4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說Who,其意思是問,對方想讓誰在開場時致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時,以及by、before后面接過去的時間時,主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導的定語從句中,主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實相反,且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示,我早就完成這項任務了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話,我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會,你就會見到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
本節(jié)課是人教社物理必修1第三章第三節(jié)的內(nèi)容,編排在彈力之后。該節(jié)知識既是力學的基礎(chǔ),也是組成整個高中物理知識的一塊“基石”,所以這節(jié)內(nèi)容的教學如何引領(lǐng)學生自主積極地探究摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件和影響因素,體驗摩擦力特點規(guī)律的發(fā)生過程是本節(jié)課的重點,應高度重視本節(jié)教學過程;由于摩擦力問題的復雜性,且在具體問題中又表現(xiàn)出“動中有靜,靜中有動”,尤其靜摩擦在許多情形下似乎又是“若有若無,方向不定”,因此,對于初學者也是有一定難度的。也正是由于教材內(nèi)容的上述特點,本節(jié)課又易于激起學生的求知欲,易于培養(yǎng)學生的辯證觀點,易于錘煉學生的物理素質(zhì)。要充分用好該節(jié)教材內(nèi)容,深入挖掘知識間的有機聯(lián)系,對學生開展針對性的思維訓練,進而提高學生應用物理知識解決實際問題的能力和創(chuàng)新思維能力。高中物理《課標》對該知識點的要求是,“通過實驗認識滑動摩擦、靜摩擦的規(guī)律,能用動摩擦因數(shù)計算摩擦力”。其中,對靜摩擦力規(guī)律的認識應該包括最大靜摩擦力。
(一)、復習提問1、請說出功的計算公式及功的單位2、我們用哪個物理量表示物體運動的快慢?(二)、創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,引入新課1、播放多媒體素材,用起重機和一個工人搬運幾百塊磚比較哪一種方法好?圖中的情景說明了什么問題?(教師通過所設(shè)計的情景,將學生引入怎樣比較做功快慢,讓學生發(fā)表自己的看法,初步知道物體做功是有快慢之分的。)(三)、進行新課1、比較做功快慢的方法播放多媒體素材并提出問題:怎樣比較兩個人誰做功快誰做功慢?教師啟發(fā):以前學習過要比較兩物體運動的快慢,可以先確定路程再比較時間,也可以先確定時間再比較路程。在路程和時間都不同時,通過計算速度比較兩物體運動的快慢。同理,要比較物體做功的快慢可采用什么方法?
探究一:高中階段功的含義是什么?投影:初中九年級《物理》105頁學生思考:①圖中物體的勢能、動能分別如何變化?②物體能量的變化和做功是否存在關(guān)系?學生:分組討論,得出結(jié)論:如果物體的能量發(fā)生變化時,說明有力對物體做了功。教師:進行點評和小結(jié)(設(shè)計意圖:對初中知識深化理論認識,并為以后功能關(guān)系的教學作準備)探究二:力對物體做功的兩個要素是什么?情景再現(xiàn):找體重相對懸殊的兩位同學,①A同學試圖抱起B(yǎng)同學,但沒成功。②B同學抱起A同學在教室內(nèi)勻速走動。學生思考:在①中,A是否對B做功?在②中,B是否對A做功?學生:分析得出做功的兩要素:物體受到力的作用,并且在力的方向上發(fā)生位移.教師:讓學生分別例舉生活中力對物體做功和不做功的例子,(設(shè)計意圖:讓學生親身參與課堂實驗,烘托課堂氣氛,相互協(xié)作增進同學情誼)探究三:如果物體的位移不再力的方向上,那么力是否還對物體做功?
