The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
在接下來的細讀環(huán)節(jié),我套用了高考對閱讀理解的考查方式設(shè)置了5個問題,分別為三個推理判斷題,一個細節(jié)題和一個主旨大意題。學(xué)生需要對文章的內(nèi)容進行分析、歸納、推理、猜測等高級思維活動才能做出正確的回答。【設(shè)計意圖】這一過程是對學(xué)生進行細讀的訓(xùn)練,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取特定信息和挖掘文章深層次信息的能力。第三環(huán)節(jié):Intensive-reading (精讀) 15′第三個環(huán)節(jié)精讀,既是最重要的環(huán)節(jié),也是突破本課重難點的關(guān)鍵。首先,讓學(xué)生思考劇本中人物看到百萬英鎊前后的態(tài)度發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。其次,讓學(xué)生仔細閱讀文章,找出可以表現(xiàn)人物態(tài)度變化的具體的語言和動作。最后,讓學(xué)生總結(jié)人物的態(tài)度發(fā)生變化的根本原因是什么,從而引出Money Talks, 供學(xué)生思考?!驹O(shè)計意圖】通過一系列的活動培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)從人物的語言和動作探究人物的心理,使學(xué)生進一步體會戲劇語言的魅力,從而對文章背后所反映的社會問題進行思考,也為下一步的討論環(huán)節(jié)做好鋪墊。
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
Good afternoon, everyone. It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you. The content of my lesson is Senior English for China Book5 Unit 3 Life in the Future. I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from six parts: Analysis of the teaching material, Analysis of the students, Teaching aims and important and difficult points, Teaching methods and aids, Teaching procedures, and Blackboard design. First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Analysis of the Teaching Material:This unit is about what human beings’ life will be like in about one thousand years. By studying of this unit, we’ll Enable the students to know the changes in humans’ life and some new inventions bringing about the change and develop the interest in science. This lesson plays an important part in the English teaching in this unit. This is an important lesson in Book Five. From this lesson, it starts asking the Ss to grasp contents of each passage. Therefore, this lesson is in the important position of the teaching material. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.Part 2 Analysis of the SsAs Senior2 Ss, they are at different levels of English fluency, some of them have lost interest in English. So during the lesson, I arrange a variety of activities to let all of them join in to attract their interest and let them be confident and taste the joy of success.
今天我們來介紹一下必修五第四單元的授課方式。這個單元的題目是Making the news。應(yīng)該是學(xué)生比較感興趣的話題,學(xué)生往往對新聞工作充滿好奇,所以我們可以利用這個機會多設(shè)計一些師生互動和學(xué)生互動,來激發(fā)起學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。同時我們可以利用這個單元不僅幫助學(xué)生掌握語言知識,培養(yǎng)語言能力,同時讓其了解新聞工作的重要性,培養(yǎng)起社會智能感。這個單元分為六個課時,它的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是這樣的:語言目標(biāo)是掌握詞匯表中的常用單詞和短語,掌握倒裝句的一些基本用法。 技能目標(biāo)是能初步掌握約會的基本句型并在真實的場景下正確運用。新聞報道類文章的寫作技能。采訪的基本規(guī)范和溝通技能。情感目標(biāo)是對新聞報道的客觀性和真實性有更好的理解。對新聞記者的職業(yè)有更深入的了解,并能體會其工作的重要性。下面我們來介紹一下第一課時的授課方式,第一課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是這樣的第一課時的教學(xué)目標(biāo)語言目標(biāo):單詞:Occupation, journalist, editor, photographer, curious, personality, enthusiasm
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis (教材分析)This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives (教學(xué)目標(biāo))By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective(語言技能目標(biāo)): develop reading ability (skimming and scanning)as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective(文化知識目標(biāo)): know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective(情感目標(biāo)): increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties(教學(xué)重點和難點)1. Teaching Focuses(教學(xué)重點): the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties(教學(xué)難點): develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板書設(shè)計)That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
通過寫文章梗概,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運用語言的能力,學(xué)習(xí)用恰當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z描述科學(xué)家的故事。這是本課的教學(xué)難點。教師可以使用完形填空的方式來幫助學(xué)生整理語篇,從而來降低難度。本課的教學(xué)重點的突破方法是:在閱讀前,讓學(xué)生初步了解得出科學(xué)觀點所需要的基本程序,從而輕松而自然地導(dǎo)入文章的閱讀;在閱讀過程中,由易到難設(shè)計快速閱讀和精讀的問題,層層推進各種閱讀活動,讓學(xué)生對閱讀內(nèi)容從整體感知到細節(jié)理解,最后深層讀懂整篇文章,同時加強閱讀策略的指導(dǎo),讓每個學(xué)生都主動參與課堂教學(xué)活動,最終達到提高閱讀能力的目的。Step 4 Post-readingGroup Activities四人小組共同合作,在老師的適當(dāng)指導(dǎo)下,就以下2個問題展開討論,讓學(xué)生就所知、所學(xué)、所感和所想融入話題,然后抽若干同學(xué)代表作小組發(fā)言。1. What do you think about John Snow, and what should we learn from him?2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today? Why?
