【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教學(xué)過(guò)程】Step1: 語(yǔ)法自主探究一、基本組成方法1.肯定式陳述部分+否定附加疑問(wèn)部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你經(jīng)常打羽毛球,是嗎?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是嗎?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去過(guò)上海,是嗎?2.否定式陳述部分+肯定附加疑問(wèn)部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美麗的花,是嗎?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天沒(méi)去滑冰,是嗎?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他們不能在星期五之前完成,是嗎?
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語(yǔ)保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ), 通常由名詞或代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
1. 這個(gè)寓言是一個(gè)關(guān)于一位國(guó)王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用這個(gè)故事讓讀者對(duì)于社區(qū)的問(wèn)題負(fù)有個(gè)人責(zé)任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 這個(gè)故事十分成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
Step 3 Meaning1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來(lái)有一天他們能再見(jiàn)面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語(yǔ)中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開(kāi)始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來(lái)計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說(shuō)她本來(lái)想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
知識(shí)與技能1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步掌握稱謂語(yǔ)、禁忌語(yǔ)、委婉語(yǔ)等交際語(yǔ)言;2、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境條件運(yùn)用不同的交際語(yǔ)言,達(dá)到交際目的。過(guò)程與方法1、通過(guò)故事或習(xí)題分析,掌握有關(guān)交際語(yǔ)言的一些知識(shí);2、講練結(jié)合,有所積累。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀點(diǎn)燃學(xué)生繼承中華傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情,以得體的交際語(yǔ)言營(yíng)造良好的人際環(huán)境。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)根據(jù)交際中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的要求,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境條件恰當(dāng)?shù)乇砬檫_(dá)意。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)通過(guò)課內(nèi)探索延伸至課外,積累關(guān)于交際中的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的一些知識(shí)。教學(xué)課時(shí):一課時(shí)教學(xué)過(guò)程一、導(dǎo)入利用一道口語(yǔ)交際訓(xùn)練題引入本節(jié)課要探究的內(nèi)容。例1:下面的場(chǎng)合,如果班長(zhǎng)既想達(dá)到批評(píng)的目的,又想把話說(shuō)得委婉些,表達(dá)恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是(C)小李和小楊,為了一點(diǎn)小事,兩人自習(xí)課上大聲地爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。這時(shí),班長(zhǎng)說(shuō):A、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,影響很壞。B、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,難道不感到羞恥吧?
4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[歸納]1.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的基本構(gòu)成和用法過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,主要表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(尤其用于賓語(yǔ)從句中),還可以表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作習(xí)慣或傾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法(1)was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形:該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個(gè)主要用法,一是表示過(guò)去的打算,二是表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形:主要表示過(guò)去按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+動(dòng)詞原形:表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,由于本身已含有“即將”的意味,所以不再與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞:表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,通??捎糜谠摻Y(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬間動(dòng)詞。