Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報(bào)紙報(bào)道說有一百多人在暴風(fēng)雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時(shí),以及by、before后面接過去的時(shí)間時(shí),主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作或過去的時(shí)間之前且表示被動(dòng)時(shí),要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí),要用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點(diǎn)得到他的指示,我早就完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點(diǎn)的話,我就不會(huì)誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會(huì),你就會(huì)見到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動(dòng)詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)詞ing②名詞所有格+動(dòng)詞ing③代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞ing④名詞+動(dòng)詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒能按時(shí)來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔(dān)心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)。
一、教材分析在初中階段,物理量單位的學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)生較為困惑的問題之一。前面關(guān)于1N的規(guī)定給學(xué)生的印象總好像是有些隨意。尤其是牛頓、帕斯卡、安培、伏特、焦耳、瓦特等單位的規(guī)定。使得學(xué)生感動(dòng)物理太復(fù)雜。事實(shí)上,只有把單位制放在整個(gè)物理學(xué)框架中加以認(rèn)識(shí),并且知識(shí)有了一定的積累。經(jīng)歷了充分的學(xué)習(xí)過程后才能體會(huì)物理量單位的命名和使用規(guī)則。體會(huì)到其中對(duì)一些單位進(jìn)行規(guī)定的合理性和方便特征。物理學(xué)單位中,有很少幾個(gè)基本物理量,它們的單位就是基本單位。在進(jìn)行了這種選定之后,其它物理量的單位就是根據(jù)它的定義式,有所選擇的其他物理量的單位共同確定的。國際單位制的建立和使用,不僅方便了國際間的交流,也逐漸成為科學(xué)研究中計(jì)算和運(yùn)用的一種規(guī)范約束。中學(xué)生應(yīng)該注意學(xué)習(xí),逐步習(xí)慣,在記錄、表達(dá)和計(jì)算中規(guī)范使用。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(一)知識(shí)與技能1.了解什么是單位制,知道力學(xué)中的三個(gè)基本單位;2.認(rèn)識(shí)單位制在物理計(jì)算中的作用
1. 課前觀看視頻《物理學(xué)與人類文明》2. 分組討論,派代表發(fā)言,談學(xué)習(xí)感受。主要是物理的地位,物理的學(xué)習(xí)方法。3. 高中物理與初中物理在內(nèi)容和方法上的區(qū)別高中物理除了現(xiàn)象、概念和規(guī)律之外還應(yīng)該關(guān)注研究問題的方法,學(xué)會(huì)從先想到抽象,從定性到定量研究問題,學(xué)會(huì)用數(shù)學(xué)方法解決物理問題,學(xué)會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)探究,學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立分析問題解決問題的思維習(xí)慣。4. 高中物理學(xué)習(xí)的基本要求高中物理學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該“重視實(shí)驗(yàn),勤于思考”和“經(jīng)歷過程,體驗(yàn)方法”。高中物理學(xué)習(xí)與初中物理學(xué)習(xí)雖然有一定區(qū)別,但也不是孤立的,要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持初中物理學(xué)習(xí)中積累的學(xué)習(xí)方法和體會(huì),重視從正反兩個(gè)方面加以總結(jié)和提煉,做到:(1) 認(rèn)真閱讀,學(xué)會(huì)自學(xué)要學(xué)好物理,就要認(rèn)真閱讀課本。閱讀課本是要抓住關(guān)鍵詞語,弄清語句間的邏輯順序和因果關(guān)系,領(lǐng)會(huì)文章段落所表達(dá)的物理內(nèi)容,掌握課本敘述物理問題的表達(dá)方法。
八、物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)地位及物理學(xué)對(duì)人類文明、社會(huì)進(jìn)步的影響。(1) 情景一:磁懸浮實(shí)驗(yàn):找兩個(gè)空心的圓柱片磁鐵,同名磁極相對(duì),穿在同一根竹筷上,用手壓下上面的磁鐵,松手觀察它的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況。問題1:上面的磁鐵為什么會(huì)跳起來,為什么會(huì)懸浮在下面的磁鐵上方?問題2:根據(jù)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),你會(huì)想到那一種交通工具?總結(jié):人們就是從磁懸浮現(xiàn)象中得到啟發(fā),進(jìn)行磁懸浮列車的研究和制造的,這說明物理學(xué)在推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步、人類文明方面起到推動(dòng)作用。(2) 情景二:感應(yīng)起電和火花放電實(shí)驗(yàn):用感應(yīng)起電機(jī)或感應(yīng)圈產(chǎn)生火花放電,讓學(xué)生觀察現(xiàn)象,聞氣味,然后聯(lián)想生活實(shí)例。還可以用一張紙?jiān)囍鴵踝》烹姷幕」?,最好能引燃紙張,說明雷擊引起火災(zāi)的現(xiàn)象。問題1:你看、聽到了什么現(xiàn)象?問題2:根據(jù)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),你會(huì)想到那一種自然現(xiàn)象?問題3:放電發(fā)生在什么地方?為什么建筑物上方都有尖尖的設(shè)置,是干什么用的?問題4:你聞到什么氣味了嗎?
