The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語(yǔ))2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語(yǔ))3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語(yǔ))4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語(yǔ))5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語(yǔ))Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不僅可以用來(lái)表目的,還可以用來(lái)作定語(yǔ),表修飾。
另一方面,其余的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來(lái)。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)來(lái)探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來(lái),年輕人過(guò)度依賴手機(jī)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)對(duì)他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來(lái)指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下情況寫(xiě)一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Step 3 Meaning1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來(lái)有一天他們能再見(jiàn)面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語(yǔ)中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開(kāi)始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來(lái)計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說(shuō)她本來(lái)想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
一、教材分析《加強(qiáng)思想道德建設(shè)》是人教版高中政治必修一《文化生活》第十課第一框題的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。主要學(xué)習(xí)加強(qiáng)思想道德建設(shè)的原因和要求,在前后兩個(gè)框題中起到了承上啟下的作用。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識(shí)目標(biāo)識(shí)記:社會(huì)主義思想道德建設(shè)的主要內(nèi)容。理解:加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義思想道德建設(shè)的主要內(nèi)容必要性和重要性分析:社會(huì)主義榮辱觀的特點(diǎn),以及它和加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義思想道德建設(shè)的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。 2、能力目標(biāo)通過(guò)對(duì)社會(huì)主義榮辱觀的特點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí),提高學(xué)生多角度認(rèn)識(shí)和分析問(wèn)題的能力。3、情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):通過(guò)本課的學(xué)習(xí),提高對(duì)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義思想道德建設(shè)的認(rèn)識(shí),自覺(jué)樹(shù)立社會(huì)主義榮辱觀,做“明榮知恥”的中學(xué)生。三、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):為什么要加強(qiáng)思想道德建設(shè)。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):怎樣加強(qiáng)思想道德建設(shè)。
寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo):第一題要求寫(xiě)出自然美,在自然美中融進(jìn)自己的感情。小路、流水、山巒、森林、天空、大?!际菍?shí)體事物,因此首先要求用寫(xiě)生的辦法把它們表現(xiàn)出來(lái),要寫(xiě)得準(zhǔn)確,寫(xiě)出它們的特點(diǎn)和個(gè)性,尤其是寫(xiě)出它們的美。同時(shí),也要把贊美之情不落痕跡地融化在描寫(xiě)之中。第二題是寫(xiě)一幅風(fēng)景畫(huà)或一張風(fēng)景照片中的自然美景,以及美景中的一些細(xì)節(jié),同時(shí)把自己心動(dòng)的感覺(jué)寫(xiě)出來(lái)。在這里,關(guān)鍵是找到畫(huà)或照片中的美,找到心動(dòng)的感覺(jué),如果找到了,再用文字把這美和感覺(jué)表達(dá)出來(lái)。當(dāng)然,寫(xiě)風(fēng)景美和寫(xiě)自己的感覺(jué)應(yīng)是乳水交融的。第三題是用動(dòng)情的筆墨把自己的一種經(jīng)歷寫(xiě)出來(lái)。這些經(jīng)歷似乎都是細(xì)節(jié),都不是驚天動(dòng)地的大事。是細(xì)節(jié),就容易碰到,在題目列舉的四種中,學(xué)生不難找到。即使不在這四種中,也可以,只要這種經(jīng)歷給了自己心靈以震撼或潛移默化的影響。
