1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語(yǔ)保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ), 通常由名詞或代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
七、教學(xué)反思這堂課有眼下看得見(jiàn)的效果和暫時(shí)看不見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的效果,學(xué)生收益明顯:1.學(xué)生學(xué)到的不只是成語(yǔ)本身。學(xué)生從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上搜集材料,分析整理,不只是學(xué)成語(yǔ),探究能力也得到提高。對(duì)成語(yǔ)的梳理探究,是讓學(xué)生做一件很具體的事——梳理、分析、歸類。重在過(guò)程,重在課外、課前學(xué)生的工作。這樣的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)很有價(jià)值,讓學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中得到提高。2.開(kāi)拓了學(xué)生的眼界。學(xué)生放眼各種報(bào)刊,從報(bào)刊中發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題——大家都可能出錯(cuò)。這樣一來(lái)學(xué)生的眼界變寬了,自信心增強(qiáng)了。3.對(duì)成語(yǔ)的理解、運(yùn)用比過(guò)去深刻。讓學(xué)生從對(duì)一個(gè)個(gè)具體成語(yǔ)的理解入手,進(jìn)而認(rèn)識(shí)到以后用成語(yǔ)不能犯“望文生義”等錯(cuò)誤,從個(gè)例上升到一般。4.讓學(xué)生知道以后自己運(yùn)用成語(yǔ)應(yīng)抱什么態(tài)度,用什么方法。別人錯(cuò)用成語(yǔ),是前車之鑒。
【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】一、教學(xué)目的:1、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注生活,向生活學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。2、了解新詞新語(yǔ),能正確評(píng)價(jià)和運(yùn)用新詞新語(yǔ)。二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn):1、重點(diǎn):認(rèn)識(shí)并評(píng)價(jià)新詞新語(yǔ)。2、難點(diǎn):如何評(píng)價(jià)新詞新語(yǔ)三、教學(xué)用時(shí):一課時(shí)四、教學(xué)過(guò)程預(yù)設(shè)(一)導(dǎo)入新課以前如果有人說(shuō)我可愛(ài),我會(huì)很高興:我還是有優(yōu)點(diǎn)的哦?,F(xiàn)在如果有人說(shuō)我可愛(ài),我就會(huì)心里嘀咕了:這是什么意思呀?同學(xué)們知道這有什么意思嗎?(可愛(ài)=可憐沒(méi)人愛(ài))如果大家留心就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),類似這樣的詞語(yǔ)很多,在網(wǎng)上是特別流行,很新穎、獨(dú)特,誰(shuí)來(lái)列舉幾個(gè)?(點(diǎn)評(píng)學(xué)生所列舉出的詞語(yǔ))網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有新詞新語(yǔ),其它媒體(如報(bào)刊、電視等)都有新詞新語(yǔ)。關(guān)于新詞新語(yǔ)的概念,一般認(rèn)為,新近創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的詞語(yǔ),或是舊詞新用,這樣的詞語(yǔ)就叫新詞新語(yǔ)。
知識(shí)與技能1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步掌握稱謂語(yǔ)、禁忌語(yǔ)、委婉語(yǔ)等交際語(yǔ)言;2、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境條件運(yùn)用不同的交際語(yǔ)言,達(dá)到交際目的。過(guò)程與方法1、通過(guò)故事或習(xí)題分析,掌握有關(guān)交際語(yǔ)言的一些知識(shí);2、講練結(jié)合,有所積累。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀點(diǎn)燃學(xué)生繼承中華傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情,以得體的交際語(yǔ)言營(yíng)造良好的人際環(huán)境。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)根據(jù)交際中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的要求,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境條件恰當(dāng)?shù)乇砬檫_(dá)意。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)通過(guò)課內(nèi)探索延伸至課外,積累關(guān)于交際中的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的一些知識(shí)。教學(xué)課時(shí):一課時(shí)教學(xué)過(guò)程一、導(dǎo)入利用一道口語(yǔ)交際訓(xùn)練題引入本節(jié)課要探究的內(nèi)容。例1:下面的場(chǎng)合,如果班長(zhǎng)既想達(dá)到批評(píng)的目的,又想把話說(shuō)得委婉些,表達(dá)恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是(C)小李和小楊,為了一點(diǎn)小事,兩人自習(xí)課上大聲地爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。這時(shí),班長(zhǎng)說(shuō):A、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,影響很壞。B、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,難道不感到羞恥吧?
