(3)改造主觀世界同改造客觀世界的關(guān)系。改造客觀世界同改造主觀世界,是相互聯(lián)系、相互作用的。改造主觀世界是為了更好地改造客觀世界,人們在改造客觀世界的同時(shí)也改造著自己的主觀世界。通過自覺改造主觀世界,又能提高改造客觀世界的能力。師:人們對自己的思想道德境界的追求,是永遠(yuǎn)止境的。讓我們共同努力,在踐行社會(huì)主義思想道德的過程中,不斷追求更高的目標(biāo),像無數(shù)先輩那樣,加入到為共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想而奮斗的行列中吧!課堂小結(jié)通過本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)使我們認(rèn)識到面對現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的思想道德沖突,加強(qiáng)知識文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng),不斷追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)的必要性;把握了知識文化修養(yǎng)與思想道德修養(yǎng)的含義及其相互關(guān)系;明確了我們應(yīng)該和怎樣追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo);認(rèn)識到這是一個(gè)永無止境的過程。我們要腳踏實(shí)地,從現(xiàn)在做起、從點(diǎn)滴小事做起,不斷提高知識文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng),追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)。
2、文化反作用經(jīng)濟(jì)政治師:經(jīng)濟(jì)政治決定文化,那么,文化不是被動(dòng)消極的呢?生:思考回答:文化反作用經(jīng)濟(jì)政治,不同的文化對經(jīng)濟(jì)政治的影響不同。師:文化反作用經(jīng)濟(jì)政治,對社會(huì)發(fā)展有重要影響。文化反作用表現(xiàn)在,文化可以為經(jīng)濟(jì)政治的發(fā)展,對社會(huì)的發(fā)展,提供方向保證、智力支持和精神動(dòng)力。(1)文化反作用的體現(xiàn)。師:現(xiàn)代民主國家中,世界民主的先驅(qū)是英國,但英國卻有國王,亞洲民主的先驅(qū)是日本,但日本卻有天皇,其一個(gè)重要原因是文化的影響。這說明什么?生:思考發(fā)言……師:不同民族的文化,影響不同民族和國家的歷史和發(fā)展道路。師:中東地區(qū)一直以來都是世界熱點(diǎn)地區(qū),如巴以沖突、伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭、阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭、基地組織等,其一個(gè)重要原因是宗教文化的沖突。這說明什么?生:思考發(fā)言……師:不同文化的沖突,影響社會(huì)的和諧安定和世界的和平安寧。
1.做學(xué)問之前首先學(xué)會(huì)做人2.知識文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng)的關(guān)系三.追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)㈤ 說教學(xué)評價(jià)和反思:1.這節(jié)課主要是以學(xué)生為主體,老師為主導(dǎo),讓學(xué)生充分發(fā)表自己的看法,把理論的知識結(jié)合在實(shí)際的日常生活中,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生充分發(fā)表自己的意見,能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,達(dá)到教學(xué)目的。這節(jié)課學(xué)生討論,發(fā)言的機(jī)會(huì)很多,但由于我校的學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)薄弱,在發(fā)言時(shí)難免偏離老師引導(dǎo)的方向,甚至出現(xiàn)毫不相干的說法,由于本人經(jīng)驗(yàn)不夠此時(shí)如何去引導(dǎo)他們可能做的還不夠好。2.新課程的教學(xué),如何突破書本知識的局限,延伸更深層次的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)難題。本節(jié)課在知識的處理上,把道德的重要性與道德的層次兩個(gè)知識點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充了進(jìn)去,目的是讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)之前有一個(gè)情感的鋪墊,從而更好地達(dá)到教學(xué)目標(biāo)。
