Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
1. 這個(gè)寓言是一個(gè)關(guān)于一位國(guó)王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用這個(gè)故事讓讀者對(duì)于社區(qū)的問(wèn)題負(fù)有個(gè)人責(zé)任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 這個(gè)故事十分成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ),它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語(yǔ)的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容, 即主語(yǔ)等同于表語(yǔ), 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂(lè)。Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語(yǔ)保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ), 通常由名詞或代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
知識(shí)與技能1、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生初步掌握稱謂語(yǔ)、禁忌語(yǔ)、委婉語(yǔ)等交際語(yǔ)言;2、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境條件運(yùn)用不同的交際語(yǔ)言,達(dá)到交際目的。過(guò)程與方法1、通過(guò)故事或習(xí)題分析,掌握有關(guān)交際語(yǔ)言的一些知識(shí);2、講練結(jié)合,有所積累。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀點(diǎn)燃學(xué)生繼承中華傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情,以得體的交際語(yǔ)言營(yíng)造良好的人際環(huán)境。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)根據(jù)交際中運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的要求,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境條件恰當(dāng)?shù)乇砬檫_(dá)意。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)通過(guò)課內(nèi)探索延伸至課外,積累關(guān)于交際中的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的一些知識(shí)。教學(xué)課時(shí):一課時(shí)教學(xué)過(guò)程一、導(dǎo)入利用一道口語(yǔ)交際訓(xùn)練題引入本節(jié)課要探究的內(nèi)容。例1:下面的場(chǎng)合,如果班長(zhǎng)既想達(dá)到批評(píng)的目的,又想把話說(shuō)得委婉些,表達(dá)恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是(C)小李和小楊,為了一點(diǎn)小事,兩人自習(xí)課上大聲地爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。這時(shí),班長(zhǎng)說(shuō):A、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,影響很壞。B、你們這樣大聲爭(zhēng)吵,難道不感到羞恥吧?
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、了解文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化及其原因。2、探討個(gè)性化解讀遵循的基本原則,合理解讀文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)重點(diǎn):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注文學(xué)現(xiàn)象,培養(yǎng)他們對(duì)文學(xué)作品理解的多重思維能力。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):把握個(gè)性化的度。避免偏激的理解、過(guò)度的張揚(yáng)所謂個(gè)性,嚴(yán)重歪曲文學(xué)作品。教學(xué)方法:導(dǎo)讀、計(jì)論、合作探究。