(學(xué)生展開(kāi)暢敘所談,言之有理即可。)歸納:以上因素在人物語(yǔ)言表達(dá)中是綜合體現(xiàn)的,所以在寫(xiě)作時(shí)必須周密思考,使人物語(yǔ)言體現(xiàn)的人物性格更豐富,更有立體感。(3)行動(dòng)描寫(xiě)矛盾先生曾說(shuō):“人物性格必須通過(guò)行動(dòng)來(lái)表現(xiàn)?!蔽覀?cè)趯?xiě)作文時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)注意描寫(xiě)最能揭示人物本身的獨(dú)特性格的,最合乎人物地位,身份的動(dòng)作,從而使人物形象更生動(dòng)。行動(dòng)描寫(xiě)要注意哪些方面?A、選擇具有代表性,最能表現(xiàn)人物性格的行動(dòng)來(lái)寫(xiě)。如《守財(cái)奴》中的老葛朗臺(tái)的性格特點(diǎn)。B、要善于選擇具有表現(xiàn)力的動(dòng)詞,把人物的行動(dòng)準(zhǔn)確傳神地描寫(xiě)出來(lái)。(4)側(cè)面描寫(xiě)寫(xiě)作不僅可以從正面對(duì)人物加以刻畫(huà),也可以通過(guò)周圍各種不同人物的眼看,嘴講等方式,從側(cè)面起到烘托某個(gè)特定人物的作用。(請(qǐng)學(xué)生欣賞片段《茶花女》,《紅樓夢(mèng)》,教師歸納。)
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、了解文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化及其原因。2、探討個(gè)性化解讀遵循的基本原則,合理解讀文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文學(xué)現(xiàn)象,培養(yǎng)他們對(duì)文學(xué)作品理解的多重思維能力。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):把握個(gè)性化的度。避免偏激的理解、過(guò)度的張揚(yáng)所謂個(gè)性,嚴(yán)重歪曲文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)方法:導(dǎo)讀、計(jì)論、合作探究。教學(xué)時(shí)間:一課時(shí)教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、揭題導(dǎo)入:記得有這樣一個(gè)故事:一個(gè)小孩在四歲就能背《登鸛雀樓》,可平時(shí)只有在大人的要求下,他才背出來(lái)。直到六歲的某一天,他父母帶他去旅游,在他登陸上山頂時(shí),竟然隨口背出:“欲窮千里目,更上一層樓”來(lái)。這說(shuō)明了什么?……(討論)文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化。二、探討個(gè)性化解讀的原因1、讀者的差異導(dǎo)致解讀的個(gè)性化A、同一作品,閱讀的時(shí)間不同,解讀不同。如上面的例子。如《從百草園到三味書(shū)屋》和《風(fēng)箏》主題的多元化理解?!皽毓手隆?,名作重讀,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同讀者,解讀不同。
據(jù)此,研究者認(rèn)為我國(guó)的姓源于原始社會(huì)母系氏族時(shí)期,并作為一個(gè)血緣家族的稱號(hào)。氏隸屬于姓。夏、商、周時(shí)期,姓氏作為貴族間區(qū)別不同血緣關(guān)系的一種制度。自秦漢以后,姓氏不分,合二而一。3、大家有沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)《水滸傳》中一個(gè)人物“西門慶”,他姓西門,為什么姓西門呢?他家住在西門這個(gè)地方。大家想想東郭先生為何姓東郭?可見(jiàn)有按居住地而得姓。4、現(xiàn)在如果賦予同學(xué)們一個(gè)神圣的職責(zé),讓你們給一個(gè)人賜姓,這個(gè)人是殺豬殺雞殺鴨的,你們覺(jué)得要給他一個(gè)什么樣的姓才合適呢?(自由討論,姓“屠”)明確:這就是姓氏來(lái)源的又一種方法,按照職業(yè)取姓。大家想一想有沒(méi)有其他按照職業(yè)得姓的姓氏?(巫、卜、陶等)5、大家通過(guò)預(yù)習(xí)有沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)其他獲得姓氏的方法。(國(guó)名、自己祖先的字等。)姓在母系氏族社會(huì)以后,逐漸增多,來(lái)源極廣。主要來(lái)源于封國(guó)名、謚號(hào)、爵位名、官名、居地、職業(yè)等。