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生以一顆真摯的童心、愛(ài)心面對(duì)大自然,促使學(xué)生的心靈與大自然親切交流。2.使學(xué)生明確寫(xiě)景文章的寫(xiě)作范圍、寫(xiě)作重點(diǎn)、構(gòu)思技巧。二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)明確話題,寫(xiě)景抓住特征,注重感情。三、教學(xué)方法多重對(duì)話法四、教學(xué)過(guò)程1.導(dǎo)入語(yǔ):自然是人類生活的環(huán)境,是人類賴以生存的基礎(chǔ)。人類不僅在物質(zhì)上需要大地母親的哺育,而且在精神上也需要向自然尋求依托。當(dāng)知時(shí)節(jié)的春雨飄落大地時(shí),當(dāng)秋風(fēng)吹來(lái)誘人的果香時(shí),感到喜悅、幸福的決不僅是農(nóng)民;過(guò)去的政治家、文學(xué)家,每當(dāng)失意的時(shí)候,就會(huì)寄情山林;就是我們中學(xué)生,當(dāng)不堪學(xué)習(xí)重負(fù),感到身心疲憊的時(shí)候,去野外踏青,不也能愉悅身心嗎?可以說(shuō)人對(duì)自然的情懷是與生俱來(lái)的。但不同的人,對(duì)自然的感悟有深淺不同,情趣有高下之分。“萬(wàn)類霜天競(jìng)自由”的感悟,“大漠孤煙直”的審美不是人人都能有的。2.面對(duì)大自然,通過(guò)什么樣的手段來(lái)促使我們的感悟、審美向高深方向發(fā)展呢?哪位同學(xué)說(shuō)說(shuō)。
“千載琵琶作胡語(yǔ),分明怨恨曲中論。”“怨恨”兩字點(diǎn)明全篇主旨。千百年來(lái),琵琶所演奏的總是從匈奴傳來(lái)的撩人愁思的胡樂(lè),正是昭君在訴說(shuō)著她的怨恨!這兩句從側(cè)面烘托昭君的形象,既有對(duì)她的贊揚(yáng),又有對(duì)她的同情。讀到這里,我們的耳邊好像又響起了那深沉、幽怨的琵琶聲!5、這首詩(shī)寫(xiě)的是昭君的怨恨,但首聯(lián)一開(kāi)始并沒(méi)有寫(xiě)她的怨恨,寫(xiě)的是什么?這樣寫(xiě)的目的又是什么?明確:群山萬(wàn)壑赴荊門(mén)山是群山起伏,連綿不絕;水是萬(wàn)壑爭(zhēng)流,奔騰不息,直赴荊門(mén)山。其中的“赴”字用了擬人的手法,把迤邐不絕的千山萬(wàn)壑陡然間寫(xiě)活了,既有飛動(dòng)之勢(shì),又有變幻之姿。從側(cè)面烘托昭君的形象。兩千多年前,一個(gè)青年女子遠(yuǎn)離父母之邦,嫁到異域,并在那里度過(guò)一生,確實(shí)需要巨大的勇氣和毅力,而這雄偉的山川簡(jiǎn)直就是她那堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的性格的象征。6、佳句鑒賞(這首詩(shī)歌當(dāng)中,我認(rèn)為有兩句詩(shī)寫(xiě)得非常美,我自己很喜歡,不知道有沒(méi)有同道中人?)
1、變換角度,多向思維(多向思維要求思維能針對(duì)問(wèn)題,從不同角度,用多種方法去思考問(wèn)題。對(duì)于作文而言,就是要使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)同一問(wèn)題,同一素材,同一題目,同一體裁的不同進(jìn)行區(qū)分。)請(qǐng)學(xué)生從這則材料中分析出幾個(gè)角度,準(zhǔn)備課堂交流:19世紀(jì)法國(guó)著名科幻小說(shuō)家儒勒?凡爾納,一生寫(xiě)了104部科幻小說(shuō)。當(dāng)初他的第一部科幻小說(shuō)《氣球上的星期五》接連被15家出版社退回。他當(dāng)時(shí)既痛苦又氣憤,打算將稿子付之一炬。他妻子奪過(guò)書(shū)稿,給他以鼓勵(lì)。于是他嘗試著走進(jìn)第16家出版社。經(jīng)理赫哲爾閱讀后,當(dāng)即表示同意出版,還與儒勒?凡爾納簽訂了為期20年的寫(xiě)作出版合同。這則材料敘述時(shí)沒(méi)有一定的中心,屬于開(kāi)發(fā)性材料,分析材料中人物、人物關(guān)系、故事的不同側(cè)面,可以從不同角度得出結(jié)論:
虛構(gòu)不等于說(shuō)假話。它是一種源于生活,但高于生活的藝術(shù)真實(shí)。我們可以舉個(gè)例子:我國(guó)公認(rèn)的最權(quán)威最真實(shí)的史書(shū)是——《史記》,那么,大家認(rèn)為《史記》里有沒(méi)有虛構(gòu)呢?有。必修一的《鴻門(mén)宴》里就有虛構(gòu)。大家想:司馬遷是哪個(gè)朝代的人?西漢漢武帝時(shí)。劉邦項(xiàng)羽是哪個(gè)朝代的?秦末時(shí)期。那司馬遷不可能坐時(shí)光穿梭機(jī)到秦末去參加鴻門(mén)宴吧?既然他沒(méi)不在場(chǎng),那課文《鴻門(mén)宴》里人物的語(yǔ)言、動(dòng)作、甚至是表情從何而來(lái)呢?對(duì),是司馬遷根據(jù)有限的史料加以補(bǔ)充,想象、虛構(gòu)出來(lái)的。那么,同學(xué)們?cè)趯?xiě)作文時(shí),也可以不必拘泥于親身經(jīng)歷的事情,畢竟生活是平淡的,畢竟大家的生活閱歷也有限,有時(shí)候,我們發(fā)揮想象、虛構(gòu)一個(gè)故事來(lái)反映生活的真實(shí),也許更生動(dòng)、也更典型。所以,近年來(lái)高考試卷中都提示考生:作文可以大膽想象,編寫(xiě)故事。按照編故事的方式不同,我們的虛構(gòu)性作文又可以寫(xiě)哪些類型呢:小說(shuō),散文,童話,寓言,科幻,故事新編……