教學(xué)時(shí)間:一課時(shí)教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、揭題導(dǎo)入:記得有這樣一個(gè)故事:一個(gè)小孩在四歲就能背《登鸛雀樓》,可平時(shí)只有在大人的要求下,他才背出來(lái)。直到六歲的某一天,他父母帶他去旅游,在他登陸上山頂時(shí),竟然隨口背出:“欲窮千里目,更上一層樓”來(lái)。這說(shuō)明了什么?……(討論)文學(xué)作品解讀的個(gè)性化。二、探討個(gè)性化解讀的原因1、讀者的差異導(dǎo)致解讀的個(gè)性化A、同一作品,閱讀的時(shí)間不同,解讀不同。如上面的例子。如《從百草園到三味書(shū)屋》和《風(fēng)箏》主題的多元化理解?!皽毓手隆?,名作重讀,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同讀者,解讀不同。
《普通高中語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》關(guān)于“表達(dá)與交流”方面學(xué)生應(yīng)達(dá)到的目標(biāo)有如下的表述:“學(xué)會(huì)多角度地觀察生活,豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗(yàn),對(duì)自然、社會(huì)和人生有自己的感受和思考”,“進(jìn)一步提高記敘述、說(shuō)明、描寫(xiě)、議論、抒情等基本表達(dá)能力”。觀察、感受、思考是寫(xiě)好作文的必要的積累與條件,而用最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言與形式傳達(dá)自己的所得則屬于“技巧”方面的范疇。教材“表達(dá)與交流”的編選采用的“話題探討—寫(xiě)法借鑒—寫(xiě)作練習(xí)”的體例,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是就某一話題訓(xùn)練某一方面的寫(xiě)作能力,能使教與學(xué)具有較強(qiáng)的操作性,目標(biāo)更具體,也就是“既講‘寫(xiě)什么’,又講‘怎么寫(xiě)’”,能克服“純技術(shù)性訓(xùn)練”;不足在于容易造成教與學(xué)上的“只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木、不見(jiàn)森林”現(xiàn)象。要讓學(xué)生確實(shí)形成能力,舉一反三,老師的備課量非常之大,好在現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達(dá),必修1和必修2還配了教案(不知為什么必修3和必修4沒(méi)有),總算應(yīng)對(duì)過(guò)來(lái),因此,我在此所講的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)之類的,有許多不是我個(gè)人的,是別人的成果,特此聲明。
方法點(diǎn)撥教師:有的同學(xué)敘述事實(shí)論據(jù)時(shí),不突出重點(diǎn)和精華,不注意取舍,水分太多,有許多的敘述描寫(xiě),有時(shí)還有詳細(xì)的故事情節(jié),文章幾乎成了記敘文,使文章的論點(diǎn)無(wú)法得到充分的證明,這是寫(xiě)議論文的大忌。那么:議論文中的記敘有哪些特點(diǎn)?同學(xué)各抒己見(jiàn)。投影顯示:1.議論中的記敘不是單純的寫(xiě)人記事,記敘文字是為議論服務(wù)的,其目的是為作者所闡明的道理提供事實(shí)依據(jù)。所以,在記敘時(shí)要求簡(jiǎn)潔、概括,舍棄其中的細(xì)節(jié),僅僅交代清楚事件或者人物的概貌即可,一般不在各種描寫(xiě)手段上下功夫,只要把能證明觀點(diǎn)的那個(gè)部分、側(cè)面交代清楚就行了。2.議論文中的記敘性文字不得超過(guò)總字?jǐn)?shù)的1/3,否則視為文體不當(dāng)。能力提升一、教師:了解了議論文中的記敘的特點(diǎn),接下來(lái)我們看看今天的話題:“愛(ài)的奉獻(xiàn)”,你想從哪個(gè)角度立論?有哪些素材?
1、變換角度,多向思維(多向思維要求思維能針對(duì)問(wèn)題,從不同角度,用多種方法去思考問(wèn)題。對(duì)于作文而言,就是要使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)同一問(wèn)題,同一素材,同一題目,同一體裁的不同進(jìn)行區(qū)分。)請(qǐng)學(xué)生從這則材料中分析出幾個(gè)角度,準(zhǔn)備課堂交流:19世紀(jì)法國(guó)著名科幻小說(shuō)家儒勒?凡爾納,一生寫(xiě)了104部科幻小說(shuō)。當(dāng)初他的第一部科幻小說(shuō)《氣球上的星期五》接連被15家出版社退回。他當(dāng)時(shí)既痛苦又氣憤,打算將稿子付之一炬。他妻子奪過(guò)書(shū)稿,給他以鼓勵(lì)。于是他嘗試著走進(jìn)第16家出版社。經(jīng)理赫哲爾閱讀后,當(dāng)即表示同意出版,還與儒勒?凡爾納簽訂了為期20年的寫(xiě)作出版合同。這則材料敘述時(shí)沒(méi)有一定的中心,屬于開(kāi)發(fā)性材料,分析材料中人物、人物關(guān)系、故事的不同側(cè)面,可以從不同角度得出結(jié)論:
4、主旨 哪一聯(lián)明確地點(diǎn)明全詩(shī)題旨?表達(dá)了作者的什么感情?試做分析 頸聯(lián)。 菊花開(kāi)在秋天,所以這 “ 叢菊 ” 回應(yīng)了詩(shī)題中那個(gè) “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指過(guò)去也可以指未來(lái),在這里是指過(guò)去?!皡簿諆砷_(kāi)”,指詩(shī)人于 765 年離開(kāi)成都,原打算很快出峽,但這年留居云安,次年又留居夔州,見(jiàn)到叢菊開(kāi)了兩次,還未出峽,故對(duì)菊掉淚。秋菊兩度盛開(kāi),使詩(shī)人再次灑下往日流過(guò)的眼淚?!伴_(kāi)”字雙關(guān),一謂菊花開(kāi),又言淚眼隨之開(kāi)。此時(shí)他仍然滯留在他鄉(xiāng),他始終沒(méi)有放棄回鄉(xiāng)的打算。孤舟可以系住,使其不能泛諸中流,但詩(shī)人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越過(guò)江河,越過(guò)關(guān)山,飛到了長(zhǎng)安。所以,一葉靠岸系繩的孤舟,始終都牽動(dòng)著詩(shī)人的故園之思。這一聯(lián)是全篇詩(shī)意所在。孤舟本來(lái)只能系住自己的行蹤,卻把詩(shī)人的思鄉(xiāng)之心也牢牢地系住了,故見(jiàn)舟傷心,引出故園之思,表現(xiàn)出思鄉(xiāng)之情的深沉濃烈和欲歸不得的無(wú)奈與凄傷,為文章的主旨句。
論證方法之引證法如何用好引證法:1.所引用的名言警句等針對(duì)性要強(qiáng)。每句名言都產(chǎn)生于特定的背景,都應(yīng)用于特定的交際目的,即使談同一個(gè)問(wèn)題,也有不少名言可供選取。2.要簡(jiǎn)潔,不宜過(guò)多。議論是在發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解而不是在介紹他人的見(jiàn)解。引用他人的話,目的是為了讓讀者更加信服自己的話。3.要注意直接引用和間接引用的區(qū)別。直接引用務(wù)求文字、甚至標(biāo)點(diǎn)均準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;間接引用只須述其大意,但要注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換。論證方法之喻證法喻證法是用設(shè)喻來(lái)論證論點(diǎn)的方法。在議論文中,設(shè)喻可以使論點(diǎn)更易懂、更風(fēng)趣、更容易獲得讀者的認(rèn)同。喻證法能化抽象為具體、化艱深為淺顯、化枯燥為生動(dòng)。論證方法之喻證法如何用好喻證法:1.以小見(jiàn)大,就近取譬。要精選生活中細(xì)小的、人們熟悉的事物做為設(shè)喻的喻體。2.喻體不求形似,只求神似。做為喻證的喻體與做為比喻的喻體不同。比喻的喻體是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)特征,描繪事物,側(cè)重形似,以形比形;而喻證的喻體是為了闡發(fā)觀點(diǎn),以正視聽(tīng),力求神似,以義取形。
評(píng)價(jià)分析法,就是引述事例后,對(duì)所引述的事例作適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià),從而使自己的觀點(diǎn)得到印證。例如,在論“節(jié)儉”時(shí),引用了“曾國(guó)藩以儉戒子,其子曾紀(jì)澤終成出色的外交家;方志敏居官不貪,一生清貧,千古留名”的事實(shí)后,接著進(jìn)行分析:是的,“儉者心常富”,節(jié)儉能培養(yǎng)人同困難作斗爭(zhēng)的勇氣和意志,而這正是一個(gè)人立業(yè)最重要的素質(zhì)。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),有人說(shuō)饑餓是人生的佐料,吃苦是一種資本也不無(wú)道理,而自覺(jué)和戒奢尚儉則更是促人修身養(yǎng)性,磨煉意志的有效途徑。這里,作者緊扣論點(diǎn),對(duì)論據(jù)進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)性分析,這種評(píng)價(jià)分析使作者的觀點(diǎn)得到強(qiáng)化。(四)因果分析法因果分析法,就是抓住論據(jù)所述的事實(shí),并據(jù)此推求形成原因的一種分析方法。事出必有其因。我們可以依據(jù)事物發(fā)展變化的因果關(guān)系,由事物發(fā)展變化的結(jié)果,推導(dǎo)出產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的原因,從而揭示出一定的生活規(guī)律,使事例有力地證明觀點(diǎn)。
