在人物方面,劉慈欣的小說繼承了古典科幻小說中的人物塑造規(guī)律,即無論是技術(shù)專家還是普通人,他們一定要在社會(huì)的變革中被推向改變世界的精英舞臺(tái)。在情感線索方面,劉慈欣與其他新生代作家的主要區(qū)別是,他很少將男女關(guān)系置于情感的中心位置(雖然他的男女情感寫得細(xì)膩而成熟)……在他的作品中,科學(xué)的詩意永遠(yuǎn)是一種基本情調(diào)。疑難探究如何理解小說中的“我”和小姑娘這兩個(gè)人物形象?小說的主要人物是“我”與“她”(小姑娘)?!拔摇笔切≌f的敘事者,也是小說中“行動(dòng)著”的人,起著串聯(lián)情節(jié)的作用?!拔摇钡男愿窦扔虚_朗熱情的一面,也有灰色傷感的另一面,內(nèi)心深處的悲憫情懷,使“我”這個(gè)形象更加豐滿。小姑娘作為地航飛船的領(lǐng)航員,身處險(xiǎn)境而不驚恐,不慌亂,還不告訴“我”自己所處的位置,不傾訴自己的郁悶,以大無畏的精神繼續(xù)堅(jiān)守崗位,不僅表現(xiàn)出勇敢、樂觀、堅(jiān)韌的品質(zhì),更帶有一種悲壯的英雄主義色彩。
文帝之后六年,匈奴大入邊。乃以宗正劉禮為將軍,軍霸上;祝茲侯徐厲為將軍,軍棘門;以河內(nèi)守亞夫?yàn)閷④?,軍?xì)柳:以備胡。這一段主要圍繞“大入邊”之“大”來構(gòu)建段落。整段文字看似與“大”無關(guān),實(shí)則處處圍繞“大”字做文章。寫漢文帝三封將軍“以備胡”,這是從內(nèi)容上寫胡人“入邊”之“大”:邊關(guān)吃緊,戰(zhàn)勢嚴(yán)峻。為了達(dá)到內(nèi)容與形式的珠聯(lián)璧合,司馬遷在言語上連用三個(gè)“以……為……”的排比句式,以排山倒海的“聲”勢從言語上體現(xiàn)了“大”,以此增強(qiáng)文章的氣勢,形成一種“山雨欲來風(fēng)滿樓”的危急感。不僅如此,司馬遷甚是在意言語細(xì)節(jié)。在連用三個(gè)“以……為……”時(shí),打破言語的慣性,突然在第二個(gè)“以……為……”中省略了“以”字,這看似唐突,實(shí)則其心可鑒,省略第二個(gè)“以”字后,“以宗正劉禮為將軍,軍霸上;祝茲侯徐厲為將軍,軍棘門”不僅在視覺上間隔縮短,而且在朗讀時(shí)彼此節(jié)奏加緊,聯(lián)系更加緊密,軍情更顯危急,胡人“入邊”之形勢就顯得更“大”了。而且,三個(gè)“以……為……”;“……為……”;“以……為……”之間張弛有度,一緊一松,營造了語勢上的跌宕起伏,極具音韻之美。
設(shè)問2:第3段和第4段都寫繁華,兩段的區(qū)別是什么?預(yù)設(shè) 第3段是概括總寫繁華景象,第4段則是具體描繪繁華景象。兩段之間是從概括到具體的邏輯關(guān)系?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過細(xì)讀課文,讓學(xué)生在把握生字詞的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)課文有初步的感知,可以用簡單的詞語概括作者所感知畫面的整體特點(diǎn),而且能夠用文中具體的語句加以印證。以此訓(xùn)練學(xué)生自主把握文章重要信息的能力。三、自主探究尋繁華1.瀏覽課文,理清全文的說明順序設(shè)問1:作者介紹了這幅畫哪些方面的信息?在文中進(jìn)行勾畫批注,并說說文章可分為哪幾個(gè)部分,概括主要意思。(生瀏覽勾畫,批注交流)預(yù)設(shè) 文章分為三個(gè)部分:第1段:介紹這幅畫作的創(chuàng)作背景,引出本文的說明對(duì)象——《清明上河圖》。第2段:介紹了這幅畫作的作者張擇端及其創(chuàng)作動(dòng)機(jī)。
