教師提示:1.這句話的本體不是一般意義上的“中國詩”,即不是指中國詩歌中的某一類作品或某位詩人的作品,而是指中國詩的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。早熟,是指“純粹的抒情詩的精髓和峰極,在中國詩里出現(xiàn)得異常之早”;早衰,是指“中國詩一蹴而至崇高的境界,以后就缺乏變化,而且逐漸腐化”(腐化,是對(duì)詩的思想內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)價(jià)值而言的)。這句話,借助比喻和比喻中的對(duì)比(“早熟”與“早衰”),從詩歌發(fā)展的角度,簡(jiǎn)要地說明了中國詩的藝術(shù)特征和由此產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響。2.這句話有兩層意思:一是借梵文的《百喻經(jīng)》闡釋中國的藝術(shù)和思想體構(gòu)上的缺欠,旨在批評(píng);二是點(diǎn)明造成這種缺欠的根本原因?!耙粋€(gè)印度愚人要住三層樓而不許匠人造底下兩層”這樣的建筑物就是“飄飄凌云的空中樓閣”,作者以此作喻,批評(píng)中國的藝術(shù)和思想體構(gòu)缺乏嚴(yán)密的邏輯性,往往脫離客觀實(shí)際,沒有堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),其結(jié)果必定影響藝術(shù)的健康、穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展。
商業(yè)活動(dòng)、人口遷徙、教育活動(dòng)是文化傳播的主要途徑。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,文化傳播的手段也越來越多樣,越來越先進(jìn)。現(xiàn)代文化傳播已經(jīng)不僅限于這些,傳播的媒介越來越多。經(jīng)歷了口語、文字、印刷、電子和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等發(fā)展階段。二、大眾傳媒:現(xiàn)代文化傳播的手段1、 傳媒:傳播的媒介2、 發(fā)展:口語――文字――印刷――電子――網(wǎng)絡(luò)3、 現(xiàn)代傳媒包括:報(bào)刊、廣播、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、雜志、書籍、手機(jī)、電子讀物等各種現(xiàn)代傳媒的作用各具特色,各有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(學(xué)生討論并暢談各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))歸納:新的傳媒的出現(xiàn),并不意味著舊傳媒的消失,各種傳媒都在文化傳播中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。傳媒的真正開始面向大眾傳遞信息,是以印刷媒體的推廣為標(biāo)志的。如今,依托電子技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、光纖通信技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、多媒體技術(shù)等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù),大眾傳媒能夠最大程度地穿越時(shí)空局限,匯集來自世界各地的信息,日益顯示出文化傳遞、溝通、共享的強(qiáng)大功能,已經(jīng)成為文化傳播的主要手段。
(一)、生活中的文化傳播◇課堂探究:(1)旅游歸來,介紹異國他鄉(xiāng)的風(fēng)俗人情、奇聞趣事;闔家團(tuán)聚,高談闊論各自的所見所聞;獨(dú)居一室,打開收音機(jī)收聽節(jié)目……這些現(xiàn)象具有哪些共同特點(diǎn)?生活中還有哪些現(xiàn)象屬于文化傳播?(2)你能歸納出文化傳播主要有哪幾種方式嗎?◇探究提示:(1)這些現(xiàn)象都屬于文化傳播,通過這些活動(dòng)傳遞知識(shí)、信息、觀念、情感和信仰等。生活中朋友聚會(huì)、參加娛樂活動(dòng)、在家上網(wǎng)看電視等,都屬于文化傳播。(2)文化傳播主要方式有:商業(yè)活動(dòng)、人口遷徙、教育、文化娛樂活動(dòng)等。1.文化傳播的含義文化交流的過程,就是文化傳播的過程。那么何為文化傳播?人們通過一定的方式傳遞知識(shí)、信息、觀念、情感和信仰,以及與此相關(guān)的所有社會(huì)交往活動(dòng),都可視為文化傳播。
◇小辭典:綠色閱讀隨著知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來,全球化信息浪潮正鋪天蓋地席卷而來。尤其足隨著我國加入世貿(mào)組織由夢(mèng)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí),同國外進(jìn)行頻繁而廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流,在所難免。在大量文化信息面前,就像物質(zhì)生活中倡導(dǎo)綠色食品一樣,對(duì)于精神食糧,也應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)綠色閱讀。綠色閱讀,是一種無污染的有利于人健康文明生活的閱讀。文化就像大自然那種綠色帶給我們永久愉悅一樣,它是高科技競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中源源不斷地給我們充電的高效營養(yǎng)庫,是一個(gè)沙漠中穿行人身心交瘁時(shí)望到的一片綠洲,是一個(gè)人葆有的、沒有受到任何污染的、永遠(yuǎn)都清如許的“半畝方塘”?!笳n堂練習(xí):在我國,必須大力倡導(dǎo)“愛國守法、明禮誠信、團(tuán)結(jié)友善、勤儉自強(qiáng)、敬業(yè)奉獻(xiàn),的基本道德規(guī)范。這些基本道德規(guī)范()①是我國社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容②是我國社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的重要特征③是我國社會(huì)主義道德的重要體現(xiàn)④是社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的唯一精神動(dòng)力
