生:還可以從表盤上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時指速度,也有時指速率,要看實際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學(xué)用不同的時間圍繞操場跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點,他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運動的快慢?學(xué)生討論,體驗平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學(xué)站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運動會上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?師:平均速度v=Δx/Δt,甲、乙的位移都為零,所以他們的平均速度也都等于零.在這里平均速度無法顯示他們運動快慢的不同,要用到另一物理量:平均速率.平均速率等于物體運動通過的路程跟所用時間的比值.他們兩人通過的路程相同且都不為零,但所用時間不同.顯然用時短的運動得快,也就是平均速率大.生:這不是我們初中學(xué)過的速度嗎?
二、課堂教學(xué)(課前由科代表發(fā)回預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案)1、教師根據(jù)預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案檢查結(jié)果提出問題(用多媒體展示),引導(dǎo)全班討論(重點討論:①、為什么動能的表達式一定是 mV2 ?你如何得出這個結(jié)論?②、力在一個過程中對物體所做的功,和物體在這個過程中動能的變化量有什么關(guān)系?你如何得出這個結(jié)論?這個做功的力和F=ma中的力F有什么關(guān)系)。有困難的小組應(yīng)及時問老師。老師在這個過程中巡視指導(dǎo)。2、學(xué)生自主閱讀課文“7 動能和動能定理”中的“動能的表達式”,然后完成如下練習(xí)(教師在此過程中巡視指導(dǎo)):2.1嘗試推出動能的表達式(鼓勵會推導(dǎo)的同學(xué)積極上臺板演,老師引導(dǎo)討論)。2.2寫出動能的小結(jié)(認真閱讀教材p66倒數(shù)第二段、第三段,結(jié)合你推導(dǎo)動能表達式的過程,認真思考后四人一組討論:①、動能是矢量還是標(biāo)量?②、動能的單位是什么?③、你認為應(yīng)從哪幾方面來理解動能?)
“做功的過程就是能量轉(zhuǎn)化過程”,這是本章教學(xué)中的一條主線。對于一種勢能,就一定對應(yīng)于相應(yīng)的力做功。類比研究重力勢能是從分析重力做功入手的,研究彈簧的彈性勢能則應(yīng)從彈簧的彈力做功入手。然而彈簧的彈力是一個變力,如何研究變力做功是本節(jié)的一個難點,也是重點。首先,要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過類比重力做功和重力勢能的關(guān)系得出彈簧的彈力做功和彈簧的彈性勢能的關(guān)系。其次,通過合理的猜想與假設(shè)得出彈簧的彈力做功與哪些物理量有關(guān)。最后,類比勻變速直線運動求位移的方法,進行知識遷移,利用微元法的思想得到彈簧彈力做功的表達式,逐步把微分和積分的思想滲透到學(xué)生的思維中。本節(jié)課通過游戲引入課題,通過生活中拉弓射箭、撐桿跳高和彈跳蛙等玩具以及各種彈簧等實例來創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,提出問題。給學(xué)生感性認識,引起學(xué)生的好奇心;讓學(xué)生對彈簧彈力做功的影響因素進行猜想和假設(shè),提出合理的推測,激發(fā)學(xué)生的探索心理,構(gòu)思實驗,為定性探究打下基礎(chǔ)。然后,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過類比重力做功與重力勢能的關(guān)系得出彈簧彈性勢能與彈簧彈力做功的關(guān)系。
1.教材在學(xué)生的原有加速度概念的基礎(chǔ)上來討論“勻速圓周運動速度變化快慢”的問題,讓學(xué)生知道向心加速度能夠表示勻速圓周運動物體速度變化的快慢究竟是怎么一回事。2.教材把向心加速度安排在線速度和角速度知識之后,使學(xué)生對描述勻速圓周運動的幾個物理量有一個大致的了解。3.教材從了解運動的規(guī)律過渡到了解力跟運動關(guān)系的規(guī)律;把向心加速度放在向心力之前,從運動學(xué)的角度來學(xué)習(xí)向心加速度。4.教材為了培養(yǎng)學(xué)生“用事實說話”的“態(tài)度”,讓一切論述都合乎邏輯,改變了過去從向心力推導(dǎo)向心加速度的教學(xué)方式。1.采用理論、實驗、體驗相結(jié)合的教學(xué)安排。2.教師啟發(fā)引導(dǎo),學(xué)生自主閱讀、思考,討論、交流。知識與技能1.會作矢量圖表示速度的變化量與速度之間的關(guān)系。2.加深理解加速度與速度、速度變化量的區(qū)別。3.體會勻速圓周運動向心加速度方向的分析方法。4.知道向心加速度的公式也適用于變速圓周運動;知道變速圓周運動的向心加速度的方向。
