【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
1. 表示時間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動詞作狀語時, 如所提供的動詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任, 這就是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時,動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
Step 3 Meaning1. 過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。2. was/were going to+動詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動作, 常用于口語中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時間狀語連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來計劃做某事, 動作沒實現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說她本來想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動詞的過去進行時: 表示就過去某一時刻而言即將發(fā)生的動作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個朋友。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
(一)例題引入籃球聯(lián)賽中,每場比賽都要分出勝負,每隊勝1場得2分,負1場得1分。某隊在10場比賽中得到16分,那么這個隊勝負場數(shù)分別是多少?方法一:(利用之前的知識,學(xué)生自己列出并求解)解:設(shè)剩X場,則負(10-X)場。方程:2X+(10-X)=16方法二:(老師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生一起列出方程組)解:設(shè)勝X場,負Y場。根據(jù):勝的場數(shù)+負的場數(shù)=總場數(shù) 勝場積分+負場積分=總積分得到:X+Y=10 2X+Y=16
根據(jù)教材分析和學(xué)情分析,我確定了以下三維目標:第一個目標是知識與技能:使學(xué)生掌握三位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的筆算方法。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生類推遷移的能力和口算的能力。第二個目標是過程與方法:使學(xué)生在小組內(nèi)經(jīng)歷筆算乘法計算的全過程,掌握算理和計算的方法第三個目標是情感、態(tài)度和價值觀:讓每一個學(xué)生在合作學(xué)習(xí)、匯報展示、課堂互動交流中體驗到學(xué)習(xí)帶來的喜悅,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生認真計算的良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。這節(jié)課的教學(xué)重點是使學(xué)生掌握三位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的計算方法。教學(xué)難點是使學(xué)生掌握三位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的計算方法并正確計算。針對這樣的教學(xué)目標、教學(xué)重點和難點,在教法上,我個人認為,在教學(xué)中應(yīng)當(dāng)突出學(xué)生的主體地位,通過啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)、設(shè)疑等教學(xué)手段及方法進行教學(xué)。
討論歸納,總結(jié)出多個有理數(shù)相乘的規(guī)律:幾個不等于0的因數(shù)相乘,積的符號由負因數(shù)的個數(shù)決定。當(dāng)負因數(shù)有奇數(shù)個時,積的符號為負;當(dāng)負因數(shù)有偶數(shù)個時,積的符號為正。只要有一個因數(shù)為0,積就為0。(2)幾個不等于0的因數(shù)相乘時,積的絕對值是多少?(生:積的絕對值是這幾個因數(shù)的絕對值的乘積.)例2、計算:(1) ;(2) 分析:(1)有多個不為零的有理數(shù)相乘時,可以先確定積的符號,再把絕對值相乘;(2)若其中有一個因數(shù)為0,則積為0。解:(1) = (2) =0練習(xí)(1) ,(2) ,(3) 6、探索活動:把-6表示成兩個整數(shù)的積,有多少種可能性?把它們?nèi)繉懗鰜?。(三)課堂小結(jié)通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),大家學(xué)會了什么?(1)有理數(shù)的乘法法則。(2)多個不等于0的有理數(shù)相乘,積的符號由負因數(shù)的個數(shù)決定。(3)幾個數(shù)相乘時,如果有一個因數(shù)是0,則積就為0。(4)乘積是1的兩個有理數(shù)互為倒數(shù)。(四)作業(yè):課本作業(yè)題
