教學(xué)目標(biāo): 1. Express preferences2. Talk about one’s likes and dislikes and the reasons3. Learn to express one’s opinions 4. Learn to write a reply 語言功能: 1) Talk about one’s preferences, using t he relative clause2) Talk about people’s likes and dislikes and the reasons3) Talk about opinions語言結(jié)構(gòu): Relative clauses with that and who語言目標(biāo):What kind of music do you like?I like music that I can sing along with.I love singers who write their own music.We prefer music that has great lyric.重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:heart, photography, interest, class, whatever, miss, okay, expect, sweet, taste, itself, laboratory, cancer, increase, biscuit, main, care, prefer… to…, remind somebody of …, dance to, sing along with, be sure to, interest somebody, make somebody adj., to be honest, suit somebody, on display, catch up教學(xué)重難點(diǎn):What do other people think of the different kinds of things? How to express one’s opinions? 學(xué)習(xí)方式:討論,合作學(xué)習(xí)情感目標(biāo):通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),能提高學(xué)生的藝術(shù)鑒賞能力和審美情趣,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣。課時(shí)安排5課時(shí)第一課時(shí):Section A: 1a-2c第二課時(shí):Section A : 3a-4第三課時(shí):Section B:1-2c, Self check2第四課時(shí):Section B: 3a-4, Self check1第五課時(shí):Self check ReadingI like music that I can dance to.
內(nèi)容提示1.本單元主要內(nèi)容是學(xué)會(huì)used to結(jié)構(gòu)。Used to +動(dòng)詞原形表示過去經(jīng)常、以前常常,只用于過去式中,用來表示現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣或狀態(tài)。例如:They used to play football together.他們過去常在一起蹋足球。(現(xiàn)在不在一起踢了)2.used to的疑問形式和否定形式為Did you use to…?和I didn’t use to… 也可以用Used you to…?和I used not to…但現(xiàn)在多使用前者。例如:Did you used to swim in the river? 你過去常在河里游泳嗎?I didn’t use to play the piano. 我以前并不經(jīng)常彈鋼琴。教學(xué)目標(biāo)一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)(Language Goal) 1.學(xué)會(huì)陳述自己過去常做的事情。2.學(xué)會(huì)陳述自己過去的愛好等。3.能夠表達(dá)自己現(xiàn)在和過去在外表、性格、娛樂等方面的變化。4.能夠表達(dá)朋友、家人等現(xiàn)在和過去的變化。二、語言結(jié)構(gòu)(Language Structures) 1.I used to be short when I was young. 我年輕時(shí)個(gè)子很矮。 2. —Did you use to have straight hair? 你過去是直發(fā)嗎?—Yes, I did. 是的。 3. —Did you use to play the piano? 你過去彈鋼琴嗎?—No, I didn’t. 不,我不彈。 4.I used to be afraid of dark. 我過去害怕黑暗。 5.I’m terrified of the snakes. 我害怕蛇。
內(nèi)容提示本單元主要內(nèi)容是學(xué)會(huì)利用verb十by/with gerund表示方式方法來討論學(xué)習(xí)英語的策略,認(rèn)識(shí)自己在學(xué)習(xí)方面的長處和不足。初步了解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成,主要表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響或造成的后果,常與already,yet,just,ever,never等副詞連用。教學(xué)目標(biāo)一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 學(xué)會(huì)討論各種學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 二、語言結(jié)構(gòu)(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+動(dòng)名詞短語 表示“通過…途徑,方法” 2. How questions have引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 三、目標(biāo)語言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎樣準(zhǔn)備考試的?Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦,我和同學(xué)們一起學(xué)習(xí)。2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾經(jīng)參加過學(xué)習(xí)小組嗎?Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,參加過。通過這種方式我學(xué)了許多。
Ⅰ. Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyoversleep(2) Target LanguageWhat happened?I overslept. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.2. Ability Objects(1) Teach the students to use the new words.(2) Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense.(3) Train the students' listening and speaking skills with the target language.3. Moral ObjectIt’s a good habit to go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning. So you’ll never be in a hurry in the morning.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularyoversleep2. Target LanguageNarrate past events with the Past Perfect TenseⅢ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Train the students to narrate past events with the Past Perfect Tense.2. Train the students to understand the target language in spoken conversation.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Thinking of examples from the students' real lives.2. Making sentences by looking at the pictures.Ⅴ. Teaching AidA tape recorderⅥ. Teaching ProceduresStep I Revision1. Revise the language points in Unit 8.Ask some questions like this: What volunteer work would you like to do?Help the students to answer, I’d like to…/I love to…/I hope to2. Practice the dialogue in Activity 3c on page 62 again. Get students to role play the similar dialogues with the following.
