(lái)表述。所以,教學(xué)中我特別注意從學(xué)生已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā),在豐富的操作活動(dòng)中主動(dòng)去獲取分?jǐn)?shù)的相關(guān)知識(shí)。
一、說(shuō)教材 在學(xué)習(xí)本課前,學(xué)生對(duì)筆算整數(shù)加減法已經(jīng)熟練掌握,并且以元、角、分等常用計(jì)量單位的知識(shí)作為學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)的形象支撐,已經(jīng)初步認(rèn)識(shí)了小數(shù),也為學(xué)習(xí)本課做了有力的鋪墊。加、減法結(jié)合元角進(jìn)行教學(xué),以便于學(xué)生聯(lián)系實(shí)際來(lái)初步學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)的加減。本節(jié)課內(nèi)容是為以后系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)打下基礎(chǔ)。小數(shù)在生活中應(yīng)用廣泛,是生活的濃縮和提煉,具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的意義,可以迅速達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的,有利于學(xué)生體會(huì)處處有數(shù)學(xué),融生活課堂于一體。數(shù)學(xué)的價(jià)值得到淋漓盡致的體現(xiàn)。根據(jù)本課所處的地位和作用以及學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn),我制定了以下教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
一、說(shuō)教材《分?jǐn)?shù)的簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用》是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)三年級(jí)上冊(cè)第八單元的知識(shí)。教材安排主要是先讓學(xué)生理解一個(gè)物體或者幾個(gè)物體都可以當(dāng)成一個(gè)整體進(jìn)行平均分,會(huì)把一個(gè)整體平均分為幾部分,選擇其中的幾部分。根據(jù)學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)背景及課本的知識(shí)特點(diǎn),本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)定為:1、知識(shí)與技能:經(jīng)歷解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程,能根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)的含義,利用整數(shù)乘、除法來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。2、過(guò)程與方法:通過(guò)分一分、拿一拿,理解情境中的數(shù)量關(guān)系,探求解決求一個(gè)數(shù)的幾分之幾的方法.3、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:感悟數(shù)形結(jié)合的思想,初步了解分?jǐn)?shù)的在實(shí)際生活中的應(yīng)用和價(jià)值。本課教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)是:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)含義分析數(shù)量關(guān)系,并用整數(shù)乘除法來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。
1、教學(xué)內(nèi)容本節(jié)課是人教版數(shù)學(xué)教材三年級(jí)下冊(cè)第二單元《除數(shù)是一位數(shù)的除法》第二小節(jié)《筆算除法》的第一課時(shí)——《“一位數(shù)除兩位數(shù) 商是兩位數(shù)”的筆算除法》。2、教材分析本節(jié)課是整數(shù)除法的相關(guān)知識(shí),學(xué)這一內(nèi)容之前,學(xué)生已經(jīng)具備了口算除法和除法豎式的基礎(chǔ),所以,學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)已具備同化新知的基礎(chǔ),我認(rèn)為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)本課內(nèi)容是可行的,但是具有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性。學(xué)了這一內(nèi)容后,為學(xué)生掌握除數(shù)是兩位數(shù)的除法,學(xué)習(xí)除數(shù)是多位數(shù)的除法奠定了扎實(shí)的知識(shí)和思維基礎(chǔ),讓學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中理解筆算除法的算理,探索用豎式計(jì)算的合理程序。體現(xiàn)了義務(wù)教育為學(xué)生終生發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)這一理念,是學(xué)生在以后學(xué)習(xí)和工作中解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)。
一、說(shuō)教材小數(shù)的初步認(rèn)識(shí)是在學(xué)生熟練地掌握了分?jǐn)?shù)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。本課內(nèi)容包括認(rèn)識(shí)一位小數(shù)、兩位小數(shù)和它的讀、寫(xiě)法。認(rèn)識(shí)一位小數(shù)和兩位小數(shù)是小數(shù)的初步認(rèn)識(shí)中最基礎(chǔ)的知識(shí),學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)不僅為學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確清晰地理解小數(shù)的含義,也為今后系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)的知識(shí)打下基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí),小數(shù)的知識(shí)在實(shí)際生活中應(yīng)用較廣泛,有利于學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)技能來(lái)解決一些實(shí)際的問(wèn)題。學(xué)情分析:小學(xué)三年級(jí)的學(xué)生對(duì)小數(shù)并不是全然不知,在日常生活中已經(jīng)有所接觸,但由于小數(shù)是分?jǐn)?shù)的另一種表現(xiàn)形式,其意義具有一定程度的抽象性,學(xué)生要深刻理解小數(shù)的意義,還有一定的困難,針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)狀,教學(xué)中應(yīng)充分考慮學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),利用生活與數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)的契合點(diǎn),重視直觀、引導(dǎo)、注重啟發(fā),利用小數(shù)與分?jǐn)?shù)之間的聯(lián)系,讓學(xué)生親歷小數(shù)的形成過(guò)程。