預(yù)設(shè) 清政府派遣這些留學(xué)生去國外留學(xué),目的是學(xué)習(xí)國外先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù),回來報(bào)效國家,然而實(shí)際上他們在國外不學(xué)無術(shù),忘記了自身使命和肩上的責(zé)任。作者在描寫完留學(xué)生的這些丑態(tài)之后,采用了反語的手法,用一句話進(jìn)行了總結(jié)——“實(shí)在標(biāo)致極了”,仿佛是壓抑不住的火山爆發(fā),極盡諷刺之能事,酣發(fā)鄙夷、憎惡之胸臆。師:作者在這里采用了反語的手法,暗諷“清國留學(xué)生”們的丑態(tài),除此之外,文中還有哪些地方運(yùn)用了這種手法?預(yù)設(shè) 作者稱日俄戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)的日本學(xué)生為“愛國青年”,說自己國內(nèi)的論敵為“正人君子”,都是運(yùn)用反語進(jìn)行嘲諷。又如說日本對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)的翻譯“并不比中國早”,說日本青年雖抗議托爾斯泰引用《新約》中的話,但他們“暗地里卻早受了他的影響了”,都是話里有話,含義無窮的?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】此環(huán)節(jié)通過“咬文嚼字”,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)從字里行間來品析文章深意,同時(shí)使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步揣摩魯迅先生“幽默諷刺、含蓄深蘊(yùn)”的語言風(fēng)格。
3. 同學(xué)們,我們再從表達(dá)方式方面去考慮一下。教師指正:寫景、抒情、議論相結(jié)合。這是一首雄壯的抒情詞作。上闋寫景,氣勢磅礴、氣象雄渾,而又寓情于景,句句洋溢著熱愛祖國河山的豪情。下闋議論,由評(píng)論歷史人物轉(zhuǎn)到歌頌當(dāng)代無產(chǎn)階級(jí)英雄,抒發(fā)作者的豪情壯志。全詞熔寫景、議論和抒情于一爐,使主題鮮明突出,表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的藝術(shù)效果。五、 課堂檢測,當(dāng)堂反饋要求學(xué)生當(dāng)堂做完下列題目,師生再共同訂正,看看還有哪些知識(shí)沒有掌握,教師及時(shí)要求學(xué)生鞏固。六、知識(shí)遷移,拓展延伸1. 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們下面讀一下柳宗元的《江雪》,回答后面的問題。教師:唐代著名文學(xué)家柳宗元寫過的這首《江雪》,言簡意深。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們思考分析,這首詩與《沁園春·雪》在感情基調(diào)上有什么不同?是什么原因造成的? 教師指正:柳宗元因參加革新運(yùn)動(dòng)失敗而遭貶,他的政治思想和遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)不能實(shí)現(xiàn),內(nèi)心的苦惱與憤懣反映在詩中,就是那個(gè)卓爾不群、孤芳自賞、“獨(dú)釣寒江雪”的“蓑笠翁”。而毛澤東的詞作大氣磅礴,格調(diào)高亢,充滿了熱愛祖國河山、以天下為己任的豪情壯志。這種差別,主要是由于作者所處的時(shí)代、境遇,特別是胸懷的闊狹造成的。
本文是一篇語言優(yōu)美,充滿兒童情趣和文學(xué)色彩的文章,仿佛呼喚著我們?nèi)ふ掖禾?。我們到校園里找一找,也許能在操場邊發(fā)現(xiàn)剛探出頭的小草;我們到野外去找一找,也許能在天空中發(fā)現(xiàn)飄飄搖搖的風(fēng)箏;打開課本,我們還會(huì)在課本插圖中發(fā)現(xiàn)春天的影子;讀著課文,我們會(huì)感覺自己就是那幾個(gè)脫掉棉襖,沖出家門,奔向田野的孩子,我們還能體會(huì)到尋找春天的急切心情,感受到發(fā)現(xiàn)春天的欣喜。二年級(jí)學(xué)生具有好奇、愛探索、易受感染的心理特點(diǎn),容易被新鮮的事物、活動(dòng)的東西所吸引。在一年半的語文學(xué)習(xí)后,他們已經(jīng)能夠說一段較完整的話,并能在教師創(chuàng)設(shè)的情境中體驗(yàn)、感受,達(dá)到情感的共鳴,同時(shí)也積累了不少生活素材,這些都是學(xué)習(xí)本課的有利因素。
