只有對(duì)儒家的價(jià)值作出客觀、公正、全面的評(píng)價(jià),才可能避免陷入文化虛無主義或文化復(fù)古主義的誤區(qū),合理地、充分地開發(fā)利用儒學(xué)乃至整個(gè)國(guó)學(xué)的資源為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)服務(wù),為促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展服務(wù)。運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),談?wù)剬?duì)待儒學(xué)我們應(yīng)該持有的態(tài)度。答案:(1)儒學(xué)是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中一個(gè)非常重要的組成部分。傳統(tǒng)文化具有相對(duì)穩(wěn)定性,它的內(nèi)涵又能夠因時(shí)而變,因此,我們對(duì)待儒學(xué)的正確態(tài)度應(yīng)該是“取其精華,去其糟粕,批判繼承,古為今用”。(2)面對(duì)儒學(xué),我們要辯證地認(rèn)識(shí)它在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的作用,分辨其中的精華和糟粕。對(duì)于其中符合社會(huì)發(fā)展要求的、積極向上的內(nèi)容,應(yīng)該繼續(xù)保持和發(fā)揚(yáng),使其為社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)服務(wù);對(duì)于其中不符合社會(huì)發(fā)展要求的、落后的、腐朽的東西,必須“移風(fēng)易俗”,自覺地加以改造和剔除。(五)作業(yè)布置傳統(tǒng)文化的作用是什么?如何正確對(duì)待傳統(tǒng)文化?
(二)講授新課:1、講授重點(diǎn):文化與經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的關(guān)系。我首先帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生分析課本上的活動(dòng)探究,了解日常生活中的常見活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生們觀看視頻材料幫助學(xué)生對(duì)文化活動(dòng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)、政治活動(dòng)進(jìn)行辨別和分類。然后讓學(xué)生們舉例說明,綜合探究,最后通過集體討論得出文化與經(jīng)濟(jì)政治的關(guān)系:經(jīng)濟(jì)是基礎(chǔ),政治是經(jīng)濟(jì)的集中表現(xiàn),文化是經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的反映,一定的文化由一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治決定,又反作用于政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)。這個(gè)問題是本課重點(diǎn)。要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生循序漸進(jìn),集體討論,得出結(jié)論。2、突破難點(diǎn):(1)文化與經(jīng)濟(jì)政治相互交融,在時(shí)代發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中。首先播放上海世博會(huì)視頻,讓學(xué)生體會(huì)文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治活動(dòng),另外我會(huì)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極舉生活中的事例,來說明問題,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三,充分理解這一知識(shí),讓學(xué)生明白文化與經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的聯(lián)系,讓學(xué)生清楚文化滲透的力量有多大,幫助學(xué)生樹立反對(duì)文化霸權(quán)主義的意識(shí)。