一、說教材(一)、教材內(nèi)容《古代中國的發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)》是人教版高中歷史必修三第三單元第一課內(nèi)容,本課教材主要從五個方面的典型事例向?qū)W生介紹了古代中國幾千年的科技成就。本課一方面展示了古代中國人民的勤勞智慧以及對世界文明發(fā)展作出的巨大貢獻,另一方面也提出了一個重大問題引起學生的思考,即造成中國科技在近代落后的原因是什么。此外、本課在教材中具有承上啟下的地位和作用,前承中國傳統(tǒng)文化主流思想,后啟現(xiàn)代中國科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展。根據(jù)課標要求和教材內(nèi)容,我將本課的三維目標確定如下:(三)教學目標(1)知識與能力:掌握中國古代科技進步的基礎(chǔ)知識,特別是四大發(fā)明。認識古代中國四大發(fā)明對世界文明發(fā)展的貢獻,以及取得重大成就的原因。⑵過程與方法:通過指導學生課前閱讀課本,在課堂上進行問題探究、實驗體驗以及歷史比較,學會總結(jié)歸納。
一、教材分析下面我來談一談對教材的認識:主要從教材的地位和作用、以及在此基礎(chǔ)上確立的教學目標、教學重難點這三個方面來談。首先,來談教材的地位和作用:本課教材內(nèi)容主要從三個方面向?qū)W生介紹了現(xiàn)代中國教育的發(fā)展狀況和趨勢:人民教育的奠基、動亂中的教育和教育的復興,全面講述了新中國教育的三個階段。本課是文化史中中國史部分的最后一課, 也是必修三冊書中唯一涉及教育的一課。而教育是思想文化史中的重要組成部分,江澤民同志在談到教育的時候曾經(jīng)說過,“百年大計,教育為本。教育為本,在于育人”。教育是關(guān)系國計民生的大事。學生通過學習新中國教育發(fā)展的史實,理解“科教興國”、“國運興衰,系于教育”的深刻含義。最終由此激發(fā)學生樹立“知識改變命運、讀書成就人生”的信念,樹立勤奮學習、成人成才、報效祖國、服務社會的崇高理想。故本課的教學有極大的現(xiàn)實意義。談完了教材的地位和作用,我再分析一下教學目標:
四、穩(wěn)態(tài)的重要意義 為什么內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調(diào)后,會對機體造成危害?引導學生從細胞代謝需要的物質(zhì)和條件進行分析,最后總結(jié)出:內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)是機體進行正常生命活動的必要條件。如何預防內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)失調(diào)、保持機體健康?引導學生從外界環(huán)境和機體自身調(diào)節(jié)能力兩個方面去思考。即通過加強自我保健,減少外界環(huán)境變化對機體的不良影響,同時增強機體的調(diào)節(jié)能力以適應多變的外界環(huán)境。具體如何做?學生討論,總結(jié)。1.保護我們的生存環(huán)境,防治環(huán)境污染。2.加強體育鍛煉,增強體質(zhì),提高機體適應外界環(huán)境的能力。3.加強自我保健,為機體保持健康創(chuàng)造有利條件。尤其是處于比較惡劣的工作環(huán)境中的人,更應注意自身保健,如邊防戰(zhàn)士注意保暖、煉鋼工人注意降溫、抗洪戰(zhàn)士注意補充水鹽等。了解這些知識后才能懂得如何關(guān)愛自身和他人。
1. 該節(jié)內(nèi)容屬于人教版高中生物必修三《穩(wěn)態(tài)與環(huán)境》第一章第一節(jié)的內(nèi)容:細胞生活的環(huán)境。本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要突出的是內(nèi)環(huán)境的概念,為下一節(jié)穩(wěn)態(tài)的重要性及下一章動物和人的生命活動的調(diào)節(jié)做鋪墊。2. 教學目標:(1)知識目標:①描述內(nèi)環(huán)境的組成和理化性質(zhì)。②說明內(nèi)環(huán)境是細胞與外界環(huán)境進行物質(zhì)交換的媒介。(2)能力目標:①通過思考與討論培養(yǎng)學生語言表達能力②通過相關(guān)練習培養(yǎng)學生知識遷移的能力(3)情感目標:關(guān)注維持內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)與健康的關(guān)系。*目標確定依據(jù):主要根據(jù)課標要求及教材內(nèi)容特點。3.重難點及依據(jù)(1)重點:①內(nèi)環(huán)境的組成和理化性質(zhì)。②內(nèi)環(huán)境是細胞與外界環(huán)境進行物質(zhì)交換的媒介。*依據(jù):根據(jù)課標要求,同時是高考考點。(2)難點:①內(nèi)環(huán)境的組成和理化性質(zhì)。②內(nèi)環(huán)境是細胞與外界環(huán)境進行物質(zhì)交換的媒介。* 依據(jù):學生缺少相關(guān)的有機化學的知識基礎(chǔ),且內(nèi)容相對枯燥抽象。