(2)、中國堅(jiān)持以互利合作實(shí)現(xiàn)共同繁榮----促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展中國堅(jiān)持以互利合作實(shí)現(xiàn)共同繁榮。中國連續(xù)擔(dān)任經(jīng)社理事會(huì)理事國,積極參與經(jīng)社系統(tǒng)有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要國際會(huì)議和其他活動(dòng)并承辦了聯(lián)合國第四次世界婦女大會(huì)。中國積極推動(dòng)南北對(duì)話和南南合作,敦促發(fā)達(dá)國家為實(shí)現(xiàn)全球普遍、協(xié)調(diào)、均衡發(fā)展承擔(dān)更多責(zé)任。中國加人多項(xiàng)國際人權(quán)公約并認(rèn)真履行公約義務(wù),與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)事務(wù)高級(jí)專員保持良好合作,與多國展開人權(quán)對(duì)話。相關(guān)鏈接:1995年9月,聯(lián)合國第四次世界婦女大會(huì)在北京舉行。來自197個(gè)國家和地區(qū)以及眾多國際組織的1.76萬名代表圍繞會(huì)議主題“以行動(dòng)謀求平等、發(fā)展與和平”展開熱烈討論。會(huì)議通過了《北京宣言》和《行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)》,為全球婦女事業(yè)的發(fā)展注入了新的活力。
從質(zhì)量、體積、平均密度、公轉(zhuǎn)與自轉(zhuǎn)周期等各方面,地球沒有一項(xiàng)是最大值或最小值,這說明地球僅僅是太陽系中一顆最普通不過的一顆行星。2、地球又是一顆特殊的行星。問題 :為什么?因?yàn)榈厍蚴悄壳拔覀円阎奈ㄒ淮嬖谏?,特點(diǎn)是存在高級(jí)智慧生物的天體。問題:為什么地球上會(huì)存在生命?原因:(1)地球所處的宇宙環(huán)境來說:地球處于一種相對(duì)安全的宇宙環(huán)境。例:A、九大行星公轉(zhuǎn)的同向性、同面 性、及公 轉(zhuǎn)軌道的近圓性。B 太陽光照條件的穩(wěn)定性。從地球產(chǎn)生到地球上有生物,幾十億年期間,太陽 沒有明顯的變化,地球所處的光照條件一直較穩(wěn)定,生命演化沒有中斷。(2)地球自身的物質(zhì)條件:例:A 日地距離適中,形成了適宜的溫度:日地距離適中,地球表面平均溫度15度,適合生物的生存。(擴(kuò)展:地球自轉(zhuǎn)速度適中,大氣層的保溫效應(yīng))B 地球質(zhì)量與體積適中,使地球有了適合的大氣條件。C 原始海洋的形成 :使 生命的出現(xiàn)成為可能。
(3)2004年6月末至7月初,廣東省出現(xiàn)罕見的大面積持續(xù)高溫炎熱天氣,全省有45個(gè)縣(市)的最高氣溫破歷史同期記錄。造成此次異常天氣的主要原因是()A.副熱帶高壓和熱帶氣旋外圍下沉氣流共同影響B(tài).大量使用汽車和制冷設(shè)備C.綠色植物呼吸作用釋放CO:D.全球溫室效應(yīng)長期作用【解析】(1)根據(jù)“源于西太平洋洋面的臺(tái)風(fēng)”判斷該臺(tái)風(fēng)屬于北半球的氣旋型的天氣系統(tǒng),當(dāng)臺(tái)風(fēng)中心位于南海時(shí),廣東沿海地區(qū)正好位于該氣旋的北部,故吹東北風(fēng)。(2)夏秋季節(jié)的臺(tái)風(fēng)主要影響我國的南部、東部沿海地區(qū),廣東沿海正好位于該地區(qū),受到的影響較大;廣東沿海是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)非常發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū),富含有N、P、K等營養(yǎng)元素的工廠生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、生活廢水的排放導(dǎo)致海水中的藻類物質(zhì)大量繁殖,水中的溶解氧減少,魚類因窒息而死亡的現(xiàn)象在該地區(qū)時(shí)常發(fā)生。(3)從題干中提供的信息分析可知,6月末至7月初為北半球的夏季,因是短期的高溫,與正常年份相比出現(xiàn)異常天氣是因副熱帶高壓和熱帶氣旋外圍下沉氣流共同影響。
一、低濕地的治理與開發(fā)1、 低濕地治理開發(fā)的原因——辛店洼自然條件的主要特點(diǎn)(1)地勢(shì)低平:辛店洼洼底海拔17.5米,洼緣海拔19.5米,是全市最低點(diǎn)。(2)漬澇嚴(yán)重:其成因如表6-4所示(3)土質(zhì)好、水源足、水質(zhì)好:成土母質(zhì)為黃河沖積物,土壤質(zhì)地好;水資源豐富,水質(zhì)較好。2、低洼地治理開發(fā)的方法:魚塘——臺(tái)田模式(或稱塘田模式)以往辛店洼曾采用挖溝排水的措施治理低洼地,但治理效果不明顯,因?yàn)樾恋晖莸闹饕苁堑貏?shì)低洼,地下水位高,挖溝排水因地勢(shì)低,排水困難,地下水位難以下降,故治理效果不明顯。20世紀(jì)80年代以來,科學(xué)工作者在辛店洼地區(qū)開始了整治低濕地的研究,他們遵循“因洼制宜”的指導(dǎo)思想,逐步摸索出了低濕地的治理模式:魚塘—--臺(tái)田模式