Teaching Aims:Knowledge 1. Get the students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this section. Aims:2. Let the students learn about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different Ability reading skills. Aims:2. Enable students to learn to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack Emotional 1. Let students know more about the UK2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Aims:Teaching Important Points:1. Let the students learn about the countries of the United Kingdom and the Union Jack2. Get the students to read the passage and know about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.3. Have the students learn different reading skills.Teaching Difficult Ponts:1. Develop students’ reading ability.2. Enable students to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack.3. Let students learn how the UK was formed geographically and historically.Teaching Methods:Showing pictures, asking, exercising, listening, reading etc.Teaching Aids:A computer,a projector and a blackboard.Teaching Procedures: 1) Show a map of the world, ask students the following questions:Where is the UK?What’s the full name of the UK?2) Ask the students work in pairs to do the quiz on Page 9.Do you want to test how many things you know about the United Kingdom? Let’s have a small test.Using the map on P9, students answer the following questions:?How many countries does the UK consist of? What are they??England is divided into three main areas. Do you know what they are? 1) Scanning (10Minutes )Let the students hold the questions asked in pre-reading and read the passagequickly and then let them do the following exercise.Join lines to the right answer.
2、教學(xué)目的:根據(jù)《美術(shù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的精神和教材要求,結(jié)合四年級學(xué)生特點,本著激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣,發(fā)展學(xué)生的想象力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造能力和動手實踐能力,我確定本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)為:①知識與技能:了解繪畫日記的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,并能應(yīng)用到實際生活當(dāng)中。②過程與方法:通過聲音引發(fā)的“語、形、色”來描畫記憶,完成日記的內(nèi)容。③情感、態(tài)度、價值觀:激發(fā)學(xué)生的形象思維,使學(xué)生認識生活中的真、善、美,提高學(xué)生的整體素質(zhì)。
(一)自學(xué)質(zhì)疑看書 解決下面兩個問題:1.下列圖中的兩個臺階哪個更陡?你是怎么判斷的? 答:圖 的臺階更陡,理由 2.除了用臺階的傾斜角度大小外,還可以如何描述臺階的傾斜程度呢?
2、求還剩多少枝要用什么方法來計算?(請幾名學(xué)生說一說,再同桌互相說一說,在說的過程中掌握解決問題的方法)3、為什么用減法?你是怎么想的?(請幾名學(xué)生說一說)師:你能根據(jù)要求列出算式來嗎?(請學(xué)生在紙上列算式)(學(xué)生經(jīng)過10以內(nèi)的加減法的學(xué)習(xí)以及20以內(nèi)進位加法的學(xué)習(xí)和長時間的培養(yǎng),已經(jīng)具備了根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)問題列出式子的能力。因此學(xué)生根據(jù)問題,能很快的列出式子。)請學(xué)生回答。老師板書:15-9=(分析:1,“15,9”分別表示什么?)4、你是怎么來計算的(先讓學(xué)生進行自主的探究,尋找計算方法。探究性學(xué)習(xí)必須要有獨立思考的時間。由于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力存在差異,對15-9的理解也存在不同,只有讓學(xué)生經(jīng)過獨立思考,才能讓他們真正的掌握知識。)
