The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
1. 標(biāo)題首先根據(jù)海報(bào)的特點(diǎn)、格式寫明標(biāo)題。海報(bào)中往往把內(nèi)容作為大標(biāo)題。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海報(bào)其正文部分的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。對(duì)于介紹性的海報(bào), 首先要引出話題, 其次列出原因, 最后是總結(jié)。對(duì)于宣傳類的海報(bào), 要寫明具體內(nèi)容, 如: 活動(dòng)內(nèi)容, 地點(diǎn)以及參加活動(dòng)的注意事項(xiàng), 主持或舉辦單位等。1. 圖片: 要選擇引人注目的圖片, 與主題要相關(guān), 色彩明亮。話題句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我國的國寶。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上僅現(xiàn)存幾千只熊貓。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因?yàn)槿祟惖幕顒?dòng), 老虎處于瀕危的狀態(tài)。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生動(dòng)物面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施來保護(hù)它們。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人們應(yīng)該提高保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的意識(shí)。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃驚, 目前中國僅有不足1 000只江豚。
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把車停下來(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(讓我們的車充電(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)...很驚訝)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神專注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把這幅畫的復(fù)制品裝箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用過去分詞對(duì)下列句子進(jìn)行改寫。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
This unit is about history and traditions. From the opening page, we can know that this unit will introduce the history and traditions around the world. As Marcus Garvey says “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”, it is important for students to realize the importance and value of knowing the history and traditions and their further meanings. And this part ( listening and speaking ) is divided into two parts: Part A---share views on historic sites, Part B ---talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination. By talking with a foreigner, the speakers introduce the historic attractions and their cultures. Part A is that William, a British student, who was going to visit the Confucius Temple and a Chinese student, Xiao Kong, who was going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. Part B is a conversation between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel receptionist and Paul, a backpacker about the feelings and experience after visiting the Chinese famous tourist attraction Pingyao.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to talk about historic spots and great person.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to discuss with their peers the related topics.3. Enable students to use the functional items of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.
Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀(jì),愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.
