二、整體感知1.導(dǎo)入新課同學(xué)們《細(xì)胞生命的禮贊》是一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家關(guān)于生命、人生、社會(huì)乃至宇宙的思考。思想博大而深邃,信息龐雜而新奇,批評(píng)文明,嘲弄愚見,開闊眼界、激發(fā)思索。而其文筆又少見的優(yōu)美、清新、幽默、含蓄,無(wú)愧當(dāng)今科學(xué)散文中的大家手筆。無(wú)怪乎自1974年出版后,立即引起美國(guó)讀書界和評(píng)論界的巨大反響和熱烈歡呼,獲得當(dāng)年美國(guó)國(guó)家圖書獎(jiǎng),此后18年來(lái)由好幾家出版社印了二十多版,至今暢行不衰!年過(guò)花甲的劉易斯·托馬斯的名字因這一本小書而家喻戶曉,有口皆碑,以至于在他接連拋出后兩本書時(shí),書商都不用再作廣告,只喊聲"《細(xì)胞生命的禮贊》一書作者劉易斯·托馬斯的新著"就夠了。今天我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)選自這部書的精彩章節(jié)《作為生物的社會(huì)》(板書課題)。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.熟讀全文,掌握文中出現(xiàn)的重要的實(shí)詞、虛詞、古漢語(yǔ)句式;2.鑒賞本文融情于事的表達(dá)和形象精粹的語(yǔ)言;3.深入體會(huì)文章凄切婉轉(zhuǎn)的陳情技巧?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】重要的古漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)詞知識(shí)【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】理解作者當(dāng)時(shí)的處境和李密祖孫間真摯深厚的感情【教學(xué)方法】作為教讀課,選擇串講的方式,突出朗讀,以期能做到既落實(shí)知識(shí),又能體會(huì)文章之美。課時(shí)安排為兩課時(shí)。要重點(diǎn)做好預(yù)習(xí)工作。【教學(xué)步驟】一、以蘇軾的評(píng)論導(dǎo)入讀《出師表》不下淚者,其人必不忠;讀《陳情表》不下淚者,其人必不孝;讀《祭十二郎文》不下淚者,其人必不友二、預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè)1、下列紅色字注音完全正確的一項(xiàng)()A、臣以險(xiǎn)釁(xìn)夙遭閔(mǐn)兇終鮮(xiǎn)兄弟常在床蓐(rù)B、猥(wěi)以微賤責(zé)臣逋(bǔ)慢猶蒙衿(jīn)育寵命優(yōu)渥(wò)C、豈敢盤桓(huán)有所希冀(yì)日?。╞ó)西山除臣洗(xiǎn)馬D、逮(dǎi)奉圣朝過(guò)蒙拔擢(zhuó)門衰祚(zuò)薄更(gēng)相為命分析:B責(zé)臣逋(bū)慢,C有所希冀(jì),D逮(dài)奉圣朝。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.理解作者反抗黑暗,辭官歸田,不與當(dāng)時(shí)黑暗的上層社會(huì)同流合污而熱愛田園生活的積極精神,學(xué)習(xí)其高潔的理想志趣和堅(jiān)定的人生追求。2.掌握“胡、奚、曷、焉、何”五個(gè)疑問(wèn)代詞,歸納“行、引、乘、策”等四個(gè)詞的一詞多義,了解“以、而、之、兮、來(lái)”等文言虛詞的用法。3.背誦全文?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.了解作者辭官歸田的原因,深刻體味詩(shī)人鄙棄官場(chǎng),熱愛田園的無(wú)限欣喜之情。2.背誦全文。