一、教材簡析 本單元教學(xué)內(nèi)容主要有:除法的初步認(rèn)識(shí)、用2~6的 乘法口訣求商,解決實(shí)際問題。除法的初步認(rèn)識(shí)分兩個(gè)層次:第一,以生活中常見的“每份同樣多”的實(shí)例合活動(dòng)情境,讓學(xué)生建立“平均分”概念。第二,在“平均分”概念的基礎(chǔ)上引出除法運(yùn)算,說明除法算式各部分的名稱。用口訣求商遵循由易到難的原則。解決問題是結(jié)合除法計(jì)算出現(xiàn)的。首先在除法的初步認(rèn)識(shí)教學(xué)中 孕伏解決問題的內(nèi)容。然后在用2~6的乘法口訣求商之后編入了解決有關(guān)平均分的實(shí)際問題和需要用乘法和除法兩步計(jì)算解決簡單實(shí)際問題的內(nèi)容。
四、品讀揣摩詩歌情志1.讀出意境畫面。師:請(qǐng)同學(xué)們以小組為單位,齊聲朗讀詩歌,然后合作交流,探究下面問題。(1)詩人用了哪些意象來表現(xiàn)晚春景色?詩人用了什么手法來寫晚春景物?取得了怎樣的藝術(shù)效果?(2)詩歌一、二句寫出了怎樣的晚春景致?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們用自己的語言描繪出來。(3)詩的三、四句意蘊(yùn)深刻,為歷代傳誦。請(qǐng)從修辭手法的角度對(duì)這兩句詩進(jìn)行賞析。(生齊讀后,小組交流、討論問題,師指導(dǎo)明確)預(yù)設(shè) (1)詩人用了草樹、楊花、榆莢等意象表現(xiàn)晚春景色。一個(gè)“斗”字,運(yùn)用擬人的修辭手法,把花朵人格化,形象生動(dòng)地寫出了晚春時(shí)節(jié)花草樹木爭芳斗艷的美麗景象?;ú輼淠痉路鸲加辛饲樗?,有了個(gè)性,成了精靈,使描繪的晚春景致生動(dòng)而有情趣。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
A.城鎮(zhèn)數(shù)量猛增B.城市規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】通過讀圖的對(duì)比分析,提高學(xué)生提取信息以及對(duì)比分析問題的能力,通過小組之間的討論,培養(yǎng)合作能力。五、課堂小結(jié)和布置作業(yè)關(guān)于課堂小結(jié),我打算讓學(xué)生自己來總結(jié),你這節(jié)課學(xué)到了什么。這樣既可以提高學(xué)生的總結(jié)概括能力,也可以讓我在第一時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得它們的學(xué)習(xí)反饋。(本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)了珠三角的位置和范圍以及改革開放以來珠三角地區(qū)工業(yè)化和城市化的發(fā)展。)關(guān)于作業(yè)的布置,我打算采用分層次布置作業(yè)法。第一個(gè)層次的作業(yè)是基礎(chǔ)作業(yè),要求每一位同學(xué)都掌握,第二個(gè)層次的作業(yè)是彈性作業(yè),學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的情況來選做。整個(gè)這堂課,老師只是作為一個(gè)引導(dǎo)者、組織者的角色,學(xué)生才是課堂上真正的主人,是自我意義的建構(gòu)者和知識(shí)的生成者,被動(dòng)的、復(fù)制式的課堂將離我們遠(yuǎn)去。