有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅(jiān)持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價(jià)值精神與社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求結(jié)合起來,批判地繼承計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對(duì)其進(jìn)行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)。其一,強(qiáng)調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為了維護(hù)集體成員的正當(dāng)個(gè)人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強(qiáng)調(diào)集體至上性、絕對(duì)性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)個(gè)人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護(hù)各個(gè)集體成員的個(gè)人利益,實(shí)現(xiàn)組成集體的各個(gè)主體的自我價(jià)值。這種新型的集體主義是對(duì)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下社會(huì)關(guān)系的真實(shí)反映,既與個(gè)人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進(jìn)性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。
a矛盾的同一性是矛盾雙方相互吸引、相互聯(lián)結(jié)的屬性和趨勢(shì)。它有兩方面的含義:一是矛盾雙方相互依賴,一方的存在以另一方的存在為前提,雙方共處于一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體中;同一事物都有對(duì)立面和統(tǒng)一面兩個(gè)方面,一方的存在以另一方為條件,彼此誰都離不開誰(形影想隨、一個(gè)巴掌拍不響、不是冤家不聚頭)?!九e例】P67漫畫:他敢剪嗎?懸掛在山崖上的兩個(gè)人構(gòu)成一種動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡。【舉例】磁鐵(S極和N極);沒有上就沒有下、沒有香就沒有臭、沒有福就無所謂禍;【舉例】父子關(guān)系(父親之所以是父親,因?yàn)橛袃鹤?,兒子之所以是兒子,因?yàn)橛懈赣H);師生關(guān)系;二是矛盾雙方相互貫通,即相互滲透、相互包含,在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。 【相關(guān)銜接】P68生物變性現(xiàn)象,雌雄轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象【舉例】生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)具有直接統(tǒng)一性
不可知論是否認(rèn)人們認(rèn)識(shí)世界或徹底改造世界的可能性的哲學(xué)學(xué)說。此概念首先由英國的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出,不可知論的思想在古代就已產(chǎn)生,歐洲近代的主要代表是休謨和康德。其本質(zhì)是把人的感覺看作是主觀和客觀之間的屏障而不是橋梁,不承認(rèn)在感覺之外有確實(shí)可靠的客觀外部世界的存在,不懂得認(rèn)識(shí)過程中本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象、有限與無限的辯證關(guān)系。對(duì)不可知論最有力的駁斥是實(shí)踐。有時(shí)不可知論一詞也用以專指針對(duì)宗教教義而提出的一種學(xué)說,認(rèn)為上帝是否存在、靈魂是否不朽是不可知的。2.二元論二元論是認(rèn)為世界有兩個(gè)本原的哲學(xué)學(xué)說,與一元論相對(duì)立,它把物質(zhì)和意識(shí)絕對(duì)對(duì)立起來,認(rèn)為物質(zhì)和意識(shí)是兩個(gè)各自獨(dú)立、相互平行發(fā)展著的實(shí)體,誰也不產(chǎn)生誰,誰也不決定誰,都是世界的本原。它的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的:它肯定精神不依賴于物質(zhì)而獨(dú)立存在,這本身就是唯心主義的觀點(diǎn);它雖然承認(rèn)物質(zhì)是獨(dú)立的本原,但在說明物質(zhì)和精神的關(guān)系時(shí),又把精神說成是唯一具有能動(dòng)性的力量,必然倒向唯心主義。主要代表人物是法國的笛卡兒和德國的康德。
2.能力目標(biāo)(1)通過本課的學(xué)習(xí),要求著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生全面地、聯(lián)系地看問題和分析問題的能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力,以及運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)分析、處理和解決實(shí)際問題的能力。(2)使學(xué)生初步具有從錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的聯(lián)系中認(rèn)識(shí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)事物本質(zhì)的、固有的、內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系的能力,初步學(xué)會(huì)用全面的、聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)看問題的能力。(3)使學(xué)生初步具有堅(jiān)持和把握整體與部分辯證關(guān)系的能力,初步具有運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的方法安排自己學(xué)習(xí)和生活的能力。在處理問題時(shí),既要看到整體與部分之間的聯(lián)系又要看到它們的區(qū)別,掌握系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的方法,學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用綜合性的思維方式認(rèn)識(shí)事物和處理生活、學(xué)習(xí)和工作中的問題。3.情感、態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)(1)樹立唯物辯證法的聯(lián)系觀,自覺抵制形而上學(xué)的靜止觀。堅(jiān)持用聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)看問題,自覺維護(hù)人類生存的環(huán)境,確信一切以時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和條件為轉(zhuǎn)移,是我們正確認(rèn)識(shí)和把握事物、在認(rèn)識(shí)世界和改造世界的活動(dòng)中不斷取得成功的關(guān)鍵。