今天我說課的內(nèi)容是人教版高中物理必修1第四章第四節(jié)《力學(xué)單位制》,我的說課內(nèi)容將按下列程序展開。首先是本節(jié)教材的分析。一、說教材1、本節(jié)課在教材中的地位單位是學(xué)生在高考中最容易犯錯(cuò)的地方之一,本節(jié)課內(nèi)容貫穿整個(gè)物理學(xué)科的每部分。學(xué)好這部分內(nèi)容對(duì)所有的自然學(xué)科都有幫助。2、教材簡析教材可分為:單位制等概念的來源和單位制的推廣。二、說教學(xué)目標(biāo):教學(xué)目標(biāo)的設(shè)定是教師進(jìn)行課堂授課的一個(gè)重要依據(jù),是教師完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)新課標(biāo)要求和學(xué)生特點(diǎn)我對(duì)本節(jié)制定以下教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)了解什么是單位制,知道國際單位制中力學(xué)的三個(gè)基本單位。(2)認(rèn)識(shí)單位制在物理學(xué)中和國際交往中的重要作用。(3)學(xué)會(huì)用單位運(yùn)算來檢查物理公式推導(dǎo)的正確性,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決實(shí)際問題的能力。
2、運(yùn)用目測(cè)接數(shù)的方法感知、判斷8以內(nèi)的數(shù)量。 3、能較仔細(xì)地進(jìn)行操作,注意保持幼兒用書畫面的整潔。 活動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備: 1、經(jīng)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)備:幼兒認(rèn)識(shí)了數(shù)字8,有目測(cè)接數(shù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 2、物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備:教具和學(xué)具。 活動(dòng)過程: 一、音樂活動(dòng)《小蝌蚪》?! ?教師帶領(lǐng)幼兒隨著音樂扮演小蝌蚪游進(jìn)教室,并根據(jù)歌詞內(nèi)容表演?! ?二、看數(shù)字找蝌蚪?! ?1、教師:青蛙媽媽遇到了一件傷心的事情,它找不到自己的寶寶了,你們?cè)敢鈳椭鼈儐幔俊 ?2、教師:你知道每只青蛙媽媽生了幾個(gè)寶寶嗎?你是從哪兒看出來的?引導(dǎo)幼兒從青蛙身上的數(shù)字說出它生了幾個(gè)寶寶。
學(xué)習(xí)快樂嗎?我想很多學(xué)生的回答是“不快樂”,為什么呢?看看我們沉重的書包就有了答案:它里面裝滿了早起晚睡、作業(yè)考試、成績?cè)u(píng)比、特招重點(diǎn)等等,所以有人形象的說它是我們身上的負(fù)擔(dān)和包袱,壓得我們喘不過氣來!果真如此嗎?當(dāng)我們靜下心來冷靜的想一想,就會(huì)得出另外一種答案:沉重的書包是我們?nèi)松闹悄?、自信的源泉、遠(yuǎn)大的抱負(fù)!我們說學(xué)習(xí)苦,是因?yàn)槲覀儍H僅從生理的角度去衡量它,苦于沒有時(shí)間看電視、泡網(wǎng)吧、玩游戲、苦于沒有時(shí)間貪睡、貪吃、貪玩,總之一句話,苦于沒有時(shí)間貪圖享樂!固然,吃喝玩是快樂的,但這種樂趣只是低級(jí)的、物質(zhì)的、短暫的,是動(dòng)物本能式的快樂,作為人類享受高級(jí)的、持久的快樂,應(yīng)該是精神領(lǐng)域的快樂,她能陶冶情操、讓我們自信自強(qiáng),使我們生活得更幸福!如何獲得,只有學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)習(xí)再學(xué)習(xí)!