【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】1.理解記述中滲透出的或喜或哀,或決絕或猶疑的復(fù)雜感情。2.歸納實(shí)詞、虛詞的用法,掌握省略句、倒裝句兩種句式?!窘叹邷?zhǔn)備】投影儀投影膠片【課時(shí)安排】2課時(shí)【教學(xué)過(guò)程】第一課時(shí)[教學(xué)要點(diǎn)]了解陶淵明及其作品。讀課文,利用注釋、工具書,初步把握文章,朗讀課文,找出押韻的字,由押韻歸納各層大意,幫助學(xué)生理清背誦思路,背誦全文。[教學(xué)步驟]一、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)《桃花源記》是我們?cè)诔踔薪佑|過(guò)的陶淵明的作品。師生一同背誦。《桃花源記》中悠閑自得的田園生活正是作者精神追求的形象反映。今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的《歸去來(lái)兮辭》正是作者決別官場(chǎng),同上層社會(huì)分道揚(yáng)鑣的宣言書。
(2)怎樣理解本文的一些相關(guān)論述?【明確】這是一篇科學(xué)講演,涉及較為復(fù)雜的背景知識(shí)。這些知識(shí)和講演的主題是密切相關(guān)的,如果不作必要的交待,講演的內(nèi)容就會(huì)顯得抽象和單薄。如,談到天氣預(yù)報(bào)、大腦工作原理都具有混沌性質(zhì),來(lái)反襯宇宙在大尺度上是"平滑而非混沌"的;如,談到恒星的死亡(歸宿)引出黑洞,為宇宙中暗物質(zhì)的存在尋找理論支持;如,談到現(xiàn)存宇宙對(duì)初始密度的極度敏感,引出了"人擇原理"等等。這些相關(guān)的論述,或從對(duì)立面凸顯觀點(diǎn),或從縱深面強(qiáng)化觀點(diǎn),使論證豐富多彩。(3)這篇講演在語(yǔ)言上具有怎樣的特點(diǎn)?【明確】講演是面對(duì)面的交流,這種交流又是單向度的,如果不注意講演的語(yǔ)言藝術(shù),就達(dá)不到最佳的表達(dá)效果。這篇講演,除了推理嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)外,語(yǔ)言幽默也是其突出的特點(diǎn)。幽默的語(yǔ)言創(chuàng)造出一種輕松愉快的氣氛,更具有親和力,使所闡發(fā)的事理更容易為聽眾接受。
六、到此為止,我們了解到,作者對(duì)“笑”鯤鵬和別人的蜩與學(xué)鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都一一作了否定。那么請(qǐng)大家討論一下,1、作者對(duì)鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國(guó)者”是不是肯定呢?明確:也都作了否定。否定后者好理解,關(guān)鍵是否定前者不好理解,因?yàn)椤蚌H鵬展翅”早已作為積極的意象被人們廣泛引用。但在本文中,作者在講述這一寓言故事時(shí),突出的不是鯤鵬本身,而是風(fēng)力,“故九萬(wàn)里,風(fēng)斯在下矣,而后乃今培風(fēng);背負(fù)青天,而莫之夭閼者,而后乃今將圖南”。對(duì)風(fēng)力作用的突出,實(shí)際上就是對(duì)鯤鵬的否定。作者寫了“笑”的雙方,對(duì)“笑”的一方蜩與學(xué)鳩、斥鴳、宋榮子都作了否定,對(duì)被“笑”的一方鯤鵬和“知效一官,行比一鄉(xiāng),德合一君,而征一國(guó)者”也都作了否定,并且對(duì)順便提及的野馬、塵埃、芥、大舟、朝菌、蟪蛄、冥靈、大椿、彭祖、列子等事物或者人物也都作了否定。這種全盤否定的態(tài)度,如果我們借用本文中的一個(gè)形象的詞語(yǔ),可以說(shuō)是:笑!是的,本文也可以說(shuō)是:莊子“笑”萬(wàn)物!