分析:(1)(2)用乘法的交換、結(jié)合律;(3)(4)用分配律,4.99寫成5-0.01學(xué)生板書完成,并說明根據(jù)什么?略例3、某校體育器材室共有60個籃球。一天課外活動,有3個班級分別計劃借籃球總數(shù)的 , 和 。請你算一算,這60個籃球夠借嗎?如果夠了,還多幾個籃球?如果不夠,還缺幾個?解:=60-30-20-15 =-5答:不夠借,還缺5個籃球。練習(xí)鞏固:第41頁1、2、7、探究活動 (1)如果2個數(shù)的積為負數(shù),那么這2個數(shù)中有幾個負數(shù)?如果3個數(shù)的積為負數(shù),那么這3個數(shù)中有幾個負數(shù)?4個數(shù)呢?5個數(shù)呢?6個數(shù)呢?有什么規(guī)律? (2)逆用分配律 第42頁 5、用簡便方法計算(三)課堂小結(jié)通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),大家學(xué)會了什么?本節(jié)課我們探討了有理數(shù)乘法的運算律及其應(yīng)用.乘法的運算律有:乘法交換律:a×b=b×a;乘法結(jié)合律:(a×b)×c=a×(b×c);分配律:a×(b+c)=a×b+a×c.在有理數(shù)的運算中,靈活運用運算律可以簡化運算.(四)作業(yè):課本42頁作業(yè)題
教學(xué)內(nèi)容:整數(shù)乘法運算定律推廣到小數(shù)乘法 (P.12頁例8和“做一做”,練習(xí)二第2題。)教學(xué)要求: 使學(xué)生理解整數(shù)乘法的運算定律對于小數(shù)同樣適用,并會運用乘法的運算定律進行一些小數(shù)的簡便計算。教學(xué)重點: 乘法運算定律中數(shù)(包括整數(shù)和小數(shù))的適用范圍。教學(xué)難點: 運用乘法的運算定律進行小數(shù)乘法的的簡便運算。教學(xué)用具:投影片若干張。教學(xué)過程:一、激發(fā):1、計算:25×95×4 25×32 4×48+6×48 102×562、在整數(shù)乘法中我們已學(xué)過哪些運算定律?請用字母表示出來。根據(jù)學(xué)生的回答,板書:乘法交換律 ab=ba乘法結(jié)合律 a(bc)=(ab)c乘法分配律 a(b+c)=ab+ac2、讓學(xué)生舉例說明怎樣應(yīng)用這些定律使計算簡便。(注意學(xué)生舉例時所用的數(shù)。)3、出示教材P.9頁的3組算式:下面每組算式左右兩邊的結(jié)果相等嗎?
⑴、理解小數(shù)乘法交換律、結(jié)合律和分配律的意義,能運用運算定律進行小數(shù)的計算簡便。⑵、經(jīng)歷發(fā)現(xiàn)歸納小數(shù)乘法交換律、結(jié)合律、分配律的全過程。學(xué)習(xí)“猜測—驗證”的科學(xué)思維方式,提高類比、分析、概括的能力。⑶、在合作交流的學(xué)習(xí)活動中,提高人際交往能力。4、教學(xué)重點、難點從猜測—驗證中歸納乘法交換律、結(jié)合律和分配律。二、教法和學(xué)法1、充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體作用,在教學(xué)中注意讓學(xué)生自主探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律、理解規(guī)律,通過猜測—驗證,引導(dǎo)啟發(fā)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極、主動地參與到知識的形成過程中去。2、自始至終注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察、比較、抽象概括能力,教給學(xué)生觀察、比較、抽象概括的方法。在教學(xué)中不僅引導(dǎo)學(xué)生有序地觀察比較,還充分運用小組合作討論的手段,進行小組合作討論,各抒己見,取長補短,在觀察到的感性材料的基礎(chǔ)上加以抽象概括,形成結(jié)論。
(6)交流。6的乘法口訣一共有幾句?口訣中的第一個數(shù)與算式中的第二個因數(shù)相同,表示什么?口訣中的第二個數(shù)與算式的第一個因數(shù)相同,表示什么?相鄰兩句口訣的積相差幾?哪幾句難記一些?你用什么方法記呢?怎樣記住"三六十八"、"四六二十四"兩句口訣?教師在學(xué)生發(fā)言的基礎(chǔ)上鼓勵學(xué)生大膽說、想出不同記口訣的方法。(7)應(yīng)用"做一做"第1題(學(xué)生半獨立完成):①用6根小棒擺1個六邊形;②擺2個六邊形要用多少根小棒?你是怎樣想的?(想口訣"二六十二"。)③運用所學(xué)的口訣口答擺4個、6個、3個、5個六邊形所需要向小棒數(shù)。"做一做"第2題(獨立完成):①將第2題改為填空題,在圓圈內(nèi)填寫正確的積;②口答得數(shù),并說一說所用口訣。