1、追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)的要求(1)在遵守公民基本道德規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)上,追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo),是一個(gè)不斷改造主觀世界的長期過程。積極的、健康的、進(jìn)步的思想道德,總是舊消極的、有害的、落后的思想道德相比較而存存、相斗爭(zhēng)而發(fā)展的。只有形成正確的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀,真正劃清唯物論與唯心論的界限,社會(huì)主義心想與封建主義、資本主義腐朽思想的界限,科學(xué)與迷信的界限,文明與愚昧的界限、才能切實(shí)增強(qiáng)識(shí)別和抵制各種錯(cuò)誤思潮的能力,為此,必須努力學(xué)習(xí)馬克思主義的科學(xué)理論,堅(jiān)定建沒小聞特色社會(huì)主義共同理想,逐步樹立共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想?!簏c(diǎn)撥:“專家點(diǎn)評(píng)”說明了共同理想與最高理想的關(guān)系。(1)共同理想和最高理想的區(qū)別:含義不同。根據(jù)馬克思主義的科學(xué)預(yù)見,共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)將是物質(zhì)財(cái)富極大豐富、人民精神境界極大提高,每個(gè)人自由而全面發(fā)展的社會(huì)。
1、說說旅游環(huán)境容量測(cè)算對(duì)頤和園環(huán)境保護(hù)所起的作用。點(diǎn)撥:旅游環(huán)境容量測(cè)算對(duì)頤和園環(huán)境保護(hù)所起的作用是通過對(duì)游客流量的控制來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。頤和園的旅游吸引物有許多是珍貴的文物,游客的觸摸、踐踏等都會(huì)使文物遭受損耗控制客流量就控制了這些損耗。游客過多,廢棄物也過多,超過頤和園的承受能力就會(huì)造成污染,控制客流量可以使廢棄物控制在處理能力范圍內(nèi)??刂朴慰腿萘?,可避免游客過多造成旅游氛圍和景觀的破壞,可避免發(fā)生各種矛盾和不文明行為乃至犯罪行為。旅游環(huán)境容量測(cè)算為頤和園的管理、發(fā)展和規(guī)劃提供了基本依據(jù),有助于管理部門因時(shí)因地做好管理、監(jiān)督、疏導(dǎo)工作,有助于制訂頤和園旅游發(fā)展規(guī)劃,還有助于采取頤和園客流的時(shí)空分流措施。2、你還有沒有更好的辦法來解決頤和園旅游環(huán)境容量問題。點(diǎn)撥:解決頤和園旅游環(huán)境容量問題可以從“開源”和“節(jié)流”兩方面加以考慮。
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.4.1節(jié)《對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念》。對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)是高中數(shù)學(xué)在指數(shù)函數(shù)之后的重要初等函數(shù)之一。對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)聯(lián)系密切,無論是研究的思想方法方法還是圖像及性質(zhì),都有其共通之處。相較于指數(shù)函數(shù),對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象亦有其獨(dú)特的美感。學(xué)習(xí)中讓學(xué)生體會(huì)在類比推理,感受圖像的變化,認(rèn)識(shí)變化的規(guī)律,這是提高學(xué)生直觀想象能力的一個(gè)重要的過程。為之后學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)提供了更多角度的分析方法。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、理解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的定義,會(huì)求對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的定義域;2、了解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)之間的聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察問題、分析問題和歸納問題的思維能力以及數(shù)學(xué)交流能力;滲透類比等基本數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。3、在學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)過程中,使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)事物的特殊性與一般性之間的關(guān)系,培養(yǎng)數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用的意識(shí),感受數(shù)學(xué)、理解數(shù)學(xué)、探索數(shù)學(xué),提高學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣。