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)總結(jié)林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而對(duì)道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
The joke set her crying.這個(gè)玩笑使她哭起來(lái)。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)的功能和意義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否正確使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動(dòng)作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)人物言行的對(duì)比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果來(lái)深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu);4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活案例發(fā)表自己的見解和看法,寫一篇觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明的故事評(píng)論。
【點(diǎn)津】 1.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ) ,當(dāng)不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)有自己的執(zhí)行者時(shí),要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?即在不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)之前加 for +名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語(yǔ)。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進(jìn)來(lái)。目的狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換 英語(yǔ)中的目的狀語(yǔ)從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡(jiǎn)化??煞譃閮煞N情況: 1?當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),可以直接簡(jiǎn)化為不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不相同時(shí),要用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
讀《環(huán)境污染組圖》思考:造成交通擁擠的原因是什么?有什么危害?(原因:汽車的增加、汽車數(shù)量與道路狀況的比值越來(lái)越大造成的。危害:交通阻塞,導(dǎo)致時(shí)間和能源的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi),影響城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量。)3.增加就業(yè)困難,失業(yè)人數(shù)增多思考:產(chǎn)生這個(gè)問(wèn)題的原因是什么?(隨著城市化發(fā)展,城市科學(xué)技術(shù)提高,機(jī)器化大生產(chǎn)使勞動(dòng)者數(shù)量要求降低,城市人口本來(lái)就未充分就業(yè),再加上鄉(xiāng)村人口大量涌入,導(dǎo)致失業(yè)人數(shù)增多。)二、解決辦法:(以上海市為例,講解解決的辦法。)1.改善城市環(huán)境:治理河流、控制大氣污染物、大力加強(qiáng)綠化建設(shè)為改善城市環(huán)境,上海市全面展開對(duì)大氣、河流、噪聲等多方面的治理工作。如蘇州河的治理、降低城市污染物濃度、加強(qiáng)綠化建設(shè),截止1990年,市區(qū)綠化覆蓋率達(dá)到20.3%。
The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply
The theme of this part is to write an article about healthy diet. Through reading and writing activities, students can accumulate knowledge about healthy diet, deepen their understanding of the theme of healthy diet, and reflect on their own eating habits. This text describes the basic principles of healthy diet. The author uses data analysis, definition, comparison, examples and other methods. It also provides a demonstration of the use of conjunctions, which provides important information reference for students to complete the next collaborative task, writing skills, vivid language materials and expressions.1. Teach Ss to learn and skillfully use the new words learned from the text.2. Develop students’ ability to understand, extract and summarize information.3. Guide students to understand the theme of healthy diet and reflect on their own eating habits.4. To guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc., 5. Enable Ss to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.1. Guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc.2. Enable them to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.3. Guide the students to use the cohesive words correctly, strengthen the textual cohesion, and make the expression fluent and the thinking clear.Step1: Warming upbrainstorm some healthy eating habits.1.Eat slowly.2.Don’t eat too much fat or sugar.3.Eat healthy food.4.Have a balanced diet.Step2: Read the passage and then sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
假定你是英國(guó)的Jack,打算來(lái)中國(guó)旅行,請(qǐng)你給你的中國(guó)筆友李華寫一封信,要點(diǎn)如下:1.你的旅行計(jì)劃:北京→泰山→杭州;2.征求建議并詢問(wèn)他是否愿意充當(dāng)你的導(dǎo)游。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù));2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:故宮 the Forbidden City;泰山 Mount TaiDear Li Hua,I'm glad to tell you that 'm going to visit China.First,I am planning to visit Beijing,the capitalof China,where I am looking forward to enjoying the Great Wall,the Forbidden City and somebeautiful parks.Then I intend to go to visit Mount Tai in Shandong Province.I've heard that it is one ofthe most famous mountains in China and I can't wait to enjoy the amazing sunrise there.After that,I amalso going to Hangzhou.It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights,among which the West Lake is a well- known tourist attraction.What do you think of my travel plan? Will you act as my guide? Hope to hear from you soon.