一、Section A該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊圍繞Whose volleyball is this? 這一話題展開思維( 1a)、聽力(1b)、口語( 1c)訓(xùn)練;第二模塊圍繞上一模塊中的話題進(jìn)行聽力( 2a-2b)、口語訓(xùn)練( 2c);第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞前兩個(gè)模塊中的“making inferences”展開訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練形式為閱讀排序( 3a)和兩人問答(3b);第四模塊仍就上一話題展開討論。二、Section B該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊要求根據(jù)圖畫和所提供的單詞寫出合理的句子;第二模塊在聽力( 2a-2b)和分角色口語訓(xùn)練( 2c)的基礎(chǔ)上,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行“推測”訓(xùn)練; 第三模塊圍繞“Strange events in Bell Tower neighborhood”這一話題展開閱讀( 3a)和寫作(3b -3c)訓(xùn)練;第四模塊以dream為話題展開小組活動(dòng)。三、Self Check該部分有3個(gè)模塊。第一模塊以填空形式對所學(xué)詞匯進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練;第二模塊就8個(gè)諺語展開閱讀和討論。
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
1. 教材分析本單元以how do things affect you?為話題, 從顏色、天氣、音樂、廣告、產(chǎn)品等方面談?wù)摿送饨缡挛锶绾斡绊懭说男那?。要求學(xué)生掌握表達(dá)某物或某事給人帶來的感覺、看法或影響等。共設(shè)計(jì)了四個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容:Section A 該部分有4個(gè)模塊:第一模塊圍繞Which restaurant would you like to go to?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓(xùn)練;第二模塊圍繞How does music affect you? 進(jìn)行聽力(2a-2b)、口語訓(xùn)練(2c);第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞how do colors in the restaurant affect you這一話題展開訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)練形式為閱讀和問題體驗(yàn)(3a)和小組活動(dòng)(3b);第四模塊仍就How do things affect you這一話題以調(diào)查的形式展開討論。Section B該部分有4個(gè)模塊:第一模塊圍繞產(chǎn)品廣告對人們的影響這一話題以“配對”(1a)與“列舉”(1b)兩種形式展開訓(xùn)練;第二模塊繼續(xù)圍繞How do things affect you? 進(jìn)行聽力(2a-2b)、口語對話訓(xùn)練(2c);第三模塊圍繞“Advertising”這一話題展開閱讀(3a-3b)和寫作(3c)訓(xùn)練;第四模塊圍繞How posters affect you這一話題以口語訓(xùn)練形式展開小組活動(dòng)。
Step Ⅰ RevisionCheck homework. Ask a few students to read the article in 3a.Then ask a few students to read their guides.Step Ⅱ Part 1Look at the words in the box. Ask a student to read them. Make sure the students understand the meaning of the words. You are to fill in the blanks with the words. In some cases, students may need to use another form of the word, for example adjusting for tense or subject/ verb agreement.Ask students to fill in the blanks on their own.Check the answers. Step ⅢPart 2Go through the instructions with the class.Look at the example with the students.Ask students what the answer would be.Ask a student to read the question and answer it.Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is, please?The bank is across the street from the shopping malt.Get students to complete the work in pairs.Check the answers. Ask a few students to read their questions.Step Ⅳ Just for Fun!Ask all the students to read the conversation. Ask: What is funny about this cartoon? Help students to explain. A Martian is a person from the planet Mars.There is no such thing as Martian food on Earth, and the clerk looks silly because he is trying to think of where there is a Martian restaurant.Invite some pairs of students to present this conversation to the rest of the class.Step Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkIn this class, we’ve done much writing practice using the key vocabulary words and the target language presented in this unit. After class, please finish the questions in 2 in your exercise books. Then finish the exercises on pages 47~48 of the workbook as well.The Seventh Period Ⅰ Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyimage, adventure, jealousy, hero, crime, journey, brave, no longer, show interest in, take it easy, become interested in, plain looks(2)Text:Grown-ups like cartoons, too.2. Ability Objects(1) Fast-reading to get a general idea of the text.(2) Careful-reading to get the detailed information in the text.