發(fā)展應(yīng)用意識,運用所學(xué)知識解決兩位數(shù)加減兩位數(shù)(不進位,不退位)的計算方法。4、教學(xué)難點學(xué)生學(xué)會在理解圖意的基礎(chǔ)上,自己提出數(shù)學(xué)問題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生嘗試用自己的方法進行計算,體現(xiàn)算法多樣化的思想,進一步體會加減法的意義。二、說教學(xué)法學(xué)生已有整十?dāng)?shù)加減整十?dāng)?shù)、兩位數(shù)加減一位數(shù)(不進位、不退位)的知識作為基礎(chǔ),有一小部分學(xué)生在上學(xué)前已對豎式有簡單的了解。對于看圖編故事和從圖中提出問題,前面的學(xué)習(xí)中已有過練習(xí)。這些都是本節(jié)課學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的前提條件。在本節(jié)課中,力圖體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)方法的轉(zhuǎn)變:從被動接受學(xué)習(xí)變?yōu)樵谧灾?、探究、合作中學(xué)習(xí)。讓學(xué)生自己提出問題,再自己想辦法解決,并能以小組為單位共同合作完成;讓學(xué)生親自體驗知識的形成過程,促進學(xué)生思維的發(fā)展。三、說教學(xué)流程(一)創(chuàng)設(shè)情境。
一、說教材分析《采松果》一課講的主要內(nèi)容是:兩位數(shù)加、減一位數(shù)(不進位、不退位),是在學(xué)生熟練掌握20以內(nèi)加、減法以及整十?dāng)?shù)加、減整十?dāng)?shù)的基礎(chǔ)上安排的。教材內(nèi)容分為兩部分:一部分是教學(xué)兩位數(shù)加一位數(shù),另一部分是教學(xué)兩位數(shù)減一位數(shù)。這兩部分內(nèi)容呈現(xiàn)在同一情境圖——“采松果”中,創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個充滿童趣的生活故事場景,引發(fā)學(xué)生在讀懂圖意的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的數(shù)學(xué)信息,并能利用這些數(shù)學(xué)信息提出數(shù)學(xué)問題。二、說學(xué)情分析在學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)課內(nèi)容之前,學(xué)生已認識了100以內(nèi)的數(shù),掌握了20以內(nèi)的加減法以及整十?dāng)?shù)加、減整十?dāng)?shù)的計算方法,對于加減法的意義有了一個基本的了解。另外經(jīng)過上半學(xué)期的目標(biāo)性訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生已具有了初步的合作交流意識和提出問題、解決問題的能力,能夠有目的地進行探索性學(xué)習(xí)。但是,對于單純的口算學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣并不是很濃,因此,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,使學(xué)生想學(xué)、樂學(xué)便顯得尤為重要。
三、說教法學(xué)法:從學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題中的信息出發(fā),圍繞如何解決問題展開小組合作及討論探究,運用已學(xué)過的知識,共同尋找解決問題的方法。再在解決問題的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步通過練習(xí)和解決實際問題,對所學(xué)知識進行鞏固應(yīng)用。結(jié)合本班學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)特點,教法我采用情景引導(dǎo)、問題引導(dǎo)和活動評價。學(xué)法主要讓學(xué)生通過觀察思考,自主探究、合作交流,同時也應(yīng)用已有的知識進行引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)化學(xué)習(xí)。同時也嘗試四人小組的形式來探究問題和解決問題。四、說教學(xué)過程:首先我安排的是一(2)班的班干部們要開會了,出示完情景圖后,讓學(xué)生觀察并說說圖中的數(shù)學(xué)信息。如有11位同學(xué)要開會,現(xiàn)在只有7把椅子。(板書課題:開會啦)接著出示問題:“每人坐一把椅子,夠嗎?”讓學(xué)生通過小組討論后,請代表說一說自己的想法。學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)有11個人,才7把椅子,不夠坐。同時還可能出現(xiàn)一些學(xué)過的知識內(nèi)容,如數(shù)量大小的比較:11>7讓學(xué)生通過小組討論后,請代表說一說自己的想法。
二、說學(xué)情學(xué)生有了前面學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),課堂上盡可能放手讓學(xué)生自主探索出兩位數(shù)減兩位數(shù)(不退位)的計算方法。關(guān)注學(xué)生豎式的書寫。三、教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、學(xué)生在具體情境下,進一步體會加減法的意義。2、探索并掌握兩位數(shù)減兩位數(shù)(不退位)的計算方法3、初步學(xué)會應(yīng)用加減法解決生活中的簡單問題,感受加減法與日常生活的密切聯(lián)系教學(xué)重點:本節(jié)課的重點是理解筆算兩位數(shù)不退位減的算理,能正確用豎式計算。教學(xué)難點:理解兩位數(shù)減兩位數(shù)不退位減法的算理。三、精選教法。針對本節(jié)課抽象性較強,算理比較復(fù)雜,而一年級學(xué)生以形象思維為主,抽象思維相對較弱的特點,教學(xué)時應(yīng)采用多種方法來激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣,引導(dǎo)探究新知。教師主要采用:情境教學(xué)法、嘗試教學(xué)法、講授法、直觀演示法、練習(xí)法等,并使這些方法相互交融,融為一體。