一、 教材分析1、地位和作用《文化創(chuàng)新的途徑》是人教版教材高二政治必修3第二單元第五課第二個(gè)框題內(nèi)容,本課是對(duì)全面兩課的一個(gè)提升,同時(shí)對(duì)接下來學(xué)習(xí)第三、四單元的知識(shí)具有指導(dǎo)作用。文化創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn),具有很強(qiáng)的思想理論性和探索實(shí)踐性。在前面兩課中,學(xué)生基本明確了文化的交流、傳播和發(fā)展;也明白了文化的繼承和發(fā)展需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新。而怎樣進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新是本節(jié)課探討的內(nèi)容,也是本單元的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)知識(shí)與能力目標(biāo):①識(shí)計(jì)文化創(chuàng)新的途徑;理解文化創(chuàng)新過程中要認(rèn)識(shí)和處理好兩對(duì)基本關(guān)系:當(dāng)代文化與傳統(tǒng)文化、民族文化和外來文化的關(guān)系;②使學(xué)生初步具備認(rèn)識(shí)和處理當(dāng)代文化與傳統(tǒng)文化、民族文化與外來文化關(guān)系的能力;使學(xué)生具備在合作、探究中體驗(yàn)生活、生成認(rèn)識(shí)、構(gòu)建知識(shí)的能力。
教師:不同的時(shí)代造就了不同風(fēng)格和不同精神內(nèi)容的詩(shī)詞,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們回顧必修一和必修二兩宋中央集權(quán)的加強(qiáng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。學(xué)生:回憶回答。教師:請(qǐng)同學(xué)們結(jié)合時(shí)代背景和詞的特點(diǎn)理解詞為什么能夠成為宋代文學(xué)的主流形式和標(biāo)志?學(xué)生:兩宋時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)重心轉(zhuǎn)移到了南方,商業(yè)發(fā)展打破了時(shí)間和空間的限制,城市繁榮,市民數(shù)量不斷增加。詞的句子長(zhǎng)短不齊,便于抒發(fā)感情,并且能夠歌唱,更能適應(yīng)市井生活的需要。于是,詞成為宋代文學(xué)的主流形式和標(biāo)志。教師:宋代文人地位提高,宋詞就是一個(gè)個(gè)時(shí)代的畫卷:大宋的悲歡離合都寫在了里面。除了詞之外,宋代民間還興起了一種新的詩(shī)歌形式,即散曲。學(xué)生:回答散曲的發(fā)展階段及特點(diǎn)、元曲的含義、特點(diǎn)。教師:在中國(guó)古代詩(shī)歌輝煌發(fā)展的同時(shí),也產(chǎn)生了供人們閑來無事消遣的小說。
(2)世界觀,人生觀,價(jià)值觀是人們文化素養(yǎng)的核心和標(biāo)志。一旦形成就會(huì)對(duì)人產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)持久的影響。(但隨著生活閱歷的變化,人們文化素養(yǎng)的提高,人們的“三觀”會(huì)發(fā)生變化。)總之“潛移默化”指每時(shí)每刻,不知不覺;是從文化對(duì)人影響的過程來看的?!吧钸h(yuǎn)持久”指經(jīng)年累月,難以抹去;是從文化對(duì)人影響的結(jié)果上說的。3.課堂總結(jié):首先啟動(dòng)學(xué)生思維,教會(huì)學(xué)生把握知識(shí)主線,建構(gòu)知識(shí)體系,先由學(xué)生進(jìn)行總結(jié),然后教師進(jìn)行必要的補(bǔ)充4、布置作業(yè):布置作業(yè)。運(yùn)用文化對(duì)人的影響的知識(shí)分析“近朱者赤,近墨者黑”,并且應(yīng)該如何處理朋友之間的關(guān)系。設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)作業(yè)的意圖是既讓學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),同時(shí)又讓學(xué)生回歸生活,如何處理朋友之間的關(guān)系。5、板書設(shè)計(jì)遵循板書設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)用性、直觀性的原則,根據(jù)本課的教材特點(diǎn),我采用結(jié)構(gòu)式板書,這樣設(shè)計(jì)比較直觀、系統(tǒng),以便于學(xué)生能夠系統(tǒng)把握和理解知識(shí)。
(1)文化與經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治在經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)上相互影響。①經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化是社會(huì)生活的三個(gè)基本領(lǐng)域。其中,經(jīng)濟(jì)是基礎(chǔ),政治是經(jīng)濟(jì)的集中表現(xiàn),文化是經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的反映。一定的文化由一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治所決定,又反作用于一定的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì),給予政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)以重大影響。