Talk about offering help (P60)I’ll help clean up the city parks.A: I’d like to work ...B: You could help ...Talk about ways to tell people about the Clean-Up Day (P61)We need to ...We can’t ...I’ll ...Talk about the work the volunteers do (P62)These three students all volunteer their time to help other people.Somebody loves to ... / helps ... / plans to ... / wants to ...A: What do you like doing?B: I like ... A: What kind of volunteer work do you think I could do?B: You could ...1. 重點(diǎn)詞匯advertisement, fix, repair, pleasure, blind, deaf, shut, carry, specially, fetch2. 認(rèn)讀詞匯hunger, homeless, cheer, clean-up, sign, establish, major, commitment, elementary, veterinarian, coach, similar, call-in, strategy, disabled, organization, unable, support, appreciate, donation, part of speech, pronoun, adverb, preposition, conjunction, donate, Jimmy, Sally3. 詞組clean up, cheer up, give out, put off, set up, think up, take after, fix up, give away, put up, hand out, work out, at once
本單元主要圍繞著有關(guān)瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物這一話題,學(xué)習(xí)了應(yīng)該怎樣保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境,以及就某一問題展開辯論。目標(biāo)提示語言目標(biāo)能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),就某一問題展開辯論。認(rèn)知目標(biāo)1、復(fù)習(xí)一些語法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、用used to 表示一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2、學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)同意和不同意。3、學(xué)會(huì)以下基本句型:We’re trying to save the manatees.Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day.There used to be a lot of manatees.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered.Some of the swamps have become polluted.情感目標(biāo)了解一些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物的生活習(xí)性和瀕臨滅絕的原因,教育學(xué)生應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)環(huán)境。教學(xué)提示充分利用多媒體等教學(xué)設(shè)備,創(chuàng)設(shè)與本課話題相關(guān)的情境,如各種不同種類的動(dòng)物、動(dòng)物園以及有關(guān)環(huán)境的畫畫等等。圍繞著本單元的教學(xué)目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)一些貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際的教學(xué)任務(wù),如讓學(xué)生談?wù)撟约鹤钕矚g的動(dòng)物,如何拯救瀕危動(dòng)物,如何保護(hù)環(huán)境等等。讓學(xué)生根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí),就動(dòng)物園是否對動(dòng)物有利以及其他的話題進(jìn)行辯論。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1. 掌握本單元一些重點(diǎn)詞匯的寫法和用法。2. 學(xué)會(huì)自如談?wù)摬妥蓝Y儀。Step 1 RevisionAsk some students to retell the customs at the table in France in the passage in 3a.Step 2 Self checkPart 1. Fill in each bland with the correct word given. Students do the exercises by themselves at first. Then check the answers. Ask the students to comprehend the sentences and help them point out uses of some words, like “arrive (at / in) sw., spend time / money on sth , spend time / money (in) doing sth.”Part 2. Read about Fan Ling’s experience in a western restaurant. Understand the passage. Point out some key points in the passage.1. be / get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事2. begin with = start with 以….開頭3. crowd v. 擠滿,塞滿 the crowd 人群 crowded adj. 擁擠的Then students discuss about how she would solve her problem. Ask some to share their stories with others.Part 3. Complete the crossword by looking at the sentences on the left. Then check the answers.