今天我講話的題目是《關(guān)注飲食安全,共創(chuàng)健康生活》。常言道:民以食為天,食以安為先。食品安全是生命健康最有力的保證。近日我們有些同學(xué)為貪圖便宜、方便,或因?yàn)樘羰?,喜歡在路邊攤點(diǎn)就餐,殊不知這是在拿健康甚至生命在開玩笑。路邊攤點(diǎn)多采用的是“地溝油”,里面包含很多致癌物質(zhì)。而且一般小販未做過健康體檢,沒有衛(wèi)生許可證,其中有些人可能就是肝炎等病源的攜帶者和傳播者。因此,學(xué)校提倡同學(xué)們?cè)谑程镁筒?,或在家吃飯,養(yǎng)成良好的飲食習(xí)慣,避免食物中毒事故的發(fā)生。同時(shí)希望同學(xué)們不吃生冷食物,保證營養(yǎng)均衡,把自己的身體吃得棒棒的。
(四)、學(xué)唱歌曲,升華體驗(yàn)我先進(jìn)行范唱,讓學(xué)生尋找最能體現(xiàn)少先隊(duì)員“不怕困難,奮發(fā)向上”精神的句段,反復(fù)學(xué)唱。然后,我彈奏鋼琴,學(xué)生跟著琴聲演唱歌曲。之后我引導(dǎo)學(xué)生聽辨歌譜中“不怕困難???”這一句中的休止符唱法,感受這個(gè)干脆利落的音樂符號(hào)所表現(xiàn)出隊(duì)員的堅(jiān)定信心,英勇果斷,不畏一切艱難險(xiǎn)阻的品質(zhì)。學(xué)生輕松地學(xué)會(huì)了歌曲第一段,并較好地突破了感受樂曲情緒的教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。(五)、了解歷史,內(nèi)化情感這一環(huán)節(jié)采用了互動(dòng)交流的方式讓學(xué)生觀看兒童電影《英雄小八路》的精彩片段,了解《中國少年先鋒隊(duì)隊(duì)歌》的歷史背景,激發(fā)自己是一名光榮的少先隊(duì)員的自豪感。在《中國少年先鋒隊(duì)隊(duì)歌》音樂聲中,學(xué)生自豪地踏著堅(jiān)定有力的步伐離開教室,結(jié)束本課的教學(xué)。
除了打擊樂器的加入,為了更好的表現(xiàn)歌曲的情緒,讓學(xué)生的表演具有民族風(fēng)格,出示幾幅維吾爾族舞蹈動(dòng)作圖片,自己創(chuàng)編,然后觀看視頻,讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行模仿和創(chuàng)編。通過動(dòng)作表現(xiàn)歌曲的情緒、風(fēng)格,在表演實(shí)踐中加深對(duì)歌曲的理解,符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律。教師從動(dòng)作、表情等方面進(jìn)行指導(dǎo),并給予充分的肯定和贊揚(yáng),讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)成功的快樂。分組創(chuàng)編動(dòng)作表現(xiàn)歌曲然后請(qǐng)學(xué)生互評(píng)表演,教師總評(píng)。最后請(qǐng)幾個(gè)孩子上臺(tái)表演,一組打節(jié)拍,其他同學(xué)演唱在歡快的氣氛中感受歌曲的特色。(三)課堂小結(jié)情感升華課堂小結(jié),我以新疆是阿凡提的家鄉(xiāng),哪里美麗富饒,我們的家鄉(xiāng)六安也是個(gè)好地方,同學(xué)們你能說說自己的家鄉(xiāng)嗎?延伸課堂引導(dǎo)學(xué)生好好學(xué)習(xí)建設(shè)我們美麗的皋城。本節(jié)課從三維立體的層面結(jié)合聽,唱,說讓孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)會(huì)歌曲的同時(shí)了解新疆這個(gè)民族,了解地域文化,讓音樂的課堂擔(dān)起了文化傳遞的作用。
緊接著是升記號(hào)的認(rèn)識(shí)。在這里我把升記號(hào)介紹給學(xué)生,教師先用電子琴演奏沒有升記號(hào)的樂句,再演奏有升記號(hào)的樂句,學(xué)生聽一聽那一個(gè)音有變化。然后教師再分別把單獨(dú)的有變化的一個(gè)音拿出來進(jìn)行比較,最后用鍵盤圖在幻燈片上展示。使學(xué)生更直觀的去聽去感受,使學(xué)生聽覺與視覺互補(bǔ)。增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的參與意識(shí),使復(fù)雜乏味枯燥的音樂知識(shí)變的趣味化,生動(dòng)化,通過師生的共同參與,更加拉近了教師與學(xué)生的距離。最后是編創(chuàng)與活動(dòng).由于這首歌是以環(huán)保為主題,所以我用音樂與環(huán)境保護(hù)有機(jī)結(jié)合的融合,從而進(jìn)行德育滲透,通過生生合作、和自主探究的方式來進(jìn)行編創(chuàng)歌詞。最后讓學(xué)生用載歌載舞的形式表現(xiàn)歌曲.依托音樂本身的魅力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),合作意識(shí),探究精神,從目標(biāo)的提出到過程的安排,學(xué)習(xí)方法的確定乃至學(xué)習(xí)成果的呈現(xiàn),都讓學(xué)生有更大的自主性,更多的實(shí)踐性,更濃的創(chuàng)造性。