《貧寒是福天道酬勤石智勇從挫折中奮起》也許是自幼的貧寒生活塑造了石智勇內(nèi)向的性格,即使是胸掛金燦燦的獎(jiǎng)牌接受全場(chǎng)觀眾歡呼,他的表情也是略顯羞澀的。小時(shí)候吃不飽肚皮的經(jīng)歷讓他至今在“最喜歡的東西”一欄還填寫(xiě)著“食物”二字,而“窮人的孩子早當(dāng)家”的堅(jiān)韌,卻又是促成他今日輝煌的動(dòng)力。中國(guó)舉重隊(duì)副總教練陳文斌賽后說(shuō)道:“智勇這幾年練得很苦,今天終于有了這樣的成績(jī),這是天道酬勤的結(jié)果。石智勇的奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌是中國(guó)男舉的一次突破,我們非常激動(dòng)?!痹谙ED神話里,命運(yùn)女神總是讓英雄歷經(jīng)磨難。石智勇也不例外。四年前的悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)前夕,他在一次訓(xùn)練中扭傷腳踝,失去了參賽機(jī)會(huì)?!爱?dāng)時(shí)我傷心極了,不敢看電視直播,我怕參賽的選手成績(jī)太低了。高點(diǎn)我還好一點(diǎn),自欺欺人一下說(shuō),哎呀好高,自己去了也拿不了冠軍,要是低了,自己沒(méi)去,失去冠軍機(jī)會(huì),心里痛啊。后來(lái)結(jié)果出來(lái),也不怎么高,心里真難受?!?/p>
4、主旨 哪一聯(lián)明確地點(diǎn)明全詩(shī)題旨?表達(dá)了作者的什么感情?試做分析 頸聯(lián)。 菊花開(kāi)在秋天,所以這 “ 叢菊 ” 回應(yīng)了詩(shī)題中那個(gè) “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指過(guò)去也可以指未來(lái),在這里是指過(guò)去。“叢菊兩開(kāi)”,指詩(shī)人于 765 年離開(kāi)成都,原打算很快出峽,但這年留居云安,次年又留居夔州,見(jiàn)到叢菊開(kāi)了兩次,還未出峽,故對(duì)菊掉淚。秋菊兩度盛開(kāi),使詩(shī)人再次灑下往日流過(guò)的眼淚?!伴_(kāi)”字雙關(guān),一謂菊花開(kāi),又言淚眼隨之開(kāi)。此時(shí)他仍然滯留在他鄉(xiāng),他始終沒(méi)有放棄回鄉(xiāng)的打算。孤舟可以系住,使其不能泛諸中流,但詩(shī)人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越過(guò)江河,越過(guò)關(guān)山,飛到了長(zhǎng)安。所以,一葉靠岸系繩的孤舟,始終都牽動(dòng)著詩(shī)人的故園之思。這一聯(lián)是全篇詩(shī)意所在。孤舟本來(lái)只能系住自己的行蹤,卻把詩(shī)人的思鄉(xiāng)之心也牢牢地系住了,故見(jiàn)舟傷心,引出故園之思,表現(xiàn)出思鄉(xiāng)之情的深沉濃烈和欲歸不得的無(wú)奈與凄傷,為文章的主旨句。
論證方法之引證法如何用好引證法:1.所引用的名言警句等針對(duì)性要強(qiáng)。每句名言都產(chǎn)生于特定的背景,都應(yīng)用于特定的交際目的,即使談同一個(gè)問(wèn)題,也有不少名言可供選取。2.要簡(jiǎn)潔,不宜過(guò)多。議論是在發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解而不是在介紹他人的見(jiàn)解。引用他人的話,目的是為了讓讀者更加信服自己的話。3.要注意直接引用和間接引用的區(qū)別。直接引用務(wù)求文字、甚至標(biāo)點(diǎn)均準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;間接引用只須述其大意,但要注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換。論證方法之喻證法喻證法是用設(shè)喻來(lái)論證論點(diǎn)的方法。在議論文中,設(shè)喻可以使論點(diǎn)更易懂、更風(fēng)趣、更容易獲得讀者的認(rèn)同。喻證法能化抽象為具體、化艱深為淺顯、化枯燥為生動(dòng)。論證方法之喻證法如何用好喻證法:1.以小見(jiàn)大,就近取譬。要精選生活中細(xì)小的、人們熟悉的事物做為設(shè)喻的喻體。2.喻體不求形似,只求神似。做為喻證的喻體與做為比喻的喻體不同。比喻的喻體是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)特征,描繪事物,側(cè)重形似,以形比形;而喻證的喻體是為了闡發(fā)觀點(diǎn),以正視聽(tīng),力求神似,以義取形。
一、語(yǔ)文學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)能力的培養(yǎng)1.營(yíng)造氛圍,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)的意識(shí)。學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)能力是教師長(zhǎng)期培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果,而保護(hù)學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)的熱情,更是持續(xù)自我評(píng)價(jià)的保證。在我們的實(shí)際教育教學(xué)中,教師一直處于評(píng)價(jià)的絕對(duì)主體,很少去關(guān)注學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)和能力的培養(yǎng),學(xué)生常常不理解:為什么要認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講?為什么書(shū)寫(xiě)要工整、為什么發(fā)言要積極?為什么老師、父母對(duì)考試分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)有那么高的要求?