(1)巨額的賠款,是列強(qiáng)對中國空前的大規(guī)模勒索;為支付這筆巨額賠款,清政府加緊搜刮人民,使人民生活更加貧困,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)更加凋敝。(2)在北京設(shè)立的“使館界”,實(shí)際上是“國中之國”,是帝國主義策劃侵略中國的大本營。外國侵略者控制京津地區(qū),使清政府完全處于外國軍隊(duì)的控制之下,便于侵略者直接派兵鎮(zhèn)壓中國人民的反帝斗爭。(3)按照條約規(guī)定,清朝官吏嚴(yán)厲鎮(zhèn)壓中國人民的反帝斗爭,進(jìn)一步成為帝國主義的幫兇。(4)改設(shè)外務(wù)部的規(guī)定,便于清政府能夠按照外國侵略者的意旨實(shí)行賣國的外交政策?!缎脸髼l約》是帝國主義強(qiáng)加給中國的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的不平等條約,列強(qiáng)除了窮兇極惡地對中國敲詐勒索外,還重新確立了以慈禧太后為首的清政府繼續(xù)充當(dāng)它們在華的代理人。
這三大措施是美國在冷戰(zhàn)初期的核心內(nèi)容,是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)美國的霸權(quán)政策而提出。它們體現(xiàn)了美國充分利用了意識(shí)形態(tài)差異的來其實(shí)現(xiàn)其全球霸權(quán)的意圖。把握住這些核心內(nèi)容將有助于掌握二戰(zhàn)后的國際形勢的發(fā)展。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):兩極格局對二戰(zhàn)后國際關(guān)系發(fā)展的影響二戰(zhàn)改變國際的主要政治力量,隨著國家利益和意識(shí)形態(tài)沖突,美蘇兩大國由合作走向分裂,逐步形成了戰(zhàn)后的兩極格局。在此政治格局之下,避免了新的世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),世界相對穩(wěn)定,但兩強(qiáng)相爭,又使得世界長期不得安寧。美蘇之間的關(guān)系影響到了其他各種關(guān)系的發(fā)展,認(rèn)清此格局的影響對于認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)時(shí)和今天的國際關(guān)系具有重大的意義。三、教學(xué)內(nèi)容安排(1學(xué)時(shí))第一目“從盟友到對手”教學(xué)要點(diǎn):雅爾塔體系的確立;戰(zhàn)后初期的形勢;杜魯門主義的提出。第二目“美蘇‘冷戰(zhàn)’”教學(xué)要點(diǎn):馬歇爾計(jì)劃與經(jīng)濟(jì)互助委員會(huì);北約與華約兩大軍事政治集團(tuán)的對峙。第三目“‘冷戰(zhàn)’陰影下的國際關(guān)系”
對于教材最后一段內(nèi)容,設(shè)計(jì)如下一個(gè)課堂研討題。讓學(xué)生課前查找有關(guān)資料,在主動(dòng)獲取知識(shí)的過程中,對比17、18世紀(jì)中國和歐洲的歷史,了解為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同的發(fā)展趨勢?【課堂研討】17、18世紀(jì)中國和歐洲的封建國家都進(jìn)行了加強(qiáng)君主專制的改革措施。如東方有康熙大帝,西方有路易“太陽王”,他們都使中、法兩國進(jìn)入到封建的鼎盛時(shí)代。但改革卻在中國和歐洲產(chǎn)生了不同影響。這是為什么?通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)或有關(guān)論著,查找有關(guān)資料讓學(xué)生發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。啟示:17、18世紀(jì)的中國在政治上空前強(qiáng)化君主專制,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上重農(nóng)抑商,在外交上閉關(guān)鎖國,影響了中國資本主義萌芽的正常發(fā)展;文化上文字獄,禁錮了文化。17、18世紀(jì)的歐洲在政治上加強(qiáng)君主專制來反對羅馬教廷的控制,卻實(shí)行君主開明專制;在經(jīng)濟(jì)上實(shí)行重商主義;在外交上鼓勵(lì)對外擴(kuò)張,促進(jìn)了資本主義在歐洲的發(fā)展;文化上,啟蒙思想蓬勃發(fā)展。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):知識(shí)與能力:掌握皇帝制度建立的條件、主要內(nèi)容、特征和歷史影響;掌握秦朝三公九卿的設(shè)置和職責(zé),評價(jià)秦中央官制的特征和影響;掌握秦朝郡縣制全面推行的背景、概況和影響;分析理解秦朝中央集權(quán)制度的創(chuàng)立,對秦朝及后世歷史發(fā)展起到的積極作用和負(fù)面影響。