三、利用乘法口訣進行計算1.復(fù)習(xí)口訣的含義。任意挑出一句乘法口訣(兩個因數(shù)不同的),讓學(xué)生說說它表示什么意思。如"七八五十六",使學(xué)生知道它既表示8個7相加是56,又表示?個8相加是56。2.以游戲的方式開展用口訣進行計算的活動。(1)已知兩個因數(shù)求積的游戲。方法是:請一位學(xué)生隨意說出一個兩位數(shù),另一位學(xué)生則將這個兩位數(shù)的十位數(shù)字與個位數(shù)字相乘,并算出結(jié)果,如果結(jié)果又是一個兩位數(shù),再將這個兩位數(shù)的十位數(shù)字和個位數(shù)字相乘,直至結(jié)果是一位數(shù)或零。如,一位學(xué)生說:"79",另一位學(xué)生則口算:7X9=636X3=181X8=8;一位學(xué)生說:"58":另一位學(xué)生口算:5X8=404X0=0(告訴學(xué)生0和一個數(shù)相乘得零)一位學(xué)生報了3個數(shù)以后,互換角色進行。(2)已知積求兩個因數(shù)的游戲。
在課堂上,我通過點播和啟發(fā),充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的主體意識,讓學(xué)生體會成功的喜悅。在這里放手讓學(xué)生找規(guī)律,順勢而導(dǎo)地將其引向“精彩”,使課堂教學(xué)在“預(yù)設(shè)”與“生成”的融合中放出異彩。當(dāng)然了,更重要的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握找規(guī)律的數(shù)學(xué)思考方法,發(fā)展了數(shù)學(xué)能力。在記憶口訣之前,我讓學(xué)生找找口訣中的規(guī)律,然后讓學(xué)生運用自己發(fā)現(xiàn)的特點去記憶口訣,這樣學(xué)生就不會感到枯燥疲憊,而會主動積極的去記憶,讓學(xué)生感到自己才是學(xué)習(xí)的主人。課堂上我還設(shè)計了《西游記》中的一段故事情節(jié)幫助記憶口訣,通過有趣的人物形象,大大地激發(fā)了學(xué)生對口訣的興趣。對于特別難記的口訣,讓學(xué)生討論交流、尋找規(guī)律,有效地激發(fā)孩子的探究心和創(chuàng)造欲,學(xué)生想出了聯(lián)系上、下句記憶,或者用以前學(xué)的乘法口訣進行記憶等方法。(四)分層練習(xí),由淺入深。這里的練習(xí)主要分基本練習(xí)及拓展性綜合練習(xí)(解決實際問題)兩類。首先,通過對口令、口算練習(xí),進一步鞏固口訣。
一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,導(dǎo)入新課教師邊放課件邊講故事):今天老師給你們講一個“猴媽媽分桃”的故事。有一天,一群小猴到山下去玩,走著走著,看到一棵桃樹上結(jié)滿了又大又紅的桃,就摘了很多?;丶液?,猴媽媽看到小猴們拿了這么多桃回來,可高興了,說:“媽媽分桃給你們吃?!倍?、合作交流,探索新知1、動手操作,探究方法(1)提出問題。師:小猴摘了多少個桃?準備每只小猴分3個,可分給幾只猴子?(板書:12個桃,每只小猴分3個,可以分給幾只小猴?)(2)學(xué)生列式:12÷3=(3)分一分學(xué)生小組合作,動手分一分。(可以用其他的物體代替)(4)說一說分的過程可能有以下幾種:第一種:先分給第一只小猴3個桃,再分給第二只小猴3個桃,然后給第3只小猴3個桃,最后3個桃正好分給第四只小猴?!?2個桃可分4只猴子。
一、說教材《筆算不進位乘法》是在學(xué)生學(xué)會表內(nèi)乘法,整十、整百數(shù)乘一位數(shù)的口算、萬以內(nèi)加減法的基礎(chǔ)上進行編排的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。教材根據(jù)學(xué)生已有的基礎(chǔ),來引領(lǐng)學(xué)生推導(dǎo)出筆算的方法,并聯(lián)系實際情景,使學(xué)生深刻的體會到多位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)在現(xiàn)實生活中的應(yīng)用。同時,本節(jié)課也為學(xué)生繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)《筆算進位乘法》提供了算理依據(jù)和算法模型。因此,本課時的內(nèi)容在本單元中占據(jù)重要的地位。結(jié)合教材分析,我確立了以下的教學(xué)目標:教學(xué)目標:使學(xué)生學(xué)會乘法豎式的書寫格式,理解筆算乘法的算理,掌握筆算乘法的計算方法。