一、說(shuō)教材《說(shuō)“木葉”》這篇文學(xué)論文位于統(tǒng)編版高中語(yǔ)文必修下冊(cè)第三單元。本單元對(duì)應(yīng)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)群是“實(shí)用性閱讀與交流”,人文主題是“探索與創(chuàng)新”,語(yǔ)文素養(yǎng)是“學(xué)習(xí)閱讀知識(shí)性讀物,理清文章思路,學(xué)習(xí)闡釋說(shuō)明、邏輯推理的方法,體會(huì)語(yǔ)言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)準(zhǔn)確,發(fā)展科學(xué)思維”。《說(shuō)“木葉”》提出了中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌為何用“‘木葉’而不用‘樹(shù)葉’、又由‘木葉’發(fā)展為‘落木’的疑問(wèn)”,繼而分析了“木”字的兩個(gè)藝術(shù)特征,解決了上述疑問(wèn),闡發(fā)了中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言的暗示性。二、說(shuō)學(xué)情高一年級(jí)下學(xué)期的學(xué)生已經(jīng)接觸過(guò)不少實(shí)用性論說(shuō)類文本,例如統(tǒng)編版九年級(jí)上冊(cè)《論教養(yǎng)》《談創(chuàng)造性思維》等文章。本學(xué)段的學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了“論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證”的相關(guān)知識(shí),并且發(fā)展了一定的邏輯思維能力,這為《說(shuō)“木葉”》的講授提供了學(xué)習(xí)支架。但《說(shuō)“木葉”》這篇文學(xué)論文,篇幅長(zhǎng)達(dá)三千字,使用了專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ),運(yùn)用大量詩(shī)詞舉例,這些是給學(xué)生閱讀造成困難的原因。
這五個(gè)問(wèn)題,主要從學(xué)情出發(fā),由淺入深,從感知到理論,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的鑒賞能力。第三環(huán)節(jié):延伸探究、展示成果(多媒體顯示)走出文本,引入課外同類文學(xué)現(xiàn)象,讓學(xué)生能夠觸類旁通,舉一反三,把教材作為一個(gè)例子,讓學(xué)生在深入的文學(xué)鑒賞中再次獲得語(yǔ)言的審美。同學(xué)們初步掌握了文學(xué)語(yǔ)言具有暗示性的性質(zhì)后,還需鞏固、提升鑒賞能力!這里我采取的方法是:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認(rèn)真閱讀文本,經(jīng)小組合作探究后,得出本組的鑒賞成果并加以展示,這里重在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的理解能力和分析綜合能力。問(wèn)題是:1、 請(qǐng)結(jié)合下面三首詞的意境,選用殘紅、落紅、亂紅填空。2、 閱讀下面這些句子,理解“燕”在詞語(yǔ)中的暗示意義。該環(huán)節(jié)充分體現(xiàn)了 “ 教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生為主體”的原則。老師的適時(shí)點(diǎn)撥,讓學(xué)生的鑒賞思路更加清晰。學(xué)生通過(guò)合作探究,理解能力和分析綜合能力得到了提升。
④結(jié)合杜甫的身世遭遇,你認(rèn)為這里的“艱難苦恨”包含著哪些情感?第五步是拓展延伸對(duì)比閱讀李白的《夢(mèng)游天姥吟留別》,討論詩(shī)體形式與詩(shī)人情感抒發(fā)之間的關(guān)系。第六步是達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)我將緊扣考試題型,以理解性默寫(xiě)的形式,當(dāng)堂檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)詩(shī)歌的掌握情況第三環(huán):課后跟蹤課后作業(yè):①背誦并默寫(xiě)詩(shī)歌②鑒賞詩(shī)歌《秋興八首》 (其一) ,找出詩(shī)歌所用意象,體會(huì)意境,表達(dá)情感。玉露凋傷楓樹(shù)林,巫山巫峽氣蕭森。江間波浪兼天涌,塞上風(fēng)云接地陰。叢菊兩開(kāi)他日淚,孤舟一系故園心。寒衣處處催刀尺,搗衣砧上拂還來(lái)。最后,我來(lái)說(shuō)一說(shuō)我的板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì),我的板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)潔明了,清晰直觀,能夠突出本課的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。以上就是我本說(shuō)課的全部?jī)?nèi)容,再次感謝各位考官的聆聽(tīng)!