(3)師生討論,提升思維深度。教師引領(lǐng)學(xué)生將討論由農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)破壞、土地利用不合理等表象問題逐步深入到農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)落后等深層問題,提升了學(xué)生思維的深度。(4)角色體驗(yàn),突破難點(diǎn)落實(shí)重點(diǎn)。在農(nóng)民與保護(hù)區(qū)工作人員的角色體驗(yàn)活動(dòng)中,學(xué)生們嘗試換位思考,在沖突與交鋒中,在教師的引領(lǐng)下,重新認(rèn)識(shí)環(huán)境保護(hù)與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系,在情感體驗(yàn)中加深對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展內(nèi)涵的理解,小沖突凸顯大矛盾是本課設(shè)計(jì)的創(chuàng)新之處。2.注重對(duì)地理問題的探究,突出地理學(xué)科本質(zhì)。地理學(xué)科具有綜合性、區(qū)域性特征,區(qū)域差異及人地和諧發(fā)展觀是我們在教學(xué)中應(yīng)該把握的基本特征,也是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把握的地理學(xué)科的本質(zhì)特征,因此在本節(jié)課的設(shè)計(jì)中我注重抓住地理事物的空間特征、綜合性特征,以突出地理學(xué)科的本質(zhì)。
由于這部分知識(shí)已要求學(xué)生在課前收集相關(guān)資料探討分析,,現(xiàn)在提供機(jī)會(huì)讓他們進(jìn)行交流,充分發(fā)表各自的見解。所以,學(xué)生對(duì)這個(gè)知識(shí)掌握起來并不難。所以,我對(duì)這部分內(nèi)容不做太多的講解,只要做進(jìn)一步的梳理,加深學(xué)生的理解即可。 第三是小結(jié)環(huán)節(jié) 在學(xué)生對(duì)西氣東輸工程的原因掌握之后進(jìn)入的是小結(jié)環(huán)節(jié),這里我進(jìn)一步提出問題:在西氣東輸工程段的建設(shè)中有沒有什么難關(guān)? 通過西氣東輸?shù)碾y度了解,間接的表現(xiàn)我國的科技的發(fā)展,增加學(xué)生的愛國情,同時(shí)也說明西氣東輸?shù)慕ǔ梢灿屑夹g(shù)這一原因。從而也完成了本課時(shí)的小結(jié)。 第四環(huán)節(jié)是作業(yè)布置 在這里要求學(xué)生課后預(yù)習(xí)本課剩下的內(nèi)容:思考西氣東輸對(duì)區(qū)域發(fā)展的影響以及為何要實(shí)施資源的跨區(qū)域調(diào)配。通過這樣的問題一方面為下節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)奠定基礎(chǔ),另一方面體現(xiàn)本課學(xué)習(xí)從“個(gè)”到“類”從特殊到一般的過程。
第二周國旗下講話稿:新學(xué)期新征程新的學(xué)期開始了,我們又踏上了前進(jìn)的征程,無論前途是多么艱難,只要我xx一中人滿懷激情與夢想,就一定會(huì)有更完美的收獲,相信在16年的聯(lián)考與高考上,我們還會(huì)更上層樓。站在國旗下,我的心久久不能平靜,我在思考,一中給老師同學(xué)們的是什么?是這浮滿塵土的操場,是那簡陋的宿舍,還是那冬天都下雨的辦公室?都不是,xx一中給大家的是永不服輸?shù)挠職?,不怕艱難困苦的決心,是敢于亮劍,勇于負(fù)責(zé)的霸氣,相信在困苦的磨練下的一中人,越來越強(qiáng),越來越棒!老師們,優(yōu)秀的教師一輩子都在備課,我校雖然在集智備課上快人一步,領(lǐng)先于其他學(xué)校,但也要認(rèn)識(shí)到不足之處,深入研究,在方法與積累上多下功夫,穩(wěn)穩(wěn)抓住課堂這一中心,創(chuàng)新拼搏?!疤斓莱昵凇薄翱嘈娜颂觳回?fù)”,相信有你們的辛苦奉獻(xiàn),xx一中明天會(huì)更好!新學(xué)期讓我由衷的代表學(xué)校說一句“親愛的老師,您辛苦了”。有一句話說得好,“做最好的自己,才能碰撞出最好的別人”希望我們每位老師無論是在家庭還是學(xué)校里,始終用最好的自己去感染你的親人和學(xué)生,樂觀向上,幸福健康。
