文本分析《琵琶行》作為白居易最為出名的詩歌之一,內容詳實,情感動人,在詩歌中,白居易塑造了兩個形象極為鮮明的人物——琵琶女&作者本人。一個是江湖薄命人,一個是官場失意者。兩個本無交集的人因為京都琵琶聲相遇,互訴衷腸后,發(fā)出“同是天涯淪落人,相逢何必曾相識“的感慨
【教學目標】知識與技能目標:掌握對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像及性質;過程與方法目標:通過圖像特征的觀察,理解對數(shù)函數(shù)的性質,并從中體會從具體到一般及數(shù)形結合的方法;情感態(tài)度與價值觀目標:在教學活動中培養(yǎng)學生的學習興趣,感受數(shù)學知識的應用價值,體驗知識之間的內在邏輯之美?!窘虒W重點】對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像及性質?!窘虒W難點】對數(shù)函數(shù)性質與應用。
二、對數(shù)函數(shù)的概念1. 計算對數(shù)的值 N1248x 思路(引入對數(shù)的概念):讓學生依次計算、、、、、、,體會每一個真數(shù)都能找到唯一一個對數(shù)與之對應,這就形成了一個函數(shù),我們稱這個函數(shù)為對數(shù)函數(shù)。
[互動2]師:請大家從上面的解題經(jīng)歷中,總結一下如果已知函數(shù)的圖象,怎樣求函數(shù)的表達式?小組討論之后再發(fā)表意見。生:第一步根據(jù)圖象,確定這個函數(shù)是正比例函數(shù)或是一次函數(shù);第二步設函數(shù)表達式;第三步:根據(jù)表達式列等式,若是正比例函數(shù),只要找圖象上一個點的坐標就可以了;若是一次函數(shù),則需要找到圖象上兩個點的坐標,然后把點的坐標分別代入所設的解析式中,組成關于R、b的一個或兩個方程。第四步:求出R、b的值第五步:把R、b的值代回到表達式中就可以了。師:分析得太好了。那么,大家說一說,確定正比例函數(shù)的表達式需要幾個條件?確定一次函數(shù)的表達式呢?要說明理由。生:確定正比例函數(shù)需要一個條件,而確定一次函數(shù)需要兩個條件。原因是正比例函數(shù)的表達式:y=Rx(R≠0)中,只有一個系數(shù)R,而一次函數(shù)的表達式y(tǒng)=Rx+b(R≠0)中,有兩個系數(shù)(待定)R和b。
本環(huán)節(jié)運用了一個階梯式的問答方法,幫助突破本節(jié)課的難點。同時,從具體的實際問題入手,由特殊問題到一般規(guī)律的揭示,不僅解決了難點問題,而且從另外一個角度講也滲透給了學生的數(shù)形結合思想,還有利于學生主動探索意識的培養(yǎng)。4、自主評價本環(huán)節(jié)主要是應用本節(jié)課所學的知識以及所積累形成的學習經(jīng)驗和體驗解決問題的過程,即課堂鞏固訓練。在練習題的選擇上,由簡單到復雜。先是結合圖象獲取信息進行簡單的填空和選擇,此題屬于A組題型,檢驗學生的掌握情況;然后進行了一道B組題,關于“一次函數(shù)與一元一次方程的關系”知識點的靈活運用,進一步通過練習體會它們的關系。5、自主發(fā)展:最后一道則是特殊的區(qū)別于之前所學習的分段函數(shù)練習,發(fā)散學生思維問題的訓練。讓學生體會分段函數(shù)的特點,并掌握求分段函數(shù)解析式的方法。