首先我們進(jìn)入到真正的鳥的天堂,也就是你們的天堂去看一下: 1.出示課件(12-13自然段的內(nèi)容) 2.自由讀這一部分,這一部分寫出了“鳥的天堂”什么特點(diǎn)?(活潑可愛、鳥多)你是從哪些地方感悟到的?(自由發(fā)言) 3.當(dāng)學(xué)生讀到“應(yīng)接不暇”一詞時(shí),問:這個(gè)詞是什么意思呢?出示課件“群鳥紛飛”圖幫助理解。 4.這一段主要應(yīng)讀出它的什么特點(diǎn)來呢?(熱鬧)對(duì),這就是它的動(dòng)態(tài)美,這一段主要寫出了鳥的天堂的動(dòng)態(tài),讓我們一起來讀出它的動(dòng)態(tài)美。(引導(dǎo)讀“有的…有的…有的…”和“一只畫眉鳥…那歌聲真好聽…”讀出鳥的可愛;引導(dǎo)讀“到處都是鳥聲,到處都是鳥影”和“眼睛應(yīng)接不暇…”讀出鳥的多。) 5. 學(xué)生讀完后問:這一只小鳥在興奮地叫著,它可能在說什么呢?(可能在說,我在這里真快活。)假如你就是這只小鳥,你為什么會(huì)喜歡這個(gè)地方呢?讓我們將自己的視角往小鳥生活的環(huán)境──大榕樹身上聚集。
質(zhì)疑解難 1.結(jié)合資料袋中的內(nèi)容介紹本文主人公一李四光?! ?.學(xué)生針對(duì)課文內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑,師生共同解疑。 ?。?)對(duì)預(yù)習(xí)認(rèn)真,能主動(dòng)、正確解疑的同學(xué)給予表揚(yáng)?! 。?)主要解決以下疑難: 隕石:大的流星在經(jīng)過地球大氣層時(shí),沒有完全燒毀墜落到地球上的含石質(zhì)較多或全部為石質(zhì)的隕星?! 〉刭|(zhì)學(xué)家:從事地球物質(zhì)形成和地殼構(gòu)造研究,以探討地球的形成和發(fā)展的科學(xué)家。 突兀:高聳?! 〉谒募o(jì):地質(zhì)歷史的最后一個(gè)紀(jì)。約250萬年前至今。此時(shí)高緯度地區(qū)廣泛地發(fā)生了多次冰川作用。 冰川:在高山或兩極地區(qū),積雪由于自身的壓力變成冰塊(或積雪融化、下滲凍結(jié)成冰塊兒又因重力作用而沿著地面傾斜方面移動(dòng),這種移動(dòng)的大冰塊叫做冰川。在地質(zhì)上的新生代第四紀(jì),氣候非常寒冷,世界上的許多地方被冰川覆蓋,稱第四紀(jì)冰川?! ∏貛X:橫貫我國中部,東西走向的古老語皺斷層山脈。我國地理上的南北分界線。分布有冰川槽谷、角峰等。
深入讀議,體會(huì)“我”受鼓舞爬上峰頂 1、在爬山之前,望著又高又陡的天都峰,“我”心里是怎么想的?默讀課文,圈點(diǎn)勾畫,想想從哪些詞語、句子中看出“我”有害怕畏懼的心理。 指名交流,出示并指導(dǎo)讀好問句“我爬得上去嗎?”、感嘆句“真叫人發(fā)顫!”以及語氣詞“啊”“哩”等,讀中體會(huì)“我”缺乏自信、畏懼退縮的心理?! ?、結(jié)果“我”爬上峰頂了嗎?自由讀課文的第8至10自然段,出示“我”說的話,指名朗讀。 3、“我”看到了什么從而下定決心爬上峰頂呢?自由讀課文第3到7自然段,想想我的心理發(fā)生了怎樣的變化?! . 出示第4段重點(diǎn)句,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生深入討論交流,從中感受到“我”受老爺爺爬山鼓勵(lì)而下定決心爬上峰頂?shù)膬?nèi)心活動(dòng)?! . 體會(huì)“我”的心理,指導(dǎo)朗讀3、4自然段?! ?、“我”是怎么爬的?自由讀6、7自然段,畫出描寫爬山動(dòng)作的詞語?! . 學(xué)生讀書圈劃。 b.學(xué)生交流。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生聯(lián)系上下文,體會(huì)“奮力”是拼盡全身力氣的意思?! 摹芭手F鏈”、“手腳并用向上爬”可以看出爬山的艱難。 c.引讀第7段,從“終于”二字上體會(huì)爬得辛苦、上山后的喜悅。 d. 體會(huì)爬山的艱難、上山后的喜悅,指導(dǎo)朗讀6、7兩段。