《普通高中語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》關(guān)于“表達(dá)與交流”方面學(xué)生應(yīng)達(dá)到的目標(biāo)有如下的表述:“學(xué)會(huì)多角度地觀察生活,豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗(yàn),對(duì)自然、社會(huì)和人生有自己的感受和思考”,“進(jìn)一步提高記敘述、說(shuō)明、描寫(xiě)、議論、抒情等基本表達(dá)能力”。觀察、感受、思考是寫(xiě)好作文的必要的積累與條件,而用最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言與形式傳達(dá)自己的所得則屬于“技巧”方面的范疇。教材“表達(dá)與交流”的編選采用的“話題探討—寫(xiě)法借鑒—寫(xiě)作練習(xí)”的體例,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是就某一話題訓(xùn)練某一方面的寫(xiě)作能力,能使教與學(xué)具有較強(qiáng)的操作性,目標(biāo)更具體,也就是“既講‘寫(xiě)什么’,又講‘怎么寫(xiě)’”,能克服“純技術(shù)性訓(xùn)練”;不足在于容易造成教與學(xué)上的“只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木、不見(jiàn)森林”現(xiàn)象。要讓學(xué)生確實(shí)形成能力,舉一反三,老師的備課量非常之大,好在現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達(dá),必修1和必修2還配了教案(不知為什么必修3和必修4沒(méi)有),總算應(yīng)對(duì)過(guò)來(lái),因此,我在此所講的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)之類的,有許多不是我個(gè)人的,是別人的成果,特此聲明。
方法點(diǎn)撥教師:有的同學(xué)敘述事實(shí)論據(jù)時(shí),不突出重點(diǎn)和精華,不注意取舍,水分太多,有許多的敘述描寫(xiě),有時(shí)還有詳細(xì)的故事情節(jié),文章幾乎成了記敘文,使文章的論點(diǎn)無(wú)法得到充分的證明,這是寫(xiě)議論文的大忌。那么:議論文中的記敘有哪些特點(diǎn)?同學(xué)各抒己見(jiàn)。投影顯示:1.議論中的記敘不是單純的寫(xiě)人記事,記敘文字是為議論服務(wù)的,其目的是為作者所闡明的道理提供事實(shí)依據(jù)。所以,在記敘時(shí)要求簡(jiǎn)潔、概括,舍棄其中的細(xì)節(jié),僅僅交代清楚事件或者人物的概貌即可,一般不在各種描寫(xiě)手段上下功夫,只要把能證明觀點(diǎn)的那個(gè)部分、側(cè)面交代清楚就行了。2.議論文中的記敘性文字不得超過(guò)總字?jǐn)?shù)的1/3,否則視為文體不當(dāng)。能力提升一、教師:了解了議論文中的記敘的特點(diǎn),接下來(lái)我們看看今天的話題:“愛(ài)的奉獻(xiàn)”,你想從哪個(gè)角度立論?有哪些素材?
1.懸念法懸念法又稱關(guān)子。它是作者為了激發(fā)那種“緊張與期待的心理活動(dòng)”,在行文中有意采取的一種積極而有效的手段。這種手段包括“設(shè)懸”和“解懸”兩方面。所謂 “設(shè)懸”就是設(shè)置懸念,即在情節(jié)發(fā)生發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻或人物命運(yùn)攸關(guān)的重要關(guān)頭,敘述戛然而止,轉(zhuǎn)敘他事。從而引起讀者強(qiáng)烈的尋根問(wèn)底的興趣。所謂“解懸” 也叫“釋?xiě)摇?,就是指在情?jié)發(fā)展的特定階段,通過(guò)矛盾的解決,揭示事情原委和人物命運(yùn)的結(jié)局,使讀者的期待心理得以滿足。如《驛路梨花》,當(dāng)人們正為露宿而發(fā)愁時(shí)出現(xiàn)了一間神秘的小屋,小屋的主人是誰(shuí)呢?猜想間,有人來(lái)了,但也不是屋子主人,那小屋子的主人是誰(shuí)呢?終于知道了小屋是解放軍蓋的,但為什么要蓋這間小屋呢?這樣“設(shè)懸——釋?xiě)摇獛С鲂聭夷睢保h(huán)環(huán)相扣、層層遞進(jìn),使文章韻味無(wú)窮。
天上有明月,年年照相思。她夜夜沉醉在夢(mèng)中。夢(mèng)把空間縮短了,夢(mèng)把時(shí)間凝固了,夢(mèng)把世界凈化了。夢(mèng)中沒(méi)有污穢,沒(méi)有嘈雜,沒(méi)有邪惡;夢(mèng)中沒(méi)有分離,沒(méi)有創(chuàng)傷,沒(méi)有痛苦;夢(mèng)中只有柔和的月色,只有溫馨的愛(ài);夢(mèng)使她永遠(yuǎn)年輕,使她不原醒來(lái)?!。莻€(gè)世界,是為天下最真最善最美的心靈準(zhǔn)備的,藝術(shù)家懷著虔誠(chéng)的情感,用充滿魔力的琴弦,在人們的心中筑起了一座不朽的天堂,它像天地一樣長(zhǎng)久,日月一樣永恒!新月微微地閉著眼睛,她清清楚楚地看到了那座天堂,真真切切地觸到了那座天堂,冰凌砌成墻壁,白云鋪成房頂,霧靄織成紗幔,星星串成明燈;在那里,她的頭發(fā)像沐浴之后那樣清爽柔軟,隨風(fēng)飄拂,她的肌膚像披著月光那樣清涼潤(rùn)滑,她的那顆心啊,像浸潤(rùn)著蒙蒙細(xì)雨的花蕾,掛著晶瑩的露珠,自由地呼吸……她沉醉在那個(gè)一塵不染的美好的境界,如歌如詩(shī),如夢(mèng)如幻,如云如月,如水如煙……
寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo):第一題要求寫(xiě)出自然美,在自然美中融進(jìn)自己的感情。小路、流水、山巒、森林、天空、大?!际菍?shí)體事物,因此首先要求用寫(xiě)生的辦法把它們表現(xiàn)出來(lái),要寫(xiě)得準(zhǔn)確,寫(xiě)出它們的特點(diǎn)和個(gè)性,尤其是寫(xiě)出它們的美。同時(shí),也要把贊美之情不落痕跡地融化在描寫(xiě)之中。第二題是寫(xiě)一幅風(fēng)景畫(huà)或一張風(fēng)景照片中的自然美景,以及美景中的一些細(xì)節(jié),同時(shí)把自己心動(dòng)的感覺(jué)寫(xiě)出來(lái)。在這里,關(guān)鍵是找到畫(huà)或照片中的美,找到心動(dòng)的感覺(jué),如果找到了,再用文字把這美和感覺(jué)表達(dá)出來(lái)。當(dāng)然,寫(xiě)風(fēng)景美和寫(xiě)自己的感覺(jué)應(yīng)是乳水交融的。第三題是用動(dòng)情的筆墨把自己的一種經(jīng)歷寫(xiě)出來(lái)。這些經(jīng)歷似乎都是細(xì)節(jié),都不是驚天動(dòng)地的大事。是細(xì)節(jié),就容易碰到,在題目列舉的四種中,學(xué)生不難找到。即使不在這四種中,也可以,只要這種經(jīng)歷給了自己心靈以震撼或潛移默化的影響。
4、主旨 哪一聯(lián)明確地點(diǎn)明全詩(shī)題旨?表達(dá)了作者的什么感情?試做分析 頸聯(lián)。 菊花開(kāi)在秋天,所以這 “ 叢菊 ” 回應(yīng)了詩(shī)題中那個(gè) “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指過(guò)去也可以指未來(lái),在這里是指過(guò)去?!皡簿諆砷_(kāi)”,指詩(shī)人于 765 年離開(kāi)成都,原打算很快出峽,但這年留居云安,次年又留居夔州,見(jiàn)到叢菊開(kāi)了兩次,還未出峽,故對(duì)菊掉淚。秋菊兩度盛開(kāi),使詩(shī)人再次灑下往日流過(guò)的眼淚。“開(kāi)”字雙關(guān),一謂菊花開(kāi),又言淚眼隨之開(kāi)。此時(shí)他仍然滯留在他鄉(xiāng),他始終沒(méi)有放棄回鄉(xiāng)的打算。孤舟可以系住,使其不能泛諸中流,但詩(shī)人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越過(guò)江河,越過(guò)關(guān)山,飛到了長(zhǎng)安。所以,一葉靠岸系繩的孤舟,始終都牽動(dòng)著詩(shī)人的故園之思。這一聯(lián)是全篇詩(shī)意所在。孤舟本來(lái)只能系住自己的行蹤,卻把詩(shī)人的思鄉(xiāng)之心也牢牢地系住了,故見(jiàn)舟傷心,引出故園之思,表現(xiàn)出思鄉(xiāng)之情的深沉濃烈和欲歸不得的無(wú)奈與凄傷,為文章的主旨句。
論證方法之引證法如何用好引證法:1.所引用的名言警句等針對(duì)性要強(qiáng)。每句名言都產(chǎn)生于特定的背景,都應(yīng)用于特定的交際目的,即使談同一個(gè)問(wèn)題,也有不少名言可供選取。2.要簡(jiǎn)潔,不宜過(guò)多。議論是在發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解而不是在介紹他人的見(jiàn)解。引用他人的話,目的是為了讓讀者更加信服自己的話。3.要注意直接引用和間接引用的區(qū)別。直接引用務(wù)求文字、甚至標(biāo)點(diǎn)均準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;間接引用只須述其大意,但要注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換。論證方法之喻證法喻證法是用設(shè)喻來(lái)論證論點(diǎn)的方法。在議論文中,設(shè)喻可以使論點(diǎn)更易懂、更風(fēng)趣、更容易獲得讀者的認(rèn)同。喻證法能化抽象為具體、化艱深為淺顯、化枯燥為生動(dòng)。論證方法之喻證法如何用好喻證法:1.以小見(jiàn)大,就近取譬。要精選生活中細(xì)小的、人們熟悉的事物做為設(shè)喻的喻體。2.喻體不求形似,只求神似。做為喻證的喻體與做為比喻的喻體不同。比喻的喻體是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)特征,描繪事物,側(cè)重形似,以形比形;而喻證的喻體是為了闡發(fā)觀點(diǎn),以正視聽(tīng),力求神似,以義取形。