當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生許多諸如“離家出走”、“毒殺親人”等教育、行為、品德方面的問(wèn)題,我想其中除了家長(zhǎng)、教師的評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)藝術(shù)等原因之外,學(xué)生的自我評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)的缺乏是根本的原因。所以我認(rèn)為,學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)刻不容緩。(1)熱情鼓勵(lì),提供成功的心理體驗(yàn)。在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,教師要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)、肯定學(xué)生自我評(píng)價(jià)的點(diǎn)滴進(jìn)步,對(duì)于他們每一點(diǎn)進(jìn)步都要真誠(chéng)熱情地鼓勵(lì)。讓學(xué)生覺(jué)得我這么做,這么想是對(duì)的。讓學(xué)生在教師的鼓勵(lì)中體會(huì)到強(qiáng)烈的愛(ài),感受到自己的進(jìn)步,增強(qiáng)自己的信心?!靶娜粼?,夢(mèng)就在!”教師的熱情鼓勵(lì)是一種強(qiáng)大的催化劑,促使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中樂(lè)于自我評(píng)價(jià)。
一、教材1、新教材對(duì)高中語(yǔ)文閱讀教學(xué)的要求高中語(yǔ)文新大綱中明確規(guī)定,高中語(yǔ)文教學(xué)要讓學(xué)生“掌握語(yǔ)文學(xué)習(xí)的基本方法,養(yǎng)成自學(xué)語(yǔ)文的習(xí)慣”,“為繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和終身發(fā)展打好基礎(chǔ)”,提出了“以閱讀教學(xué)為龍頭帶動(dòng)整個(gè)語(yǔ)文教育是一個(gè)標(biāo)本兼治的通途”,以多種渠道培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,以閱讀帶動(dòng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)寫(xiě)能力的全面提高。2、教材分析這篇文章是從美國(guó)著名的心理學(xué)家、社會(huì)學(xué)家弗羅姆《愛(ài)的藝術(shù)》中節(jié)選出來(lái)的,《愛(ài)的藝術(shù)》這本書(shū)闡釋了愛(ài)并不是一種與人的成熟程度無(wú)關(guān)的感情,而是一個(gè)能力的問(wèn)題,是一門(mén)通過(guò)訓(xùn)練自己的紀(jì)律、集中和耐心學(xué)到手的一門(mén)藝術(shù)。在這篇文章中,他從兒童成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程的角度闡述了父母之愛(ài)與孩童情感與心智成熟的關(guān)系,從心理學(xué)的角度闡述了愛(ài)作為一種改變社會(huì)的力量的心理基礎(chǔ)。全文10個(gè)小節(jié),闡述了一個(gè)嬰兒成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)“成熟的人”其心理結(jié)構(gòu)逐步變化的過(guò)程,并在最后指出,真正成熟的人應(yīng)該能夠綜合母愛(ài)與父愛(ài),唯其如此,才能夠使自己真正成為一個(gè)健康而成熟的靈魂。
(四)概括古代中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本特點(diǎn)從歷史地位、生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、基本特征、基本模式等幾方面,小組討論古代中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn),然后展示。1、歷史地位:中國(guó)是獨(dú)立發(fā)展、自成體系的世界農(nóng)業(yè)起源中心之一。2、生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu):種植業(yè)和家畜飼養(yǎng)業(yè)相結(jié)合,以種植業(yè)為主,家畜飼養(yǎng)業(yè)為輔。3、基本特征:農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)精耕細(xì)作。 4、基本模式:一家一戶的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。知識(shí)拓展:當(dāng)今中國(guó)農(nóng)村人口膨脹,農(nóng)民生活條件急需提高,如何處理好“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題是中國(guó)社會(huì)走向和諧健康發(fā)展的重要課題,回顧中國(guó)古代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程,結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,談?wù)勀愕目捶ê徒ㄗh。展示:1.因地制宜,發(fā)揮各地特色優(yōu)勢(shì)2、精耕細(xì)作和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)相結(jié)合; 3.保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,堅(jiān)持可持續(xù)發(fā)展;4.完善水利設(shè)施,政府重視。