②經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是文化發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。但這并不意味著文化的發(fā)展始終與經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展亦步亦趨。如同不能簡(jiǎn)單地把精神文明看作是物質(zhì)文明的派生物和附屬品一樣,也不能簡(jiǎn)單地認(rèn)為文化是經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的派生物和附屬品。文化有其自身的傳承性和相對(duì)的獨(dú)立性。那種認(rèn)為只要物質(zhì)條件好了,精神文化自然而然地就會(huì)好起來,物質(zhì)條件差一點(diǎn),精神文化就不可能搞好的觀點(diǎn),不符合歷史發(fā)展的事實(shí),是不正確的。③掀開歷史的畫卷,文化既有古今和地域之別,又有先進(jìn)與落后、腐朽之分。不同的文化,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的影響不同,對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的作用也不同。不同民族的文化,影響不同民族和國(guó)家各具特色的發(fā)展道路。
(二)引入內(nèi)容1、播放幻燈片,從名言引出思考,什么是文化,如何理解文化?學(xué)生探究,既可質(zhì)疑,也可談自己對(duì)文化的理解2、幻燈片,以三組幻燈,分三個(gè)階段,學(xué)生分別通過小組討論的形式,歸納總結(jié)文化現(xiàn)象的三個(gè)特征3、根據(jù)對(duì)文化現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí),歸納總結(jié)文化的內(nèi)涵及外延小活動(dòng):把不是文化的山、水、樹,由幾組同學(xué)畫出來,體會(huì)文化的含義4、一組判斷題,哪些是文化的,哪些不是5、理解文化的特點(diǎn)首先,根據(jù)前面,總結(jié)文化現(xiàn)象的特征,歸納出文化的普通性及特殊性其次,播放視頻,歸納總結(jié)文化是人類特有的現(xiàn)象第三,根據(jù)教材材料,小組探究總結(jié),文化是后天習(xí)得的第四,借助小活動(dòng)的材料,歸納,文化需要一定的物質(zhì)載體6、文化的作用首先、觀看視頻,小組探究總結(jié),文化對(duì)于人的影響其次,觀看視頻,小組探究總結(jié),文化對(duì)社會(huì)的影響
3、文化的力量。為了使學(xué)生能辨證地分析文化的力量,我設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)問題進(jìn)行探討:(1)是不是任何文化都能起促進(jìn)作用?(2)你在聽或唱國(guó)歌時(shí)感受到一種什么樣的力量?這樣,學(xué)生在對(duì)比中學(xué)會(huì)辨證地分析文化的力量——先進(jìn)的、健康的文化能促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng);落后的、腐朽的文化則阻礙社會(huì)發(fā)展和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)還能提高學(xué)生的文化賞析能力,從而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生裝自覺參加健康有益的文化活動(dòng),抵制不良文化的影響,投身到社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)中去。關(guān)于課堂練習(xí),我準(zhǔn)備了5個(gè)針對(duì)性比較強(qiáng)的選擇題,從而加深鞏固本框題的重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)。最后,播放歌曲《走進(jìn)新時(shí)代》,展示本課知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),指出本框題需重點(diǎn)掌握的問題,結(jié)束本課教學(xué)。課后作業(yè),我設(shè)計(jì)了這樣一個(gè)辨析的題目:文化是人們創(chuàng)造的全部財(cái)富的總和,它是人類特有的現(xiàn)象。