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、了解文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化及其原因。2、探討個(gè)性化解讀遵循的基本原則,合理解讀文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文學(xué)現(xiàn)象,培養(yǎng)他們對(duì)文學(xué)作品理解的多重思維能力。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):把握個(gè)性化的度。避免偏激的理解、過(guò)度的張揚(yáng)所謂個(gè)性,嚴(yán)重歪曲文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)方法:導(dǎo)讀、計(jì)論、合作探究。教學(xué)時(shí)間:一課時(shí)教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、揭題導(dǎo)入:記得有這樣一個(gè)故事:一個(gè)小孩在四歲就能背《登鸛雀樓》,可平時(shí)只有在大人的要求下,他才背出來(lái)。直到六歲的某一天,他父母帶他去旅游,在他登陸上山頂時(shí),竟然隨口背出:“欲窮千里目,更上一層樓”來(lái)。這說(shuō)明了什么?……(討論)文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化。二、探討個(gè)性化解讀的原因1、讀者的差異導(dǎo)致解讀的個(gè)性化A、同一作品,閱讀的時(shí)間不同,解讀不同。如上面的例子。如《從百草園到三味書屋》和《風(fēng)箏》主題的多元化理解?!皽毓手隆?,名作重讀,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同讀者,解讀不同。
《普通高中語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》關(guān)于“表達(dá)與交流”方面學(xué)生應(yīng)達(dá)到的目標(biāo)有如下的表述:“學(xué)會(huì)多角度地觀察生活,豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗(yàn),對(duì)自然、社會(huì)和人生有自己的感受和思考”,“進(jìn)一步提高記敘述、說(shuō)明、描寫、議論、抒情等基本表達(dá)能力”。觀察、感受、思考是寫好作文的必要的積累與條件,而用最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言與形式傳達(dá)自己的所得則屬于“技巧”方面的范疇。教材“表達(dá)與交流”的編選采用的“話題探討—寫法借鑒—寫作練習(xí)”的體例,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是就某一話題訓(xùn)練某一方面的寫作能力,能使教與學(xué)具有較強(qiáng)的操作性,目標(biāo)更具體,也就是“既講‘寫什么’,又講‘怎么寫’”,能克服“純技術(shù)性訓(xùn)練”;不足在于容易造成教與學(xué)上的“只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木、不見(jiàn)森林”現(xiàn)象。要讓學(xué)生確實(shí)形成能力,舉一反三,老師的備課量非常之大,好在現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達(dá),必修1和必修2還配了教案(不知為什么必修3和必修4沒(méi)有),總算應(yīng)對(duì)過(guò)來(lái),因此,我在此所講的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)之類的,有許多不是我個(gè)人的,是別人的成果,特此聲明。
方法點(diǎn)撥教師:有的同學(xué)敘述事實(shí)論據(jù)時(shí),不突出重點(diǎn)和精華,不注意取舍,水分太多,有許多的敘述描寫,有時(shí)還有詳細(xì)的故事情節(jié),文章幾乎成了記敘文,使文章的論點(diǎn)無(wú)法得到充分的證明,這是寫議論文的大忌。那么:議論文中的記敘有哪些特點(diǎn)?同學(xué)各抒己見(jiàn)。投影顯示:1.議論中的記敘不是單純的寫人記事,記敘文字是為議論服務(wù)的,其目的是為作者所闡明的道理提供事實(shí)依據(jù)。所以,在記敘時(shí)要求簡(jiǎn)潔、概括,舍棄其中的細(xì)節(jié),僅僅交代清楚事件或者人物的概貌即可,一般不在各種描寫手段上下功夫,只要把能證明觀點(diǎn)的那個(gè)部分、側(cè)面交代清楚就行了。2.議論文中的記敘性文字不得超過(guò)總字?jǐn)?shù)的1/3,否則視為文體不當(dāng)。能力提升一、教師:了解了議論文中的記敘的特點(diǎn),接下來(lái)我們看看今天的話題:“愛(ài)的奉獻(xiàn)”,你想從哪個(gè)角度立論?有哪些素材?
1、變換角度,多向思維(多向思維要求思維能針對(duì)問(wèn)題,從不同角度,用多種方法去思考問(wèn)題。對(duì)于作文而言,就是要使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)同一問(wèn)題,同一素材,同一題目,同一體裁的不同進(jìn)行區(qū)分。)請(qǐng)學(xué)生從這則材料中分析出幾個(gè)角度,準(zhǔn)備課堂交流:19世紀(jì)法國(guó)著名科幻小說(shuō)家儒勒?凡爾納,一生寫了104部科幻小說(shuō)。當(dāng)初他的第一部科幻小說(shuō)《氣球上的星期五》接連被15家出版社退回。他當(dāng)時(shí)既痛苦又氣憤,打算將稿子付之一炬。他妻子奪過(guò)書稿,給他以鼓勵(lì)。于是他嘗試著走進(jìn)第16家出版社。經(jīng)理赫哲爾閱讀后,當(dāng)即表示同意出版,還與儒勒?凡爾納簽訂了為期20年的寫作出版合同。這則材料敘述時(shí)沒(méi)有一定的中心,屬于開(kāi)發(fā)性材料,分析材料中人物、人物關(guān)系、故事的不同側(cè)面,可以從不同角度得出結(jié)論:
4、主旨 哪一聯(lián)明確地點(diǎn)明全詩(shī)題旨?表達(dá)了作者的什么感情?試做分析 頸聯(lián)。 菊花開(kāi)在秋天,所以這 “ 叢菊 ” 回應(yīng)了詩(shī)題中那個(gè) “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指過(guò)去也可以指未來(lái),在這里是指過(guò)去。“叢菊兩開(kāi)”,指詩(shī)人于 765 年離開(kāi)成都,原打算很快出峽,但這年留居云安,次年又留居夔州,見(jiàn)到叢菊開(kāi)了兩次,還未出峽,故對(duì)菊掉淚。秋菊兩度盛開(kāi),使詩(shī)人再次灑下往日流過(guò)的眼淚?!伴_(kāi)”字雙關(guān),一謂菊花開(kāi),又言淚眼隨之開(kāi)。此時(shí)他仍然滯留在他鄉(xiāng),他始終沒(méi)有放棄回鄉(xiāng)的打算。孤舟可以系住,使其不能泛諸中流,但詩(shī)人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越過(guò)江河,越過(guò)關(guān)山,飛到了長(zhǎng)安。所以,一葉靠岸系繩的孤舟,始終都牽動(dòng)著詩(shī)人的故園之思。這一聯(lián)是全篇詩(shī)意所在。孤舟本來(lái)只能系住自己的行蹤,卻把詩(shī)人的思鄉(xiāng)之心也牢牢地系住了,故見(jiàn)舟傷心,引出故園之思,表現(xiàn)出思鄉(xiāng)之情的深沉濃烈和欲歸不得的無(wú)奈與凄傷,為文章的主旨句。