此探究活動(dòng)的目的是為了說明馬克思主義哲學(xué)是科學(xué)完整的體系。在探究活動(dòng)時(shí)可以首先向?qū)W生簡(jiǎn)單介紹西方哲學(xué)的發(fā)展歷史,使學(xué)生對(duì)馬克思主義哲學(xué)在整個(gè)西方哲學(xué)中的位置和地位有個(gè)大致了解。離開了這個(gè)大的背景,學(xué)生對(duì)馬克思主義哲學(xué)就容易摸不著頭緒。馬克思主義哲學(xué)之前的唯物主義的局限性表現(xiàn)在:古代樸素的帶有辯證法性質(zhì)的唯物主義主要是追問世界的本原問題,這時(shí)的哲學(xué)缺乏近代科學(xué)作為基礎(chǔ),因此它更多的是一種猜測(cè)。它雖然看到了世界的聯(lián)系和變化,但它還無法理解聯(lián)系和變化背后的基礎(chǔ)和原因。近代形而上學(xué)的唯物主義主要是追問人的認(rèn)識(shí)問題,即人的認(rèn)識(shí)的來源是什么,是什么保證人的認(rèn)識(shí)的可靠性。但它對(duì)人的認(rèn)識(shí)問題的解決主要是立足于對(duì)世界的一種直觀觀察,認(rèn)為人的認(rèn)識(shí)來源于對(duì)世界的直觀的、機(jī)械的反映。它不理解人的實(shí)踐活動(dòng),不理解人是在改造世界的過程中認(rèn)識(shí)世界,人的認(rèn)識(shí)是在實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上的能動(dòng)反映。
2、理解目標(biāo)(1)發(fā)展的普遍性;(2)事物發(fā)展的道路和方向;事物發(fā)展的形式;3、運(yùn)用目標(biāo)(1)根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí),結(jié)合相關(guān)原理,分析說明自然界、人類社會(huì)是無限發(fā)展的。了解唯物辯證法是關(guān)于世界普遍聯(lián)系的科學(xué),又是關(guān)于世界永恒發(fā)展的科學(xué)。(2)根據(jù)有關(guān)原理,理解事物發(fā)展的前途是光明的,道路是曲折的,說明新事物必然戰(zhàn)勝舊事物是宇宙間不可抗拒的規(guī)律。(3)結(jié)合古人有關(guān)的名言警句,組織學(xué)生討論生活和學(xué)習(xí)中的具體問題,分析量變和質(zhì)變的辨證統(tǒng)一關(guān)系對(duì)于生活和實(shí)踐的意義。二、能力目標(biāo)1、通過學(xué)習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識(shí)事物發(fā)展的方向、發(fā)展的道路和發(fā)展的形式,用發(fā)展的眼光看問題、分析問題的能力。2、使學(xué)生初步具有運(yùn)用科學(xué)發(fā)展觀觀察、分析和處理自然和社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的能力。3、使學(xué)生初步形成正確對(duì)待生活中的失敗與成功、困難挫折與理想目標(biāo)之間關(guān)系的能力。
7、人總是按照自己對(duì)周圍世界和人生的理解做事。有人認(rèn)為命由天定,因而身處困境只是消極等待、逆來順受;有人認(rèn)為人定勝天,因而在困難面前積極奮爭(zhēng)、不屈不撓。以上材料說明( )A哲學(xué)源于人們對(duì)實(shí)踐的追問和對(duì)世界的思考B世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)著世界觀C哲學(xué)不等于自發(fā)的世界觀D哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說8、世界觀和方法論的關(guān)系是()A世界觀和方法論相互決定B方法論決定世界觀,世界觀體現(xiàn)方法論 C世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)世界觀 D世界觀和方法論相互影響,相互決定9、下列關(guān)于哲學(xué)、世界觀、具體知識(shí)之間聯(lián)系的正確說法是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀和具體知識(shí)的統(tǒng)一B哲學(xué)就是科學(xué)的世界觀和具體知識(shí)C哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說,是具體知識(shí)的概括和總結(jié)D哲學(xué)決定世界觀,世界觀決定具體知識(shí)10、下列對(duì)哲學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí),不正確的是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說B哲學(xué)是世界觀和方法論的統(tǒng)一C哲學(xué)是理論化、系統(tǒng)化、科學(xué)化的世界觀D哲學(xué)是對(duì)具體知識(shí)的概括和總結(jié)
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn):1、哲學(xué)與時(shí)代的關(guān)系(重點(diǎn))2、馬克思主義哲學(xué)是科學(xué)的世界觀和方法論(重點(diǎn))3、實(shí)踐的觀點(diǎn)在馬克思主義哲學(xué)中占有重要的地位和作用(重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn))4、馬克思主義中國化的三大理論成果(重點(diǎn))教學(xué)課時(shí)安排:3課時(shí)【導(dǎo)入新課】德國人和中國人一同坐火車從德國的法蘭克福去巴黎。途中上來一位客人,這位客人將手里端著的魚缸放在空座上。德國人開始發(fā)問:“您能告訴我這魚的名稱嗎?它在生物學(xué)上屬于什么類別?它在科學(xué)上的意義又是什么?”中國人則問:“這種魚是紅燒好吃,還是清蒸更好吃一點(diǎn)?”這一故事體現(xiàn)了中西方思維方式的差異,這一差異也折射出中西方哲學(xué)上的差異。西方哲學(xué)起源于古希臘哲學(xué),表現(xiàn)為對(duì)各種現(xiàn)象之后的原因的關(guān)注和對(duì)確定性的追求,強(qiáng)調(diào)理性認(rèn)知。中國哲學(xué)主要是儒家哲學(xué),主要集中在政治倫理方面,表現(xiàn)為對(duì)人的關(guān)懷和規(guī)范,強(qiáng)調(diào)感性體驗(yàn)。中西方哲學(xué)為何出現(xiàn)這樣的差異?哲學(xué)與政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)有怎樣的關(guān)系?