二、說活動(dòng)目標(biāo):《綱要》中提出:“創(chuàng)造一個(gè)自由、寬松的語言交往環(huán)境,支持、鼓勵(lì)、吸引幼兒與教師、同伴或其他人交談,體驗(yàn)語言交流的樂趣。”根據(jù)這一要求,我從認(rèn)知、能力、情感三方面提出了本次活動(dòng)的目標(biāo)。1、能看懂畫面的主要內(nèi)容,并嘗試講述畫面中的故事。(體現(xiàn)在教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)一)2、能用完整的話說出河馬幫助了誰?怎么幫的?(體現(xiàn)在教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)二)3、幫助幼兒感受與體驗(yàn)河馬助人為樂的情感。(體現(xiàn)在教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)三)三、說活動(dòng)重、難點(diǎn):現(xiàn)在的幼兒通常生活在成人的“保護(hù)圈”里,與人交往的能力較差,自我意識(shí)強(qiáng),缺乏友愛、助人為樂的意識(shí),我把“幫助幼兒感受和體驗(yàn)河馬助人為樂的情感?!倍楸敬位顒?dòng)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。為了培養(yǎng)幼兒養(yǎng)成說完整話的習(xí)慣,根據(jù)本次活動(dòng)的目標(biāo),又把“能看懂畫面的主要內(nèi)容,并嘗試用完整的話說出河馬幫助了誰及所用的方法。”做為本次活動(dòng)的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。
一、說教材: 《蘿卜回來了》是一篇講述小動(dòng)物們相互關(guān)心的童話故事,故事中以“蘿卜”為線索,將小動(dòng)物們把蘿卜送給朋友分享的一個(gè)個(gè)情節(jié),串聯(lián)成一篇充滿愛心和喜劇特色的故事。故事采用反復(fù)式的結(jié)構(gòu),類似情節(jié)一而再、再而三地出現(xiàn),其中描述小動(dòng)物心理活動(dòng)的語句既有重復(fù),又有不一樣的內(nèi)容,既易于為幼兒掌握復(fù)述,又對(duì)他們有一定的新鮮感,這一種方式給幼兒清楚明了的記憶和想象因素,符合中班幼兒思維的特點(diǎn),因而可以很好的為幼兒接受。 故事中所反映的“關(guān)心他人”、“與人分享”的情感主題,正是當(dāng)今孩子所缺失的一種美好情感,因?yàn)椤蔼?dú)生子女”的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)以及充斥利益因素的快節(jié)奏社會(huì)生活,讓現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)幼兒都缺乏“關(guān)心他人”、“與人分享”的情感體驗(yàn),進(jìn)而造成了孩子的“霸道”、“自私”,這和我們和諧社會(huì)的發(fā)展宗旨是背道而行的。新《綱要》中也提出:“在與同伴的交往中,要學(xué)習(xí)互助、合作和分享”,可見向孩子進(jìn)行關(guān)愛他人的情感教育是非常重要的。特別是我們中班孩子,他們的交往熱情日趨高漲,并已逐漸學(xué)會(huì)了交往,這時(shí)候,給他們樹立起一個(gè)正確的、友善的交往情感態(tài)度,對(duì)他們今后的為人處世都將起到一個(gè)不容忽視的影響。 結(jié)合故事特點(diǎn)以及孩子的年齡特點(diǎn)、培養(yǎng)目標(biāo),因此我選擇了《蘿卜回來了》這個(gè)故事為活動(dòng)內(nèi)容,希望通過故事中善良、生動(dòng)地人物形象來激發(fā)孩子們關(guān)愛他人的意識(shí)。
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.(說板書設(shè)計(jì))On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
(3)v. 給:提出;展現(xiàn),顯現(xiàn)present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給;頒發(fā);授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時(shí),他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈(zèng)給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會(huì)將在六月向議會(huì)提交最后的報(bào)告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現(xiàn)自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關(guān)重要的是我們要表現(xiàn)得更加團(tuán)結(jié)。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
Teaching plan for Unit 1 book3Good morning, teachers. It’s my great pleasure to be here because I can share my lesson with you and I can learn a lot from it. I’ll begin my lesson from the following four parts, the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods and the teaching procedure.Firstly, let me talk about the teaching material. The content of my