區(qū)分賓語從句、定于從句和狀語從句賓語從句和狀語從句,都叫做主從復合句。賓語從句主要是中考必考的,是初中階段必掌握的從句,賓語從句主要是掌握三要素,所謂賓語從句,就是賓語在主從復合句當中充當賓語的一個句子,叫做賓語從句。主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞,后面如果是詞或者是短語的話,是簡單句,如果是句子的話,肯定是賓語從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語從句,三要素,一要素是要注意連詞,連詞一共學了三類連詞,一類連詞是that口語當中可以省略,就像剛才說的那一句,I hear he is good at English.還有疑問代詞、疑問副詞,how where when,疑問代詞、疑問副詞。還有一類連詞weather是否的意思,不是狀語從句當中的如果,這一定要和如果區(qū)分開,這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語序,要用陳述舉語序。比如說你家有幾口人,我們都說How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡單句,一旦說成賓語從句,你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
本單元主要圍繞著有關瀕臨滅絕的動物這一話題,學習了應該怎樣保護我們的環(huán)境,以及就某一問題展開辯論。目標提示語言目標能夠運用所學知識,就某一問題展開辯論。認知目標1、復習一些語法:現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時、用used to 表示一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。2、學會表達同意和不同意。3、學會以下基本句型:We’re trying to save the manatees.Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day.There used to be a lot of manatees.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered.Some of the swamps have become polluted.情感目標了解一些瀕臨滅絕的動物的生活習性和瀕臨滅絕的原因,教育學生應該如何保護環(huán)境。教學提示充分利用多媒體等教學設備,創(chuàng)設與本課話題相關的情境,如各種不同種類的動物、動物園以及有關環(huán)境的畫畫等等。圍繞著本單元的教學目標,設計一些貼近學生實際的教學任務,如讓學生談論自己最喜歡的動物,如何拯救瀕危動物,如何保護環(huán)境等等。讓學生根據所學知識,就動物園是否對動物有利以及其他的話題進行辯論。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學步驟、時間 教師活動 學生活動 媒體應用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時教師用漢語問:“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學習)
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!歡迎你!請做一下自我介紹。認識一下你的新同學。”通常在課上老師會這樣說。你會說什么呢?“噢,不!”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思,并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢?閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對話?!巴蹰且粋€很棒的乒乓球運動員,不是嗎?”“我希望自己能認識她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是嗎?”反意疑問句是一種禮貌用語。為了使得談話成功,你應該知道怎樣去進行閑聊。你還應該知道與不同的人該談論什么樣的話題。認真的學習這個單元吧,下次在英語課上,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開談話是一件很容易的事情,不信我們來試試。)
(一).知識方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學生能運用過去進行時來描述、談論過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的事情或動作的意識和能力,能就過去某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學生講述過去發(fā)生的事情經過的能力。能正確運用一般過去時來講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語言目標是Talk about past events and tell a story(談論過去的時間和講述一個故事),圍繞這一目標,要涉及句型: What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學習standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點的詞,以便為上述句型提供語言材料。2.學習過去進行時的有關知識。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,是該時態(tài)的表達式。 3.在學習過程中,要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導的狀語從句的句型結構。注意它們的不同。
Step 1 Greeting Greet the class and check the homeworkStep 2 A duty report The S on duty gives a report on the rules in his home and lead in 3a “Sun Fei’s and Wu Yu’s rules” Step 3 ReadingSs read the conversation and write the two girls’ rules in the chart. Check the answers.Get Ss to read after the tape and then read aloud by themselves. Then, T explains the language points.Step 4 Pairwork 3bRole play. Use the information in chart to practice with the conversation in 3a covered. They can look at the sample conversation in the right box.Step 5 Task 2 “Who’s the best reporter?”Make a survey by asking any 5 students the questions in the chart in activity 4. Then give out a report about it. See who is the best reporter? And the best reporter will get a nice ball-pen.Step 6 Summary and homework:Write out the report in your exercise-books.Period ThreeStep 1 Greeting and a duty reportThe S gives a duty report talking about his experience of being late for school. Lead in the question “Do you ever get to school late? How often do you get to school late? Always, usually, sometimes, or never?Step 2 1a Get Ss to finish writing.Step 3 Pairwork 1b Get Ss to talk about their answers with their partners using the sample conversation in the box on the right.Step 4 Listening practice2a Lead-in: What will happen if you get to school late? What about Peter? Let’s listen to a conversation between Peter and his father. Get Ss to finish 2a (As usual, for the first time, Ss only listen.) Check the answers.