3、運(yùn)用目標(biāo)(1)運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)說明世界真正的統(tǒng)一性就在于它的物質(zhì)性(2)運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)及相關(guān)哲學(xué)原理,分析作為物質(zhì)觀發(fā)展的第一個(gè)基本階段,古代樸素唯物主義物質(zhì)觀的局限性,從分析論證中加深對(duì)辯證唯物主義物質(zhì)觀的科學(xué)性的理解(3)列舉實(shí)際事例,結(jié)合相關(guān)哲學(xué)原理,討論如果只承認(rèn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的絕對(duì)性,而否認(rèn)靜止的相對(duì)性會(huì)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果,分析馬克思主義哲學(xué)為什么要堅(jiān)持絕對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)與相對(duì)靜止的統(tǒng)一(4)世界是有規(guī)律的,規(guī)律是普遍的。列舉實(shí)際事例,分析任何事物都有其內(nèi)在的規(guī)律性,規(guī)律是客觀的,是不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的,但是人在規(guī)律目前并不是無能為力的二、能力目標(biāo)1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自覺運(yùn)用馬克思主義的物質(zhì)觀分析宇宙間一切事物及現(xiàn)象的能力2、鍛煉學(xué)生理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識(shí)世界的本質(zhì),并能夠自覺地按照客觀規(guī)律辦事的能力
1973年4月的一天,一名男子站在紐約的街頭,掏出一個(gè)約有兩塊磚頭大的無線電話,并開始通話。這個(gè)人就是手機(jī)的發(fā)明者馬丁,當(dāng)時(shí)他是摩托羅拉公司的工程技術(shù)人員。這是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上第一部移動(dòng)電話。1985年,第一臺(tái)現(xiàn)代意義上的可以商用的移動(dòng)電話誕生。它是將電源和天線放置在一個(gè)盒子里,重量達(dá)3公斤。與現(xiàn)代形狀接近的手機(jī)誕生于1987年,其重量大約750克,與今天僅重60克的手機(jī)相比,像一塊大磚頭。此后,手機(jī)的“瘦身”越來越迅速。1991年,手機(jī)重量為250克左右。1996年秋,r出現(xiàn)了體積為100立方厘米、重量100克的手機(jī)。此后,又進(jìn)一步小型化,輕型化,到1999年就輕到了60克以下。手機(jī)的體積越來越小,但功能卻越來越多。以前的手機(jī)是用來通話的,現(xiàn)在的手機(jī)是用來享受的。今天,手機(jī)可以是相機(jī)、游戲機(jī)、音樂播放器、信用卡、電影院……手機(jī)帶來的不僅僅是通信方式的改變,更是生活方式的變革。
探究活動(dòng)8(教材第72頁):“結(jié)合生活事例,談?wù)勀阍诿鎸?duì)復(fù)雜事物時(shí)是如何分析和解決矛盾的?”這一探究活動(dòng)是在學(xué)生還不了解主次矛盾的原理時(shí),讓他們回憶自己在生活中有沒有遇到過面對(duì)許多矛盾時(shí)是如何解決的經(jīng)歷。比如,每天面對(duì)很多作業(yè),先做哪門課作業(yè)后做哪門作業(yè),你是如何考慮的?在學(xué)校面對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和社會(huì)工作,你是怎么安排的?在生活中,你遇到這樣的情況都是怎樣解決的?通過探究活動(dòng),使學(xué)生弄清主次矛盾的原理,學(xué)會(huì)用矛盾分析法分析問題。探究活動(dòng)9(教材第73頁):“你在生活中是如何分析具體問題的?”這一探究活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“你”在生活中是如何運(yùn)用分析法分析具體問題的,要緊緊圍繞學(xué)生這一中心,首先強(qiáng)調(diào)具體問題具體分析的方法非常重要,這是馬克思主義的一個(gè)原則,是馬克思主義的活的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)運(yùn)用這種分析方法分析看待自己,分析看待社會(huì)。可以組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論、交流,還可以讓學(xué)生撰寫小論文,寫出自己運(yùn)用這種分析方法分析了哪些具體問題,有哪些感受。