教材分析改革開放后我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力不斷增強(qiáng),人民對(duì)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的愿望越來(lái)越迫切。本節(jié)課以“一國(guó)兩制”構(gòu)想的提出,香港、澳門的回歸和海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展為中心,說(shuō)明實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一,完成中華民族復(fù)興是歷史發(fā)展的必然。第一目“‘一國(guó)兩制’構(gòu)想的提出”主要講述了“一國(guó)兩制”的含義及歷史意義。第二目“香港、澳門的回歸”著重講述了香港回歸、澳門回歸的經(jīng)過(guò)及歷史意義,這是“一國(guó)兩制”成功的實(shí)踐。第三目“海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展”講述了大陸注重發(fā)展與臺(tái)灣的關(guān)系,促進(jìn)海峽兩岸的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流與合作,打破了幾十年來(lái)海峽兩岸的隔絕狀態(tài),促進(jìn)了祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的進(jìn)程。此外,教材還通過(guò)“資料回放”“歷史縱橫”“學(xué)思之窗”等欄目,為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)提供了一些詳細(xì)的史料。在教學(xué)中要分析圖表資料,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解完成祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè),實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的復(fù)興,是任何人也阻擋不了的歷史潮流。
一個(gè)世紀(jì)前,一位了不起的美國(guó)人簽署了奴隸解放宣言,而我們今天就站在他的塑像下面。對(duì)于千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)身受不公正待遇之苦的黑奴來(lái)說(shuō),這份劃時(shí)代的文件,是一座光芒萬(wàn)丈的希望燈塔,是結(jié)束他們被束縛之漫漫長(zhǎng)夜的快樂(lè)黎明。我有一個(gè)夢(mèng),有朝一日在喬治亞州的丘陵地帶,奴隸的后代與奴隸主的后代,將能夠兄弟般地相處。我有一個(gè)夢(mèng),有朝一日甚至密西西比州,這個(gè)充滿不平與壓迫的州,將轉(zhuǎn)化成一片自由與公正的綠洲。我有一個(gè)夢(mèng),我的四個(gè)孩子,有朝一日將可以生活在這樣一個(gè)國(guó)度里:在此人們不是根據(jù)他們的膚色,而是根據(jù)他們的品行來(lái)衡量他們。我今天有一個(gè)夢(mèng)!我有一個(gè)夢(mèng),有朝一日在阿拉巴馬州,盡管目前有許多惡毒的種族主義者,盡管州長(zhǎng)叫嚷著要與聯(lián)邦政府對(duì)抗,有朝一日在阿拉巴馬州,黑人孩子與白人孩子將會(huì)像兄弟姊妹那樣親密無(wú)間。
這兩章是對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)場(chǎng)面的描寫。寫的是戰(zhàn)車、戰(zhàn)馬、象弭、魚服以及士兵的勞累奔波、饑渴難當(dāng),通過(guò)這些具體生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)描寫來(lái)展現(xiàn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)生活的圖景。而沒(méi)有寫戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的刀光劍影、廝打拼殺,但戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷已可想見。4“昔我往矣,楊柳依依。今我來(lái)思,雨雪霏霏”被視為情景交融的佳句。