lesson is the reading passage festivals and celebrations of Unit 1 Festivals around the world. This passage is about festivals and celebrations. By studying this passage, we’ll enable the students to know that festivals exit everywhere, and many of festivals in different countries celebrate similar ideas. As we all know, the reading passage is the center of each unit. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.After studying the teaching material, I think the teaching aims are as the followings:1. Knowledge aims:(1) The Ss can master the usage of the important words andexpressions.(2)The Ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.Make students know about the festivals all over the world and the detail of the festivals, such as origin, content, and the date of the holiday festivals.2. Ability aims:(1) Students can talk about festivals and celebrations in English(2) To improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.3. Emotion aims:Make the Ss know about the foreign festivals, and respect other countries’ custom.Next, let’s come to the important points and the difficult points.The important point is how to make the Ss understand the text better and the difficult point is how can they talk about it. secondly, Teaching Methods:1. task-based Language Teaching2. Computer assisted language teaching.3. question-and–answer methodThirdly, Studying Methods:
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
本次活動(dòng)我設(shè)計(jì)以下三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié):一、展示《我想幫忙》課件,引導(dǎo)幼兒看圖說話,并認(rèn)讀詞語:幫忙。二、引導(dǎo)幼兒情境講述,進(jìn)一步理解畫面內(nèi)容。三、嘗試表演,感受和體驗(yàn)河馬助人為樂的情感。一、展示《我想幫忙》課件,引導(dǎo)幼兒看圖說話,并認(rèn)讀詞語:幫忙。1、談話導(dǎo)入:(教師神秘地說)告訴大家一個(gè)秘密:老師發(fā)現(xiàn)了一群小動(dòng)物們之間的故事,你們想知道嗎?可是,小動(dòng)物們說了要想知道它們的秘密必須靠小朋友自己,要用自己的小眼睛認(rèn)真觀察,動(dòng)腦筋思考,還要大膽回答出問題才行呢!大家能做到嗎?就讓我們一起來試試吧!(出示幻燈一)引導(dǎo)幼兒說說畫面中的小動(dòng)物們都在干什么。(出示幻燈二)猜猜“河馬會(huì)怎么幫忙呢?”(這樣的設(shè)計(jì)就是抓住幼兒喜歡小動(dòng)物的心理,利用幼兒觀察小動(dòng)物們生活化的動(dòng)作形態(tài)和解答懸疑問題,激發(fā)幼兒的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。)2、(出示幻燈三——六)在展示畫面的過程中,引導(dǎo)幼兒認(rèn)真觀察,鼓勵(lì)幼兒大膽、清楚地表達(dá)自己的想法和感受,發(fā)展幼兒的語言表達(dá)能力和思維能力,并使幼兒養(yǎng)成注意傾聽的好習(xí)慣。3、認(rèn)讀詞語:幫忙。利用字卡和情境畫面幫助幼兒直觀形象地去了解、認(rèn)識(shí)詞語,再通過游戲《幫字寶寶找朋友》進(jìn)一步加深理解詞語。