二、巨大的作用,深刻地意義材料展示:魯迅在《狂人日記》中猛烈抨擊“吃人”的封建禮教,力圖通過自己的吶喊喚醒民眾。高爾基早期的作品多描繪俄國沙皇制度下人民的痛苦和他們對美好生活的憧憬。20世紀(jì)初,俄國革命形勢的發(fā)展使他講文學(xué)的筆鋒轉(zhuǎn)向革命,創(chuàng)作了《母親》等作品。合作探究:魯迅和高爾基的作品在當(dāng)時(shí)的中國和俄國分別起到了什么作用?列舉喜愛的一些文學(xué)和藝術(shù)作品,說說創(chuàng)作者的意圖是什么?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主閱讀,培養(yǎng)自主學(xué)習(xí)能力,掌握分析歸納法和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作精神。學(xué)生回答之后師生共同總結(jié):文化創(chuàng)新來源于社會(huì)實(shí)踐,同也會(huì)對于社會(huì)實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生新的影響,促進(jìn)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的變化,同時(shí)也繁榮了民族文化。所以文化創(chuàng)新的巨大作用一方面表現(xiàn)為推動(dòng)社會(huì)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展,另一方面表現(xiàn)為不斷促進(jìn)民族文化的繁榮。既然文化創(chuàng)新具有如此巨大的作用,那么作為新時(shí)代祖國的建設(shè)者為了繁榮民族文化,又該作些什么呢?進(jìn)入本課第三目和教學(xué)的第三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。[情景回歸參與生活]
1、 說教材的地位和作用《世界文化的多樣性》是人教版必修教材《文化生活》第二單元第一課的第一個(gè)框題。多樣性是當(dāng)代世界文化的重要特征,也是文化交流和傳播的前提。因此,本框知識具有承前啟后的作用,在本單元中,它是一個(gè)引子,開啟了本單元知識的學(xué)習(xí)之門。2、 說教學(xué)的重、難點(diǎn)根據(jù)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及高二學(xué)生的知識結(jié)構(gòu)和思維特點(diǎn),我確定了教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):民族文化的多樣性。確定重點(diǎn)的依據(jù):豐富的世界文化表現(xiàn)在文字、建筑、服飾、飲食、宗教信仰、思想理論、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等眾多方面。世界有許多輝煌的文化成就和著稱于世的文化遺產(chǎn)??梢哉f,世界文化的多樣性主要表現(xiàn)在民族文化的多樣性。在教材內(nèi)容中有許多關(guān)于文化的論述和概念。其中“民族文化的多樣性”起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。難點(diǎn):尊重文化多樣性必然性。
3.本學(xué)期我校還舉行了新團(tuán)員入團(tuán)儀式。一批新團(tuán)員莊嚴(yán)的舉起右手宣誓成XX鎮(zhèn)中心初級中學(xué)的一批新團(tuán)員。五、總后勤工方面在本學(xué)期的教育教學(xué)工中總工在工中堅(jiān)持發(fā)揮后盾用本著以教書育人育人教學(xué)的原則堅(jiān)持履行學(xué)校的整體工步驟切實(shí)完成好學(xué)校的總后勤工。1.在后勤工中本著教學(xué)的識著力強(qiáng)化后勤隊(duì)伍建設(shè)努力增強(qiáng)識。2.嚴(yán)格履行財(cái)制度規(guī)范財(cái)行。在經(jīng)費(fèi)使用方面執(zhí)行預(yù)算審批制度在購物方面實(shí)行采購審批和政府采購制度杜了各種不正之風(fēng)證了資金的效益最大化。3.學(xué)校和各班班主任簽定了班班通責(zé)任書強(qiáng)了班班通設(shè)備管理。同時(shí)制定了《班級財(cái)產(chǎn)管理制度》把公物管理列入班主任考核內(nèi)容之一強(qiáng)了財(cái)產(chǎn)管理??傊?jīng)過一學(xué)期全體師生的共同努力我們?nèi)〉昧艘欢ǖ某煽兊灿兄簧俚膯栴}。我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展還需全體教職員工精誠團(tuán)結(jié)繼續(xù)發(fā)揚(yáng)艱苦奮斗的精神我??沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展繼續(xù)努力。
四、乙方的工作崗位應(yīng)參照國家規(guī)定的職業(yè)分類和技能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確約定,也可在本合同第十二條中約定變更崗位的范圍及條件。五、工時(shí)制度分為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、不定時(shí)、綜合計(jì)算工時(shí)三種。如經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)實(shí)行不定時(shí)、綜合計(jì)算工時(shí)工作制的,應(yīng)在第十二條中約定其具體內(nèi)容。六、本合同的未盡事宜,可在第十二條中列明,或另行簽訂補(bǔ)充協(xié)議;另行簽訂的補(bǔ)充協(xié)議,作為本合同的附件,與本合同一并履行。
1、上半年****除根據(jù)***總部策劃的營銷方案開展促銷活動(dòng)以外,另外結(jié)合壽光當(dāng)?shù)氐奶攸c(diǎn)積極開展了有特色的營銷活動(dòng)都取得了較高的人氣和理想的銷售; 2、在充分進(jìn)行銷售分析和市場調(diào)研后在經(jīng)營中不斷淘汰了近50種銷售達(dá)不到既定目標(biāo)的商品,引進(jìn)了60多種適銷的商品,另外我們根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厮?、蔬菜生產(chǎn)量大、供應(yīng)量足的特點(diǎn)擴(kuò)大地產(chǎn)品的當(dāng)?shù)夭少?,降低了采購成本、擴(kuò)大了毛利率、提高了銷量。