教師運(yùn)用操作探索的方式來學(xué)習(xí)水有什么特點(diǎn),幼兒可以從自己動(dòng)手的過程中探索知識(shí),吸取知識(shí)。把水的性質(zhì)是透明、沒有顏色、沒有氣味、會(huì)流動(dòng)充分掌握起來。操作學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)用了四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)去激發(fā)幼兒探索興趣?! ?shí)驗(yàn)一、水是流動(dòng)的?! ?shí)驗(yàn)二、水是沒顏色的?! ?shí)驗(yàn)三、水是透明的?! ?shí)驗(yàn)四、水是沒有氣味的。 實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),幼兒是主體,教師主導(dǎo)。運(yùn)用了觀察法、引導(dǎo)法、親身體驗(yàn)法、互相交流等方式方法去完成這四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。例如:作實(shí)驗(yàn)一時(shí),教師提壺把水到入臉盆中,讓幼兒觀察水的流動(dòng);當(dāng)盆中盛滿水后繼續(xù)到水,盆中的水會(huì)是什么樣的?觀察后讓幼兒提出自己的見解,幼兒的主動(dòng)性得到發(fā)揮。例如:做實(shí)驗(yàn)四:讓幼兒親自聞一聞水和醋,判斷水是沒有氣味的。幼兒通過親身體驗(yàn)更能掌握知識(shí)。這四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程針對(duì)幼兒的年齡特點(diǎn)做的設(shè)計(jì)。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),幼兒對(duì)水產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣,在不自覺中完成了學(xué)習(xí)水的性質(zhì)。
我今天說課的內(nèi)容是選自幼兒園建構(gòu)式課程中班下冊科學(xué)教育活動(dòng)《我愛大樹和小花》?!缎戮V要》科學(xué)領(lǐng)域目標(biāo)中明確提出了:培養(yǎng)幼兒愛護(hù)動(dòng)植物,關(guān)心周圍環(huán)境,親近大自然,珍惜自然資源,有初步的環(huán)保意識(shí)。在我們生活的周圍有各種各樣的樹和花,對(duì)于孩子來說既熟悉又陌生,每每在戶外活動(dòng)時(shí)孩子總會(huì)不經(jīng)意地去看看、摸摸,有時(shí)還會(huì)說一句,如:這顆樹好大哦,這朵花好漂亮哦,有時(shí)候還會(huì)進(jìn)行追問,如:這顆叫什么樹,這叫什么花……然而隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步人類慢慢淡化了對(duì)身邊花草樹木的愛護(hù),甚至親手破壞身邊的環(huán)境,如:亂砍樹木,亂摘花朵……結(jié)合中班建構(gòu)式課程中的主題教學(xué)《大樹和小花》的內(nèi)容,我設(shè)計(jì)了符合中班幼兒年齡特點(diǎn)的教學(xué)活動(dòng)《我愛大樹和小花》,引導(dǎo)幼兒要保護(hù)身邊的花草樹木,清楚花草樹木與人類的關(guān)系以及對(duì)人類的作用。通過掛圖與教材的閱讀理解保護(hù)花草樹木的重要性,從而萌發(fā)幼兒愛護(hù)花草樹木的情感。