一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容本節(jié)課是人教版三年級(jí)下冊(cè)第二單元第一課時(shí)(口算除法)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。二、知識(shí)背景《口算除法》是在學(xué)生掌握了表內(nèi)乘、除法,一位數(shù)乘多位數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的,為后面學(xué)生掌握除數(shù)是兩位數(shù)的除法,學(xué)習(xí)除數(shù)是多位數(shù)的除法奠定了扎實(shí)的知識(shí)和思維基礎(chǔ)。本節(jié)課教材在編排上注意體現(xiàn)新的教學(xué)理念,將計(jì)算教學(xué)與解決問(wèn)題相結(jié)合,讓學(xué)生感受到學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的實(shí)用價(jià)值。本節(jié)課教材安排了主題圖和例1,主題圖為我們提供的資源是一幅運(yùn)送蔬菜的場(chǎng)景圖,通過(guò)小精靈的問(wèn)題“你能提出什么問(wèn)題?”引出除數(shù)是一位數(shù)的口算除法。三、教學(xué)目標(biāo):知識(shí)與技能1、理解掌握口算整十、整百、整千數(shù)除以一位數(shù)的算理,能正確熟練地口算。2、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主探究能力、抽象概括能力、解決問(wèn)題的能力、數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)能力和滲透轉(zhuǎn)化、遷移類推的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。過(guò)程與方法以學(xué)生為主體,引導(dǎo)其獨(dú)立思考,合作交流,共同探討一位數(shù)除整十整百數(shù)的口算方法和算理。
尊敬的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、老師:大家好!我今天說(shuō)課的內(nèi)容是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)三年級(jí)下冊(cè)第四單元《兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的不進(jìn)位筆算》一課,我將從以下幾個(gè)方面對(duì)本課進(jìn)行闡述:一、說(shuō)教材《兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的不進(jìn)位筆算》是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)三年級(jí)下冊(cè)第四單元的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。這部分內(nèi)容是在筆算兩、三位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的,只是把第二個(gè)因數(shù)擴(kuò)展到了兩位數(shù)。兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的不進(jìn)位筆算重點(diǎn)要解決的是乘的順序問(wèn)題和第二部分積的書(shū)寫(xiě)位置問(wèn)題,使學(xué)生掌握基本的乘法筆算方法。為學(xué)習(xí)兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的進(jìn)位筆算、多位數(shù)乘多位數(shù)的筆算打基礎(chǔ)。因此,本課是是本單元的重點(diǎn),對(duì)今后進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)起著舉足輕重的作用。二、說(shuō)教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)是教材的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和歸宿,也是檢查教學(xué)效果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和尺度。從教育學(xué)的角度來(lái)講教學(xué)目標(biāo)應(yīng)在基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、能力培養(yǎng)、思想品質(zhì)三方面進(jìn)行明確。所以本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是:
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語(yǔ)。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
當(dāng)孩子們由父母陪同時(shí),他們才被允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。3.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的幾種特殊情況(1)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))在句中作時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間、條件、原因及讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看,整個(gè)城市看起來(lái)更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘,我們會(huì)完美地完成這項(xiàng)工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動(dòng),她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風(fēng)暴的到來(lái),但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)干活。(2)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可改為句子的并列謂語(yǔ)或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟著兩個(gè)學(xué)生,老師走進(jìn)了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母親陪著度過(guò)了一整個(gè)下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報(bào)紙報(bào)道說(shuō)有一百多人在暴風(fēng)雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí),以及by、before后面接過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí),主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的時(shí)間之前且表示被動(dòng)時(shí),要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,條件句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,且主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點(diǎn)得到他的指示,我早就完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點(diǎn)的話,我就不會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會(huì),你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到他的。