分析中央集權(quán)制度對中國社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的作用及影響過程與方法:(1)歷史插圖學(xué)習(xí)法:利用人物畫像,文物圖片,歷史專題片,感知?dú)v史表象,再造歷史形象,對歷史人物加深記憶和理解。(2)閱讀法、討論法、繪制示意圖法(3)評價(jià)人物和事件的方法:情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:(1)秦的統(tǒng)一結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國以來諸侯割據(jù)稱雄的分裂局面,為我國統(tǒng)一多民族國家的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ),符合歷史發(fā)展的要求和人民的愿望,大一統(tǒng)思想從此深入人心。
一、 教學(xué)目標(biāo) (一)知識(shí)與能力通過了解多極化趨勢和對世界的影響、歐盟的形成和擴(kuò)展、日本成為經(jīng)濟(jì)大國的過程和原因、中國和第三世界的崛起等基本史實(shí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合探究和歸納知識(shí)的能力(二)過程與方法以合作學(xué)習(xí)的“創(chuàng)設(shè)情境—目標(biāo)顯示—自學(xué)嘗試—合作學(xué)習(xí)—成果匯報(bào)—總結(jié)評價(jià)”模式為主線,以學(xué)生自主探究活動(dòng)為主體,以教師點(diǎn)撥為主導(dǎo),以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和能力為中心,來優(yōu)化課堂教學(xué)。教師創(chuàng)設(shè)重大國際事件的情境,讓學(xué)生親自探索各個(gè)主要國家對朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭立場和態(tài)度的決策,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解讀歷史信息能力,并能夠根據(jù)自身的實(shí)際情況和外部環(huán)境,正確應(yīng)對重大事件。 (三)情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀提高學(xué)生對二戰(zhàn)后美蘇兩極以外的各種政治經(jīng)濟(jì)力量增長的認(rèn)識(shí),初步理解世界多極化趨勢的形成及影響,樹立世界走向多極化是不可阻擋的歷史潮流的價(jià)值判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
展示幻燈片17、19——21視頻18,了解與中國建交的17個(gè)國家的概況,說明這是新中國成立后外交上取得的首次突破。 第一個(gè)和中國建交的非社會(huì)主義國家印度繼承了英帝國主義在中國的特權(quán),建國后中印雙方多次就西藏問題進(jìn)行談判,正是在這一過程中周總理創(chuàng)造性地提出了和平共處五項(xiàng)原則。 成就2和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的提出 展示幻燈片22、23及視頻24 探究:和平共處五項(xiàng)原則形成的過程是怎樣的?內(nèi)容是什么?有何意義? 結(jié)論(一)三個(gè)提出過程,強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)是首次提出 (二)內(nèi)容及其修訂 (三)意義:標(biāo)志著新中國外交的成熟;它為開創(chuàng)中國外交新局面奠定了基礎(chǔ);在世界上也產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響,成為解決國與國之間問題的基本準(zhǔn)則。 展示幻燈片25、26 問題情境3:三、步入世界外交舞臺(tái)