(給出儀器后先讓學(xué)生思考如何設(shè)計實驗、安裝儀器、設(shè)計實驗步驟,而后教師總結(jié))實驗步驟如下:①安裝調(diào)整斜槽 :用圖釘把白紙釘在豎直板上,在木板的左上角固定斜槽。②調(diào)整木板 :用懸掛在槽口的重錘線把木板調(diào)整到豎直方向,并使木板平面與小球下落的豎直面平行,然后把重錘線方向記錄到釘在木板上的白紙上,固定木板,使在重復(fù)實驗的過程中,木板與斜槽的相對位置保持不變。③確定坐標(biāo)原點:把小球放在槽口處,用鉛筆記下小球在槽口時球心在木板上的水平投影點O,O即為坐標(biāo)原點。④描繪運動軌跡 :用鉛筆的筆尖輕輕地靠在木板的平面上,不斷調(diào)整筆尖的位置,使從斜槽上滾下的小球正好碰到筆尖,然后就用鉛筆在該處白紙上點上一個黑點,這就記下了小球球心所對應(yīng)的位置。保證小球每次從槽上開始滾下的位置都相同,用同樣的方法可找出小球平拋軌跡上的一系列位置。取下白紙,描繪小球做平拋運動的軌跡。
《勻速圓周運動》為高中物理必修2第五章第4節(jié).它是學(xué)生在充分掌握了曲線運動的規(guī)律和曲線運動問題的處理方法后,接觸到的又一個美麗的曲線運動,本節(jié)內(nèi)容作為該章節(jié)的重要部分,主要要向?qū)W生介紹描述圓周運動的幾個基本概念,為后繼的學(xué)習(xí)打下一個良好的基礎(chǔ)。人教版教材有一個的特點就是以實驗事實為基礎(chǔ),讓學(xué)生得出感性認識,再通過理論分析總結(jié)出規(guī)律,從而形成理性認識。教科書在列舉了生活中了一些圓周運動情景后,通過觀察自行車大齒輪、小齒輪、后輪的關(guān)聯(lián)轉(zhuǎn)動,提出了描述圓周運動的物體運動快慢的問題。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識與技能①知道什么是圓周運動、什么是勻速圓周運動。理解線速度的概念;理解角速度和周期的概念,會用它們的公式進行計算。②理解線速度、角速度、周期之間的關(guān)系:v=rω=2πr/T。③理解勻速圓周運動是變速運動。④能夠用勻速圓周運動的有關(guān)公式分析和解決具體情景中的問題。
[教學(xué)目標(biāo)]1.知識與技能:鞏固 100 以內(nèi)數(shù)的認識,進一步理解數(shù)位和位值的含義,發(fā)展學(xué)生有序的思維能力,以及培養(yǎng)他們的歸納能力。2.過程與方法:學(xué)生經(jīng)歷“擺一擺、想一想”的主動探索的學(xué)習(xí)過程,探索出100 以內(nèi)數(shù)的特點及規(guī)律。3.情感、態(tài)度與價值觀:在實踐操作中,通過找規(guī)律來發(fā)展學(xué)生的初步抽象思維能力。[重點難點]1.教學(xué)重點:進一步理解數(shù)位和位值的含義,發(fā)展學(xué)生有序的思維能力,以及培養(yǎng)他們的歸納能力。2.教學(xué)難點:發(fā)展學(xué)生有序的思維能力。[教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備] 課件、數(shù)位表、磁力扣、圍棋子(每人3 顆)。[教學(xué)過程]一、激趣導(dǎo)入1.用 1 顆棋子擺數(shù)。師:今天,我給同學(xué)們請來了一位好朋友,你們看!課件演示:同學(xué)們,大家好!我是圍棋寶寶,今天我來和大家一起學(xué)習(xí),你們高興嗎?這是你們學(xué)過的數(shù)位表吧?我也來看看?。▏遄犹絺€位上)你們知道我現(xiàn)在表示幾嗎?為什么?生:表示 1,因為個位上有 1 個。
二.目標(biāo)分析: 教學(xué)重點.難點 重點:集合的含義與表示方法. 難點:表示法的恰當(dāng)選擇.教學(xué)目標(biāo) l.知識與技能 (1)通過實例,了解集合的含義,體會元素與集合的屬于關(guān)系; (2)知道常用數(shù)集及其專用記號; (3)了解集合中元素的確定性.互異性.無序性; (4)會用集合語言表示有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)對象;
傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)因為過分預(yù)設(shè)和封閉,使課堂教學(xué)變得機械沉悶,缺乏生氣和樂趣,學(xué)生始終處于從屬地位,成了教師灌輸知識的容器,課堂上倦怠應(yīng)付,與創(chuàng)造的喜悅無緣,師生都無法在課堂上煥發(fā)生命的活力?! 〗虒W(xué)過程是師生交往、積極互動、共同發(fā)展的過程,是為學(xué)而教,以學(xué)定教,互教互學(xué),教學(xué)相長的過程。教師必須改變傳統(tǒng)的壓抑學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的教學(xué)環(huán)境,通過教學(xué)模式的優(yōu)化,改變教師獨占課堂、學(xué)生被動接受的信息傳遞方式,促成師生間、學(xué)生間的多向互動和教學(xué)關(guān)系的形成。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學(xué)生通過討論找出到達某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學(xué)生以小組為單位展開活動,談?wù)摫窘M所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務(wù)所需要的語言結(jié)構(gòu):We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設(shè)中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復(fù)習(xí)一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴充知識.學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復(fù)習(xí)舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強化學(xué)生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復(fù)習(xí),自然的引到下面新知識的學(xué)習(xí)。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學(xué)生循序漸進. 提高學(xué)生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學(xué)過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學(xué)內(nèi)容與分析:
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應(yīng)特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學(xué)們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語用基數(shù)詞,后者答語用數(shù)量關(guān)系。
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動表 獎品四、 教學(xué)過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動畫片段《灰姑娘》導(dǎo)如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務(wù)。片段的主題使學(xué)生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學(xué)習(xí)動詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標(biāo)語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導(dǎo)) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習(xí)對話.
教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識目標(biāo):(1)學(xué)習(xí)What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學(xué)會用英語描述有關(guān)職業(yè)的表達法。2.能力目標(biāo):(1)能夠談?wù)摓閷崿F(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談?wù)撐磥碜约号c他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標(biāo):新學(xué)期到來之際,讓他們在學(xué)習(xí)、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學(xué)生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學(xué)重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設(shè)計了三部分的內(nèi)容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓(xùn)練;
教學(xué)重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習(xí)中學(xué)習(xí)掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準(zhǔn)備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網(wǎng)或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學(xué)設(shè)計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學(xué)法指導(dǎo):1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體性,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極參與,激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲和學(xué)習(xí)積極性,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。逐步學(xué)會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調(diào)動學(xué)生的非智力因素促進智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學(xué)法2.課堂討論法3.任務(wù)型教學(xué)法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,使學(xué)生變被動學(xué)習(xí)為主動學(xué)習(xí)。通過電腦形象的演示,加強印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學(xué)效率,進而增大教學(xué)的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)原則。