二、工作內(nèi)容第二條乙方同意根據(jù)甲方工作需要,擔(dān)任____崗位(工種)工作。第三條乙方應(yīng)按照甲方的要求,按時(shí)完成規(guī)定的工作數(shù)量,達(dá)到規(guī)定的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。三、勞動(dòng)保護(hù)和勞動(dòng)條件第四條甲方安排乙方執(zhí)行____工作制。執(zhí)行定時(shí)工作制的,甲方安排乙方每日工作時(shí)間不超過八小時(shí),平均每周不超過四十四小時(shí)。甲方保證乙方每周至少休息一日,甲方由于工作需要,經(jīng)與工會(huì)和乙方協(xié)商后可以延長工作時(shí)間,一般每日不得超過一小時(shí),因特殊原因需要延長工作時(shí)間的,在保障乙方身體的條件下延長工作時(shí)間每日不得超過三小時(shí),每月不得超過三十六小時(shí)。執(zhí)行綜合計(jì)算工時(shí)工作制的,平均日和平均周工作時(shí)間不超過法定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作時(shí)間。
(三)乙方的權(quán)利1、享有參加業(yè)務(wù)(技術(shù))學(xué)習(xí)(培訓(xùn))參加工會(huì)、參與民主管理和提出合理化建議、評選和被評選為先進(jìn)職工(生產(chǎn)者)等權(quán)利;2、按照規(guī)定領(lǐng)取勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬和享受勞動(dòng)保險(xiǎn)福利待遇;3、享有休息、休假與獲得勞動(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生保護(hù)的權(quán)利。對違章指揮、強(qiáng)令冒險(xiǎn)作業(yè),有權(quán)拒絕執(zhí)行;4、按照有關(guān)規(guī)定及本合同的有關(guān)條款,可以解除勞動(dòng)合同;5、甲方不履行本合同時(shí),乙方有權(quán)依法向勞動(dòng)爭議仲裁委員會(huì)提起申訴;6、雙方約定的其他權(quán)利:
甲、乙雙方根據(jù)《中華人民共和國勞動(dòng)合同法》和有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)規(guī)定,在平等自愿、公平公正、協(xié)商一致、誠實(shí)信用的基礎(chǔ)上,簽訂本合同。一、勞動(dòng)合同期限:自_____年____月____日起至____年___月___日止,其中試用期自___年___月___日起至___年____月____日止。二、工作內(nèi)容:(一)乙方根據(jù)甲方要求,經(jīng)過協(xié)商,從事________________工作。甲方可根據(jù)工作需要和對乙方業(yè)績的考核結(jié)果,按照合理誠信原則,變動(dòng)乙方的工作崗位,乙方服從甲方的安排。(二)甲方安排乙方所從事的工作內(nèi)容及要求,應(yīng)當(dāng)符合甲方依法制訂的并已公示的規(guī)章制度。乙方應(yīng)當(dāng)按照甲方安排的工作內(nèi)容及要求履行勞動(dòng)義務(wù),按時(shí)完成規(guī)定的工作數(shù)量,達(dá)到規(guī)定的質(zhì)量要求。
為了明確供氣人和用氣人在燃?xì)夤?yīng)和使用中的權(quán)利和義務(wù),根據(jù)《中華人民共和國合同法》、《城市燃?xì)夤芾磙k法》、《城市燃?xì)獍踩芾硪?guī)定》等法律、法規(guī)和規(guī)章,經(jīng)供氣人與用氣人雙方協(xié)商,簽訂本合同,以便共同遵守。第一條 用氣地址、種類、性質(zhì)和用氣量(一)用氣地址為 (用氣人燃?xì)庥镁咚诘氐牡刂?、用氣貯氣設(shè)備所在地的地址、燃?xì)夤?yīng)站的地址等)。(二)用氣種類為 (三)用氣性質(zhì)為 (四)用氣數(shù)量1.用氣量: 立方米/年(噸/年); 立方米/月(噸/月); 立方米/日(噸/日)。2.用氣調(diào)峰的約定: 。第二條 供氣方式和質(zhì)量(一)供氣方式1.供氣人通過管道輸送方式;瓶組供氣方式;瓶裝供氣方式;或者 設(shè)施,向用氣人供氣。2.燃?xì)夤?yīng)時(shí)間約定:24小時(shí)連續(xù)供氣;自 時(shí)起至 時(shí)止;或者 。(二)供氣質(zhì)量1.供氣人所供燃?xì)鈿赓|(zhì)應(yīng)當(dāng)執(zhí)行“天燃?xì)猓璖y7514”:“人工煤氣-GB13612”:“液化氣-GB11174”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
為了明確供水人和用水人在水的供應(yīng)和使用中的權(quán)利和義務(wù),根據(jù)《中華人民共和國合同法》、《城市供水條例》等有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和規(guī)章,經(jīng)供、用水雙方協(xié)商,訂立本合同,以便共同遵守。第一條 用水地址、用水性質(zhì)和用水量(一)用水地址為 。用水四至范圍(即用水人用水區(qū)域四周邊界)是 (可制訂詳圖作為附件)。(二)用水性質(zhì)系 用水,執(zhí)行 供水價(jià)格。(三)用水量為 立方米/日; 立方米/月。(四)計(jì)費(fèi)總水表安裝地點(diǎn)為: (可制訂詳圖作為附件)。(五)安裝計(jì)費(fèi)總水表共 具,注冊號為 。第二條 供水方式和質(zhì)量(一)在合同有效期內(nèi),供水人通過城市公共供水管網(wǎng)及附屬設(shè)施向用水人提供不間斷供水。(二)用水人不能間斷用水或者對水壓、水質(zhì)有特殊要求的,應(yīng)當(dāng)自行設(shè)置貯水、間接加壓設(shè)施及水處理設(shè)備。(三)供水人保證城市公共供水管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)符合國家《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。(四)供水人保證在計(jì)費(fèi)總水表處的水壓大于等于 兆帕;以戶表方式計(jì)費(fèi)的,保證進(jìn)入建筑物前閥門處的水壓大于等于 兆帕。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.