清人王夫之在論《詩(shī)經(jīng)·小雅·采薇》這兩句時(shí)說(shuō):“以樂(lè)景寫哀,以哀景寫樂(lè),一倍增其哀樂(lè)?!闭?wù)勀愕目捶?。一以往昔之虛襯眼前之實(shí),以出征之樂(lè)襯內(nèi)心之思親之悲痛;二“楊柳依依”與“雨雪霏霏”對(duì)比,突出不勝今昔之感;三大雪交加,饑渴難當(dāng),情境實(shí)悲,以哀景寫哀情。四、交流延伸1寫一首詩(shī)或一段文字表達(dá)你對(duì)“鄉(xiāng)愁”的新的體驗(yàn)。在全班交流。2課后搜集更多的表現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)情的詩(shī)歌散文作品,將你最感動(dòng)的一篇拿到班上與同學(xué)分享感受。
讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)聆聽美妙的音樂(lè),合作討論,加深理解。(1)本詩(shī)文中的“蘭芝被遣”和“蘭芝抗婚”的情節(jié),可與樂(lè)曲展開部第一階段“逼嫁抗婚”對(duì)比閱讀。文中的劉蘭芝是在封建禮教的壓迫下被遣歸及被迫“改嫁”,劉蘭芝與祝英臺(tái)一樣都進(jìn)行了抗?fàn)帯?lè)曲中的樂(lè)器奏出了具有威脅力的封建勢(shì)力的主題,代表著封建勢(shì)力的兇暴殘酷,同時(shí)敘述了祝英臺(tái)的悲痛和不安心情,表現(xiàn)了控訴、抗?fàn)幍母星?。?)本詩(shī)文中的“夫妻誓別”的情節(jié),可與樂(lè)曲呈示部中的結(jié)束部“長(zhǎng)亭惜別”對(duì)比閱讀。文中劉蘭芝與焦仲卿的誓別。二人分手之際,依依不舍,“舉手長(zhǎng)勞勞,二情同依依”。樂(lè)曲中梁祝分別時(shí)依依不舍又充滿悲傷,音調(diào)抒情徐緩。讓學(xué)生在徐緩的音樂(lè)中去感受劉蘭芝與焦仲卿生離死別的痛苦。
四、品味詩(shī)歌藝術(shù)1、詩(shī)人是如何表現(xiàn)其品質(zhì)的?運(yùn)用了什么修辭手法?產(chǎn)生了怎樣的表達(dá)效果?明確:詩(shī)句“扈江離與辟芷兮,紉秋蘭以為佩”很好地體現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人光輝俊潔的人格。用“江離”“辟芷”“秋蘭”三種香草來(lái)裝飾自己,比喻自己,極其生動(dòng)形象地表現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人自己美好的精神世界,使詩(shī)歌充滿了浪漫主義氣息。2、《離騷》中作者常以“香草”、“美物”來(lái)比喻自己、賢士和君王,并表達(dá)政治理想,這是《離騷》的一大藝術(shù)特色,這種方法叫做“移情法”,即不直接說(shuō)出自己想說(shuō)的話,而是把它寄寓于某一物上,也就是“移情于物”,這種方法在古典詩(shī)詞中廣泛運(yùn)用,在政治不清明的時(shí)代,借用“移情”,可言難言之語(yǔ),抒難抒之情。請(qǐng)找出相關(guān)的詩(shī)句,說(shuō)說(shuō)詩(shī)人是怎樣運(yùn)用這些比喻來(lái)表達(dá)政治理想的。
教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)毛澤東在《沁園春雪》俯視封建君王“惜秦皇漢武。。。只識(shí)彎弓射大雕?!钡绻麣v史上只有一個(gè)人可以與他相提并論,這個(gè)人只能是魏武帝曹操。“滾滾長(zhǎng)江東逝水,浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉(zhuǎn)頭空,青山依舊在,幾度夕陽(yáng)紅。”(《三國(guó)演義》卷首詞)在歷史的大浪淘沙中,有多少英雄能夠經(jīng)得起歷史的千淘萬(wàn)漉而流芳百世呢?曹操應(yīng)該是三國(guó)時(shí)代留下了濃重一筆的人物。老師總結(jié),并啟發(fā)他們?nèi)ヂ?lián)系:我們學(xué)過(guò)他的《觀滄海》“東臨碣石,以觀滄?!边€有《龜雖壽》“神龜雖壽,猷有竟時(shí)。老驥伏櫪,志在千里;烈士暮年,壯心不已?!薄肚嗝分鬄⒄撚⑿邸分性退娺^(guò),《三國(guó)演義》電視劇播出后,大家和他也就頻頻見面了?!度龂?guó)演義》第48回“宴長(zhǎng)江曹操賦詩(shī)”中,赤壁之戰(zhàn)前夕,曹操和眾部將一起狂飲,他四顧空闊,心中大喜,與諸將講述自己希望收服江南的雄心壯志。