這個(gè)故事敘述了老鼠三兄弟看到鼠妹妹穿著破衣服就悄悄地讓裁縫把漂亮的布做成了女式服裝這樣一件事,非常溫馨和感人。故事所表達(dá)的精神對(duì)道德意識(shí)還往往處于自我中心的當(dāng)今的獨(dú)生子女應(yīng)該具有較強(qiáng)的心靈震動(dòng)。這一形象對(duì)中班幼兒來講是能夠接受和體驗(yàn)的,有利于培養(yǎng)他們正確的道德態(tài)度和良好的道德情感。容易引起幼兒的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,又可以擴(kuò)展孩子的詞匯量。其二是現(xiàn)在的孩子由于受生活環(huán)境限制,缺乏與周圍人相處的經(jīng)驗(yàn),普遍存在對(duì)周圍事物缺乏感情的行為,所以這一內(nèi)容既符合中班幼兒的年齡特點(diǎn),又符合孩子的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。整篇童話語言通俗,主題單純,充滿生活情趣。更巧妙的是:作者設(shè)置了一個(gè)懸念“你給我做……”做什么呢?作者沒有直接把三兄弟讓裁縫做女式服裝的對(duì)話告訴幼兒,這留給幼兒一個(gè)想象、思考的空間。中班幼兒有意注意開始發(fā)展,復(fù)雜句發(fā)展較快,詞匯增加,能用完整、較連貫的語言表達(dá)自己想說的事,喜歡欣賞不同形式的文學(xué)作品,理解作品的人物形象,用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言、動(dòng)作、繪畫形式表現(xiàn)自己對(duì)作品的理解和體驗(yàn),擴(kuò)展想象,嘗試創(chuàng)編。希望通過這個(gè)故事來提高幼兒對(duì)文學(xué)作品的感受和表現(xiàn)能力,并尋求不同角度的思維方式。鼓勵(lì)幼兒能大膽地想象,表現(xiàn)自己的情感。
隨著主題活動(dòng)《奇妙的世界》的進(jìn)行,小朋友們對(duì)各種動(dòng)物非常感興趣,特別是動(dòng)物們各自與眾不同的外形特征,對(duì)孩子們特別有吸引力。故事《小烏龜開店》情節(jié)簡(jiǎn)單有趣,形象鮮明突出,貼近幼兒生活,易于幼兒理解。中班幼兒通過家庭、社會(huì)活動(dòng)、角色游戲等途徑對(duì)成人社會(huì)的不同工種及其特征有了一定程度的認(rèn)識(shí),并表現(xiàn)出了較為濃厚的興趣,他們樂于模仿、表演,樂于借此進(jìn)行游戲、交往。而”小烏龜“這一動(dòng)物形象是幼兒所熟悉喜愛的,而且有著鮮明的外形特征,較易引發(fā)幼兒的多種聯(lián)想。 綱要中指出”既符合幼兒的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要,又有利于其長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展:既貼近幼兒的生活,選擇感興趣的事物或問題,又有助于拓展幼兒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和視野?!爸邪嗾Z言活動(dòng)《小烏龜開店》恰恰來源于生活,又能服務(wù)于幼兒的生活,讓幼兒在講述中懂得每個(gè)人各有優(yōu)點(diǎn),符合中班幼兒的年齡特點(diǎn)和學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)。
充分利用多種教育手段來引起幼兒注意,訓(xùn)練聽說能力。主要采取直觀法、練習(xí)法和游戲法(小品)。根據(jù)幼兒思維特點(diǎn)所決定的。幼兒以形象思維為主,所以采用直觀看圖(有條件時(shí)看光盤)引起幼兒注意,能讓幼兒更好地理解故事內(nèi)容,同時(shí)為幼兒的語言表達(dá)做充分的準(zhǔn)備。通過練習(xí)法可以刺激幼兒的表達(dá)欲望。(有時(shí)間全讓幼兒參加小品演出和說圖片意思,沒時(shí)間就用活動(dòng)區(qū)的語言區(qū)讓幼兒練習(xí))又根據(jù)幼兒以形象思維為主,但抽象邏輯思維在發(fā)展的特點(diǎn),采用對(duì)話的形式來發(fā)展幼兒的想象力和口語對(duì)話能力。
聽說游戲:小老鼠打電話選自海南出版社出版的《教學(xué)活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)及教案》(中班上冊(cè))一書。該游戲充滿童趣,貼近幼兒生活,易于理解解。目前,通訊設(shè)施非常發(fā)達(dá),朋友間經(jīng)常以電話聯(lián)系,打電話成了人們?nèi)粘I钪斜夭豢缮俚膬?nèi)容;同時(shí)中班上冊(cè)幼兒年齡偏小且現(xiàn)在多數(shù)都是獨(dú)身子女,普遍存在出現(xiàn)粗心大意的行為,所以這一游戲既富有時(shí)代特征又符合當(dāng)前幼兒的年齡特點(diǎn)。選取《小老鼠打電話》這一教材是因?yàn)椋?、情節(jié)簡(jiǎn)單有趣,形象鮮明突出,容易引起幼兒學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。2、打電話是幼兒日常生活中經(jīng)常見到的,游戲的語言易于幼兒模仿學(xué)習(xí)。3、通過游戲,幼兒能感受一些禮貌用語的用法且學(xué)習(xí)怎樣打電話。4、游戲能讓幼兒在輕松愉快的氛圍中了解體會(huì)到做事要仔細(xì),不要粗心大意,符合幼兒的年齡特點(diǎn)和學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)。
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