5、歸納小結(jié),當堂演練(10分鐘)1、肉食動物不可能是一條食物鏈中的第幾營養(yǎng)級()A.第五B.第二C.第三D.第四2、對水稻→鼠→蛇→鷹這條食物鏈的錯誤描述是()A.水稻是生產(chǎn)者B.鼠是初級消費者C.蛇是次級消費者D.鷹屬于第三營養(yǎng)級3、在下列生物中,屬于分解的是()A.藍藻B.草履蟲C.蘑菇D.蝗蟲4、從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的組成成分看,硝化細菌和蚯蚓屬于()A.生產(chǎn)者和分解者B.生產(chǎn)者和消費者C.消費者和分解者D.分解者和消費者5、下列哪組生物可和無機環(huán)境組成一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)()A.水藻、鳥B.小魚、大魚C.小草、昆蟲、細菌D.水藻、蝦6、對草→昆蟲→食蟲鳥→鷹這條食物鏈的敘述,正確的是()A.有四個營養(yǎng)級,兩個次級消費者B.有三個營養(yǎng)級,一個生產(chǎn)者C.食蟲鳥是第三營養(yǎng)級、次級消費者D.有三個營養(yǎng)級,三個消費者(設(shè)計意圖)進行簡單扼要的課堂小結(jié)與練習,可以把課堂傳授的知識盡快地轉(zhuǎn)化為學生的素質(zhì);也可使學生更深刻地理解理論在實際生活中的應用。
強調(diào)重力對生長素分布的影響,為下面的內(nèi)容講解做鋪墊,明確植物出現(xiàn)向光性與生長素分布不均有關(guān)。復習舊知識,產(chǎn)生首因效應,鞏固和加強記憶。通過植物向光性是生長素分布較多而促進生長,進而提出“對于植物來說,生長素是不是越多越好”這個問題,引發(fā)思考,鍛煉思維。說明生長素濃度對不同器官產(chǎn)生的影響不同,讓學生對這一情況有一個整體印象。結(jié)合數(shù)學知識逐步分析圖上各點和各曲線的含義,引導學生得出不同器官對生長素濃度的敏感性順序,為解釋橫放植物“S”型生長做鋪墊。通過對曲線的分析,得出低生長素濃度起促進作用,高濃度有抑制作用這種雙重性,并得出其雙重性表現(xiàn)。通過以上的分析和總結(jié),對橫放植物“S”型生長進行解釋,達到首尾呼應的效果。采用“蒙太奇”手法,引申到“太空中,橫放植物將會如何生長”這個問題,引發(fā)學生的聯(lián)想和思考,以這種提問方式結(jié)課為下節(jié)課的開課做了鋪墊,掌握了主動權(quán)。
二、應用生長調(diào)節(jié)劑的注意事項1、效果不穩(wěn)定。2、使用時期。3、使用濃度和方法。4、使用生長調(diào)節(jié)劑僅是葡萄栽培管理的輔助手段,不能盲目孤立地依賴生長調(diào)節(jié)劑。生2:我們小組查的資料是關(guān)于小麥使用生長調(diào)節(jié)劑。小麥應用植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,可以調(diào)節(jié)植株的生長發(fā)育,具有控旺促壯、增強抗逆性、增加粒重、提高產(chǎn)量并有利于優(yōu)質(zhì)、早熟等多重效果。生3:我找了一篇生長調(diào)節(jié)劑對矮牽牛大型穴盤生產(chǎn)。師:上面三位同學利用課下的時間,在網(wǎng)上查的三段文字都相當?shù)牟诲e,大家可以從中學到一些書本上沒有的知識,請大家結(jié)合剛剛?cè)煌瑢W的三段文字以及自己平時所積累的知識,討論以下幾個問題。師:你知道哪些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在生產(chǎn)過程中使用了植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑?師:哪些水果在上市前有可能使用了乙烯利?師:生產(chǎn)過程中施用植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑,會不會影響農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)?師:如果你是水果銷售員,面對半青不熟的水果,你認為應當使用乙烯利催熟嗎?作為一個消費者,你又怎么看?
(5)根據(jù)實驗的第五部分——驗證性實驗結(jié)果,證實了達爾文關(guān)于植物向光性運動原因的假說――確實存在一種物質(zhì)致使胚芽尖端產(chǎn)生了向光運動。這樣通過多個實驗的多媒體演示過程,強化學生的思維,最終在學生的大腦中形成科學研究過程的”條件反射”。為了使學生初步學會”設(shè)計對照實驗的方法”,首先也利用多媒體的演示實驗,并在其中特意設(shè)置一些”陷阱”,通過多次”請學生進入‘陷阱’”,來強化設(shè)計實驗時應該控制的變量問題,從而在學生的認知領(lǐng)域里初步構(gòu)建出設(shè)計對照實驗的知識體系。3、歸納總結(jié)1934年,荷蘭科學家郭葛等人從植物中分離出了這種能使植物產(chǎn)生向光性的物質(zhì),并確定它就是吲哚乙酸。這就真正從化學物質(zhì)的角度證實了達爾文的假設(shè)。在能夠從植物體中分離提取出生長素之后,要想知道:除了能使植物產(chǎn)生向光運動之外,生長素對于植物的器官還有什么作用?可以采用哪種方法來進行試驗?
第二環(huán)節(jié)合作討論,獲得新的知識展示圖片,一塊草地上的全部蒲公英,估算所有蒲公英的數(shù)量,引出種群密度的概念?;氐絾栴}即調(diào)查蒲公英的種群密度,教師啟發(fā),學生閱讀教材討論總結(jié)說出樣方法,以問題承接“一片草地上的所有山羊”怎么知道其種群密度,激起學生認知沖突,進一步思考討論,得出標志重捕法,教師引導學生完成標志重捕法的概念、操作過程,計算公式,并與樣方法進行比較。教師陳述“種群密度是種群最基本的數(shù)量特征,反應種群在一定時期的數(shù)量,不能反應種群的變化趨勢”引出反映種群變化趨勢的其他特征——出生率和死亡率,遷入和遷出,年齡組成和性別比例。學生討論總結(jié)這些特征的概念、對種群密度的影響及對生產(chǎn)生活實踐的指導意義。使學生認同計劃生育國策,關(guān)注瀕危動物的種群數(shù)量變化。之后引導學生構(gòu)建種群特征的關(guān)系圖。再簡明闡述種群空間特征即:隨即分布,均勻分布、集群分布。第三環(huán)節(jié)反饋練習,鞏固新知識通過對學生練習結(jié)果的評價,了解學生對知識的掌握情況。即以學生為核心的教學評價。