對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)是相通的,本節(jié)在已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)指數(shù)函數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上通過實(shí)例總結(jié)歸納對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念,通過函數(shù)的形式與特征解決一些與對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)有關(guān)的問題.課程目標(biāo)1、通過實(shí)際問題了解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的實(shí)際背景;2、掌握對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念,并會(huì)判斷一些函數(shù)是否是對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù). 數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念;2.邏輯推理:用待定系數(shù)法求函數(shù)解析式及解析值;3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:利用對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念求參數(shù);4.數(shù)學(xué)建模:通過由抽象到具體,由具體到一般的思想總結(jié)對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)概念.重點(diǎn):理解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念和意義;難點(diǎn):理解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念.教學(xué)方法:以學(xué)生為主體,采用誘思探究式教學(xué),精講多練。教學(xué)工具:多媒體。一、 情景導(dǎo)入我們已經(jīng)研究了死亡生物體內(nèi)碳14的含量y隨死亡時(shí)間x的變化而衰減的規(guī)律.反過來,已知死亡生物體內(nèi)碳14的含量,如何得知死亡了多長時(shí)間呢?進(jìn)一步地,死亡時(shí)間t是碳14的含量y的函數(shù)嗎?
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.4.2節(jié)《對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì)》 是高中數(shù)學(xué)在指數(shù)函數(shù)之后的重要初等函數(shù)之一。對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)聯(lián)系密切,無論是研究的思想方法方法還是圖像及性質(zhì),都有其共通之處。相較于指數(shù)函數(shù),對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象亦有其獨(dú)特的美感。在類比推理的過程中,感受圖像的變化,認(rèn)識(shí)變化的規(guī)律,這是提高學(xué)生直觀想象能力的一個(gè)重要的過程。為之后學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)提供了更多角度的分析方法。培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學(xué)生邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、掌握對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì);能利用對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像與性質(zhì)來解決簡(jiǎn)單問題;2、經(jīng)過探究對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì),對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)圖像之間的聯(lián)系,對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)內(nèi)部的的聯(lián)系。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察問題、分析問題和歸納問題的思維能力以及數(shù)學(xué)交流能力;滲透類比等基本數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。
由于三角函數(shù)是刻畫周期變化現(xiàn)象的數(shù)學(xué)模型,這也是三角函數(shù)不同于其他類型函數(shù)的最重要的地方,而且對(duì)于周期函數(shù),我們只要認(rèn)識(shí)清楚它在一個(gè)周期的區(qū)間上的性質(zhì),那么它的性質(zhì)也就完全清楚了,因此本節(jié)課利用單位圓中的三角函數(shù)的定義、三角函數(shù)值之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系性等來作圖,從畫出的圖形中觀察得出五個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),得到“五點(diǎn)法”畫正弦函數(shù)、余弦函數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)圖.課程目標(biāo)1.掌握“五點(diǎn)法”畫正弦曲線和余弦曲線的步驟和方法,能用“五點(diǎn)法”作出簡(jiǎn)單的正弦、余弦曲線.2.理解正弦曲線與余弦曲線之間的聯(lián)系. 數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:正弦曲線與余弦曲線的概念; 2.邏輯推理:正弦曲線與余弦曲線的聯(lián)系; 3.直觀想象:正弦函數(shù)余弦函數(shù)的圖像; 4.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:五點(diǎn)作圖; 5.數(shù)學(xué)建模:通過正弦、余弦圖象圖像,解決不等式問題及零點(diǎn)問題,這正是數(shù)形結(jié)合思想方法的應(yīng)用.