內容提示本單元主要內容是學會利用verb十by/with gerund表示方式方法來討論學習英語的策略,認識自己在學習方面的長處和不足。初步了解現(xiàn)在完成時的結構和用法?,F(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞構成,主要表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響或造成的后果,常與already,yet,just,ever,never等副詞連用。教學目標一、學習目標(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 學會討論各種學習方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出適合自己的學習方法。 二、語言結構(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+動名詞短語 表示“通過…途徑,方法” 2. How questions have引導的特殊疑問句 三、目標語言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎樣準備考試的?Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦,我和同學們一起學習。2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾經參加過學習小組嗎?Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,參加過。通過這種方式我學了許多。
光年是表示較大距離的一個單位, 而納米(nanometer)則是表示微小距離的單位。1納米= 米,即1米= 納米。我們通常使用的尺上的一小格是一毫米(mm),1毫米= 米??梢?,1毫米= 納米,容易算出,1納米相當于1毫米的一百萬分之一??上攵?,1納米是多么的小。超微粒子的大小一般在1~100 納米范圍內,故又稱納米粒子。納米粒子的尺寸小,表面積大,具有高度的活性。因此,利用納米粒子可制備活性極高的催化劑,在火箭固體燃料中摻入鋁的納米微粒,可提高燃燒效率若干倍。利用鐵磁納米材料具有很高矯頑力的特點,可制成磁性信用卡、磁性鑰匙,以及高性能錄像帶等 。利用納米材料等離子共振頻率的可調性可制成隱形飛機的涂料。納米材料的表面積大,對外界環(huán)境(物理的和化學的)十分敏感,在制造傳感器方面是有前途的材料,目前已開發(fā)出測量溫度、熱輻射和檢測各種特定氣體的傳感器。在生物和醫(yī)學中也有重要應用。納米材料科學是20世紀80年代末誕生并正在崛起的科技新領域,它將成為跨世紀的科技熱點之一。
請寫出 推理過程:∵ ,在兩邊同時加上1得, + = + .兩邊分別通分得: 思考:請仿照上面的方法,證明“如果 ,那么 ”.(3) 等比性質:猜想 ( ),與 相等嗎?能 否證明你的猜想?(引導學生從上述實例中找出證明方法)等比性質:如果 ( ),那么 = .思考:等比性質中,為什么要 這個條件?三、 鞏固練習:1.在相同時刻的物高與影長成比例,如果一建筑在地面上影長為50米,高為1.5米的測竿的影長為2.5米 ,那么,該建筑的高是多少米?2.若 則 3.若 ,則 四、 本課小結:1.比例的基本性質:a:b=c:d ;2. 合比性質:如果 ,那么 ;3. 等比性質:如果 ( ),五、 布置作業(yè):課本習題4.2