(四)概括古代中國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本特點(diǎn)從歷史地位、生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、基本特征、基本模式等幾方面,小組討論古代中國農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn),然后展示。1、歷史地位:中國是獨(dú)立發(fā)展、自成體系的世界農(nóng)業(yè)起源中心之一。2、生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu):種植業(yè)和家畜飼養(yǎng)業(yè)相結(jié)合,以種植業(yè)為主,家畜飼養(yǎng)業(yè)為輔。3、基本特征:農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)精耕細(xì)作。 4、基本模式:一家一戶的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。知識(shí)拓展:當(dāng)今中國農(nóng)村人口膨脹,農(nóng)民生活條件急需提高,如何處理好“三農(nóng)”問題是中國社會(huì)走向和諧健康發(fā)展的重要課題,回顧中國古代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程,結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,談?wù)勀愕目捶ê徒ㄗh。展示:1.因地制宜,發(fā)揮各地特色優(yōu)勢2、精耕細(xì)作和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)相結(jié)合; 3.保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,堅(jiān)持可持續(xù)發(fā)展;4.完善水利設(shè)施,政府重視。
1、知識(shí)與能力:知道諸子百家,認(rèn)識(shí)春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期“百家爭鳴”局面形成的重要意義;了解孔子、孟子和荀子的主要觀點(diǎn),理解儒家思想的形成。2、過程與方法:適度引入古代中國政治發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)文化方面的材料 ,啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考百家爭鳴局面形成的重要意義。以列表的方法,從時(shí)代、主要觀點(diǎn)、影響等方面,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納孔子、孟子和荀子的主要內(nèi)容。以百家爭鳴為主題,組織學(xué)生談一談繼承中國傳統(tǒng)文化思想的認(rèn)識(shí)和感受。組織一次“我讀《論語》的讀書活動(dòng)”。3、情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:感受中國古代思想的博大精深:通過學(xué)習(xí)早期儒家的民本思想,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的人文關(guān)懷精神;了解儒家文化是我國傳統(tǒng)文化的最主要部分,認(rèn)識(shí)其在世界文化史上的地位和對后世的影響;聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí),使學(xué)生正確對待儒家傳統(tǒng)文化,發(fā)揮其在當(dāng)代的積極意義。
師:在科學(xué)發(fā)展過程中,前一個(gè)理論體系的不完善之處,往往是新的研究和新的發(fā)現(xiàn)的突破口。開普勒之后,意大利天文學(xué)家伽利略創(chuàng)制了天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡,用更加精確的觀察繼續(xù)發(fā)展和驗(yàn)證哥白尼創(chuàng)立的新天文學(xué)理論。除了用望遠(yuǎn)鏡進(jìn)行天文觀察以外,伽利略還開始進(jìn)行自然科學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,哪位同學(xué)能給大家講一講伽利略在比薩斜塔上所作的關(guān)于物體自由下落的實(shí)驗(yàn)?生:(講述這一實(shí)驗(yàn))師:所以,伽利略在科學(xué)方面更加重要的貢獻(xiàn)是奠定了近代實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)和唯物主義師:伽利略從實(shí)踐上開辟了實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的方法,而英國唯物主義哲學(xué)家培根則從理論上闡述了實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的方法——?dú)w納法。培根和伽利略同被稱為實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)之父,培根還有一句影響深刻的名言:“知識(shí)就是力量”,表明了他注重知識(shí),尊崇科學(xué)的精神。我們再來概括一下意大利哲學(xué)家布魯諾的唯物主義思想,是否有同學(xué)可以簡述布魯諾的生平事跡?