過程與方法中,讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷多位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)(不進位)的計算過程,體驗計算方法的多樣化。使學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)活動中獲得成功,體驗學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的樂趣。教學(xué)重、難點:使學(xué)生掌握多位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)的筆算方法及乘法豎式書寫格式。理解多位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)的筆算算理。
本課內(nèi)容安排在學(xué)習(xí)了2—5的乘法口訣后,考慮到以后每次出現(xiàn)的口訣都比較多,而且較難記,所以學(xué)習(xí)乘加乘減也是為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)后面的乘法口訣。本課的教學(xué)內(nèi)容有兩個特點:一是讓學(xué)生在實際生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,為解決實際問題列出乘加、乘減的算式,并感受解決問題的策略和方法是多樣的,通過對各種方法的比較能進一步加強對乘法意義的理解;二是第一冊學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)過了連加、連減,它的計算順序是從左到右,依次計算。本冊的乘加、乘減都是只教學(xué)乘法在前,加、減法在后的題型,計算順序同樣是從左至右;但在教學(xué)中,不能讓學(xué)生這樣說,而必須是學(xué)生明確要先算乘法,教材的設(shè)計就正是如此,沒把“先算乘法”作為運算順序機械的灌輸給學(xué)生,而是在現(xiàn)實的問題情境中聯(lián)系解題策略,使學(xué)生依據(jù)問題的情理確定先算乘法,真正明白算理。根據(jù)教材特點,制定如下教學(xué)目標知識目標:在實際問題的情境中感受乘加、乘減算式的意義,能用不同的方法解決問題,知道乘加乘減算式的運算順序。
(二)解決問題,總結(jié)方法《新課程標準》主張充分挖掘數(shù)學(xué)教材潛在的“再創(chuàng)造空間”,讓學(xué)生親自經(jīng)歷將實際問題抽象成數(shù)學(xué)模型并進行解釋與應(yīng)用的過程,讓學(xué)生最大限度地參與數(shù)學(xué)知識的發(fā)現(xiàn)、提出、形成、應(yīng)用的再創(chuàng)造過程,以促進學(xué)生主動的發(fā)展。因此我創(chuàng)設(shè)了福娃晶晶為迎接奧運會做準備的數(shù)學(xué)情景,設(shè)計了四組有關(guān)7、8、9的用除法算式解決的數(shù)學(xué)問題。1、出示晶晶的問題:(1)做了56面彩旗,平均每行掛7面,能掛多少行?(2)做了56面彩旗,要掛成8行,平均每行掛多少面?(3)做了49顆五角星,平均分給7個小朋友,每人多少顆五角星?(4)準備了27個氣球,平均9個擺一行,能擺多少行?2、解決晶晶的問題:讓學(xué)生根據(jù)"友情提示"的要求完成自學(xué)內(nèi)容后再小組交流、全班交流。在交流過程中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察:56÷8=7和56÷7=8這兩個算式,從而發(fā)現(xiàn)一句乘法口訣可以計算兩個除法算式。
(四).拓展延伸,提高認識。這節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)了什么?你是怎樣進行估算的?你是怎樣學(xué)習(xí)方法的?估算方法的認識:兩數(shù)很接近最好一個估大,一個估小。如果兩數(shù)相差很大,要看大數(shù)。估算的要求:計算方便;與實際得數(shù)接近;符合實際情況學(xué)習(xí)估算的方法:把結(jié)果與準確計算結(jié)果比;策略要符合實際情況;總之,要放在實踐中學(xué)習(xí)。[從總結(jié)內(nèi)容,總結(jié)方法,總結(jié)評價標準,總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)過程多個角度去評價自己的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生明白:我學(xué)到了什么?我是怎樣學(xué)習(xí)的?我學(xué)習(xí)得怎么樣?]四.預(yù)設(shè)結(jié)果。這節(jié)課這樣教以后,學(xué)生可能都會達到預(yù)定的教學(xué)目標,也學(xué)得比較輕松愉快。在經(jīng)歷一系列現(xiàn)實問題后,學(xué)生不再覺得估算難以捉摸,并會對估算教學(xué)產(chǎn)生親切感??傊@樣的教學(xué)設(shè)計,會讓學(xué)生體會到更多的估算價值,學(xué)生解決實際問題能力也會大大提高。