本節(jié)課采取了開門見山的切入方法,旨在激發(fā)學生的求知欲望,在學生已有的認識基礎上,讓學生經歷了“觀察、思考、探究、實踐”的過程。在總結出同類項定義后,沒有按通常的做法,即直接分析定義中的兩個條件,強調兩個條件缺一不可,而是通過一組練習,讓學生在具體問題中體會定義中的兩個條件缺一不可,使他們先有較強烈的感性認識,而后,分析定義中的兩個條件,這樣會給學生留下更深刻、更牢固的印象.這樣的設計既符合學生的年齡特征,也符合“從感性到理性、從具體到抽象”的認知規(guī)律。數學不應只強調抽象、嚴謹,這樣不但會更顯數學教學的枯燥,而且會使學生在學習中出現(xiàn)畏難情緒,甚至喪失學習數學的興趣。通過本節(jié)課的教學,我認為還存在一些不足,一部分學生的學習能力還有待于進一步培養(yǎng)。如:學習同類項的概念時,當把字母順序進行改變后,部分學生就認為不是同類項。
1. 小明的腳長23.6厘米,鞋號應是 號。2.小亮的腳長25.1厘米,鞋號應是 號。3.小王選了25號鞋,那么他的腳長約是大于等于 厘米且小于 厘米。小結:剛才同學們都體會到了分組編碼使原來繁多,無敘的數據簡化、有序。因此分組、編碼是整理數據的一種重要的方法,在工商業(yè)、科研等活動中有廣泛的應用(四)反饋練習課內練習以下是某校七年級南,女生各10名右眼裸視的檢測結果:0.2,0.5,0.7(女),1.0,0.3(女),1.2(女),1.5,1.2,1.5(女),0.4(女),1.5,1.1,1.2(女),0.8(女),1.5(女),0.6(女),1.0(女),0.8,1.5,1.2(1)這組數據是用什么方法獲得的?(2)學生右眼視力跟性別有關嗎?為了回答這個問題,你將怎樣處理這組數據?你的結論是什么?(五). 歸納小結,體味數學快樂通過本節(jié)課的學習,你有那些收獲?(課堂小結交給學生)數據收集的方法:直接觀察、測量、調查、實驗、查閱文獻資料、使用互連網等。整理數據的方法:分類、排序、分組編碼等。(學生可能還會指出鞋碼和腳長之間的關系等)
議一議數軸上的兩個點,右邊點表示的數與左邊點表示的數有怎樣的大小關系?數軸上表示的數,▁▁▁邊的總比▁▁▁邊的大;正數▁▁▁0,負數▁▁▁0,正數▁▁▁負數。練習:比較大小:-3▁5; 0 ▁-4 ;-3 ▁-2.5。3、合作交流(1) 什么是數軸?怎樣畫數軸。(2) 有理數與數軸上的點之間存在怎樣的關系?(3) 什么是相反數?怎樣求一個數的相反數?(4) 如何利用數軸比較有理數的大小?5、隨堂練習:(1)下列說法正確的是( ) A、 數軸上的點只能表示有理數B、 一個數只能用數軸上的一個點表示C、 在1和3之間只有2D、 在數軸上離原點2個單位長度的點表示的數是2 (2)語句:①-5是相反數?②-5與+3互為相反數③-5是5的相反數④-5和5互為相反數⑤0的相反數是0⑥-0=0。上述說法中正確的是( )
第五環(huán)節(jié):課堂小結內容:師生相互交流總結解二元一次方程組的基本思路是“消元”,即把“二元”變?yōu)椤耙辉保?解二元一次方程組的第一種解法——代入消元法,其主要步驟是:將其中的一個方程中的某個未知數用含有另一個未知數的代數式表示出來,并代入另一個方程中,從而消去一個未知數,化二元一次方程組為一元一次方程.解這個一元一次方程,便可得到一個未知數的值,再將所求未知數的值代入變形后的方程,便求出了一對未知數的值.即求得了方程組的解.目的:鼓勵學生通過本節(jié)課的學習,談談自己的收獲與感受,加深對 “溫故而知新” 的體會,知道“學而時習之”.設計效果:學生能夠在課堂上暢所欲言,并通過自己的歸納總結,進一步鞏固了所學知識.第六環(huán)節(jié):布置作業(yè)課本習題5.2教學設計反思1.引入自然.二元一次方程組的解法是學習二元一次方程組的重要內容.教材通過上一小節(jié)的實際問題,比較一元一次方程的列法和解法,從而自然引入二元一次方程組的代入消元解法.