二是中國人口多、資源相對(duì)不足日益成為制約發(fā)展的突出矛盾。我國人均水資源擁有量?jī)H為世界平均水平的1/4,600多個(gè)城市中,400多個(gè)缺水,其中110個(gè)嚴(yán)重缺水。我國人均耕地?fù)碛辛坎坏绞澜缙骄降?0%。石油、天然氣、銅和鋁等重要礦產(chǎn)資源的人均儲(chǔ)量分別只占世界人均水平的8.3%、4.1%、25.5%、9.7%。三是我國這20年來經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,能源浪費(fèi)大、環(huán)境破壞嚴(yán)重等問題日益凸顯,人與自然的矛盾從未像今天這樣突出。無序、無度的消耗,迅速透支我們寶貴的資源。以下是來自國家環(huán)??偩值囊唤M沉甸甸的數(shù)據(jù)?!獜纳鲜兰o(jì)50到90年代,每年沙化土地?cái)U(kuò)大面積從560平方公里增加到2460平方公里,我國18個(gè)省的471個(gè)縣、近4億人口的耕地和家園正受到不同程度的荒漠化威脅?!?952年我國人均耕地2.82畝,2003年人均耕地減少到1.43畝,在各地轟轟烈烈的“圈地”熱潮中僅最近7年全國耕地就減少了1億畝,被占耕地大量閑置。
二、分析題20世紀(jì)9 0年代以來,世界各國把發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)、建立循環(huán)型社會(huì)看作是實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要途徑和實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是一種“資源―產(chǎn)品―廢棄物”單向流動(dòng)的線形經(jīng)濟(jì)。循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)倡導(dǎo)的是一種與環(huán)境和諧的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式,它要求把經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)組織成一個(gè)“資源-產(chǎn)品-再生資源”的反復(fù)循環(huán)流程,做到生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)“污染排放量最小化、廢物資源化和無害化”,以最小的成本獲得最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和生態(tài)效益。分析說明循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)所倡導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式是如何體現(xiàn)聯(lián)系觀點(diǎn)的?!敬鸢柑崾尽浚?)聯(lián)系具有普遍性和客觀性。循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)是資源、產(chǎn)品、再生資源相互聯(lián)系的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一整體,它體現(xiàn)了聯(lián)系的普遍性和客觀性。(2)聯(lián)系具有多樣性。“資源-產(chǎn)品-再生資源”的反復(fù)循環(huán)體現(xiàn)了原因和結(jié)果在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化;體現(xiàn)了三者之間的內(nèi)部聯(lián)系、外部聯(lián)系等。(3)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)表明人們可以根據(jù)事物的固有聯(lián)系,改變事物的狀態(tài),建立新的具體聯(lián)系,以實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、生態(tài)效益和社會(huì)效益的統(tǒng)一。
教師活動(dòng):那種“選舉與我無關(guān)”,“選誰都可以”的想法,是公民意識(shí)不強(qiáng)、主人翁意識(shí)不強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)。那么,怎樣才能行使好自己的選舉權(quán)呢?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們根據(jù)上面的學(xué)習(xí),談?wù)勛约旱南敕āW(xué)生活動(dòng):思考討論教師點(diǎn)評(píng):2、 如何行使好自己的選舉權(quán)(1)要不斷提高自己參與民主選舉的素養(yǎng),端正參加選舉的態(tài)度,提高選舉能力,選出切實(shí)能代表人民利益的人。(2)要增強(qiáng)主人翁責(zé)任感和公民參與意識(shí),積極參加選舉,認(rèn)真行使自己的選舉權(quán)。(3)要不斷提高政治參與能力,在理性判斷基礎(chǔ)上,鄭重投出自己的一票。(三)課堂總結(jié)、點(diǎn)評(píng)本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了我國的選舉方式以及如何珍惜自己的選舉權(quán)利的有關(guān)知識(shí),懂得我國是人民民主專政的社會(huì)主義國家,人民當(dāng)家作主,應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)主人翁責(zé)任感,自覺珍惜并運(yùn)用好選舉權(quán),以促進(jìn)我國的民主政治建設(shè),維護(hù)人民的根本利益。