第一環(huán)節(jié):回顧引入活動內容:①什么叫做定義?舉例說明.②什么叫命題?舉例說明. 活動目的:回顧上節(jié)知識,為本節(jié)課的展開打好基礎.教學效果:學生舉手發(fā)言,提問個別學生.第二環(huán)節(jié):探索命題的結構活動內容:① 探討命題的結構特征觀察下列命題,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的結構有什么共同特征?(1)如果兩個三角形的三條邊對應相等,那么這兩個三角形全等.(2)如果一個三角形是等腰三角形,那么這個三角形的兩個底角相等.(3)如果一個四邊形的一組對邊平行且相等,那么這個四邊形是平行四邊形.(4)如果一個四邊的對角線相等,那么這個四邊形是矩形.(5)如果一個四邊形的兩條對角線互相垂直,那么這個四邊形是菱形.② 總結命題的結構特征(1)上述命題都是“如果……,那么……”的形式.(2)“如果……”是已知的事項,“那么……”是由已知事項推斷出的結論.
2.法解二元一次方程組,是提升學生求解二元一次方程的基本技能課,在例題的設置上充分體現(xiàn)化歸思想.2.在學習二元一次方程組的解法中,關鍵是領會其本質思想——消元,體會“化未知為已知”的化歸思想.因而在教學過程中教師通過對問題的創(chuàng)設,鼓勵學生去觀察方程的特點,在過手訓練中提高學生的解答正確率和表達規(guī)范性,提升學生學會數學的信心,激發(fā)學習數學的興趣.3.通過精心設計的問題,引導學生在已有知識的基礎上,自己比較、分析得出二元一次方程組的解法,在鞏固訓練活動中,加深學生對“化未知為已知”的化歸思想的理解.特別是如何由代入消元法到加減消元法,過渡自然。讓學生深刻的體會到二元一次方程是一元一次方程的拓展,二元一次方程組又要通過“消元”,轉化為一元一次方程求解,這樣的轉化,不僅有助于學生掌握知識、技能和方法,提高學習效率,而且還加深了對數學中通性和通法的認識,體會學習數學和研究數學的規(guī)律,提升數學思維能力.
1.細講概念、強化訓練要想讓學生正確、牢固地樹立起算術平方根的概念,需要由淺入深、不斷深化的過程.概念是由具體到抽象、由特殊到一般,經過分析、綜合去掉非本質特征,保持本質屬性而形成的.概念的形成過程也是思維過程,加強概念形成過程的教學,對提高學生的思維水平是很有必要的.概念教學過程中要做到:講清概念,加強訓練,逐步深化.“講清概念”就是通過具體實例揭露算術平方根的本質特征.算術平方根的本質特征就是定義中指出的:“如果一個正數 的平方等于 ,即 ,那么這個正數 就叫做 的算術平方根,”的“正數 ”,即被開方數是正的,由平方的意義, 也是正數,因此算術平方根也必須是正的.當然零的算術平方根是零.
第一環(huán)節(jié)感受生活中的情境,導入新課通過若干圖片,引導學生感受生活中常常需要確定位置.導入新課:怎樣確定位置呢?——§3.1確定位置。第二環(huán)節(jié)分類討論,探索新知1.溫故啟新(1)溫故:在數軸上,確定一個點的位置需要幾個數據呢? 答:一個,例如,若A點表示-2,B點表示3,則由-2和3就可以在數軸上找到A點和B點的位置??偨Y得出結論:在直線上, 確定一個點的位置一般需要一個數據.(2)啟新:在平面內,又如何確定一個點的位置呢?請同學們根據生活中確定位置的實例,請談談自己的看法.2.舉例探究Ⅰ. 探究1(1)在電影院內如何找到電影票上指定的位置?(2)在電影票上“6排3號”與“3排6號”中的“6”的含義有什么不同?(3)如果將“6排3號”簡記作(6,3),那么“3排6號”如何表示?(5,6)表示什么含義? (4) 在只有一層的電影院內,確定一個座位一般需要幾個數據?結論:生活中常常用“排數”和“號數”來確定位置. Ⅱ. 學有所用(1) 你能用兩個數據表示你現(xiàn)在所坐的位置嗎?