系(部)醫(yī)藥授課教師戚文擷授課班級11(5),11(6)班授課類型新授課授課時數(shù)2課時授課周數(shù)第一周授課日期2012.2.15授課地點 教室課題第六章數(shù)列分課題§6.2 等差數(shù)列教學目標1. 理解等差數(shù)列的概念,掌握等差數(shù)列的通項公式;掌握等差中項的概念. 2. 逐步靈活應用等差數(shù)列的概念和通項公式解決問題. 3.等差數(shù)列的前N項之和 . 4.培養(yǎng)學生分析、比較、歸納的邏輯思維能力. . 2. 3.教學重點等差數(shù)列的概念及其通項公式. 教學難點等差數(shù)列通項公式的靈活運用. 教學方法情境教學法、自主探究式教學方法教學器材及設備黑板、粉筆復習提問提問內容姓名成績1.數(shù)列的定義? 答: 2. 數(shù)列的通項公式? 答: 板書設計 §6.2.1等差數(shù)列的概念 1. 1.等差數(shù)列的定義 公差:d 2.常數(shù)列 3.等差數(shù)列的通項公式 an=a1+(n-1)d. 等差數(shù)列的前n 項和公式: 例題 練習作業(yè)布置習題第1,2題.課后小結本節(jié)課主要采用自主探究式教學方法.充分利用現(xiàn)實情景,盡可能地增加教學過程的趣味性、實踐性.我再整個教學中強調學生的主動參與,讓學生自己去分析、探索,在探索過程中研究和領悟得出的結論,從而達到使學生既獲得知識又發(fā)展智能的目的.
課題序號6-3授課形式講授與練習課題名稱等比數(shù)列課時2教學 目標知識 目標理解并掌握等比數(shù)列的概念,掌握并能應用等比數(shù)列的通項公式及前n項和公式。能力 目標通過公式的推導和應用,使學生體會從特殊到一般,再從一般到特殊的思維規(guī)律,初步形成認識問題、分析問題、解決問題的一般思路和方法 。素質 目標通過對等比數(shù)列知識的學習,培養(yǎng)學生細心觀察、認真分析、正確總結的科學思維習慣和嚴謹?shù)膶W習態(tài)度。教學 重點等比數(shù)列的概念及通項公式、前n項和公式的推導過程及運用。教學 難點對等比數(shù)列的通項公式與求和公式變式運用。教學內容 調整無學生知識與 能力準備數(shù)列的概念課后拓展 練習 習題(P.21): 3,4.教學 反思 教研室 審核
創(chuàng)設情境,導入新課:你對母親知多少師問1:我們5月份剛過了一個重要的節(jié)日,你知道是什么嗎?----母親節(jié)。師問2:那你知道媽媽的生日嗎?(舉手示意),每個媽媽都知道自己孩子的生日,請不知道的同學回家了解一下,多關心一下自己的父母。師問3:那你知道媽媽最愛吃的菜嗎?你可以選擇知道、不知道或者是沒有愛吃的(拖動白板上相對應的表情符號)。請大家用不同的手勢表示出來。我找3名同學統(tǒng)計各組的數(shù)據(jù),寫在黑板上(隨機找3名學生數(shù)人數(shù))。下面我來隨機采訪一下:你媽媽最喜歡吃的菜是什么?(教師隨機采訪,結合營養(yǎng)搭配和感恩教育)
教法分析:在新課程的教學中教師要向學生提供從事數(shù)學活動的機會,倡導讓學生親身經(jīng)歷數(shù)學知識的形成與應用過程,鼓勵學生自主探索與合作交流,讓學生在實踐中體驗、學習。因此,本節(jié)課我采用了多媒體輔助教學與學生動手操作、觀察、討論的方式,一方面能夠直觀、生動地反映各種圖形的特征,增加課堂的容量,吸引學生注意力,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣;另一方面也有利于突出重點、突破難點,更好地提高課堂效率。學法分析:初二年級學習對新事物比較敏感,通過新課程教學的實施,學生已具有一定探索學習與合作交流的習慣。但是一下子要學生從直觀的圖形去概括出抽象圖形全等的概念這是比較困難的。因此,我指導學生:一要善于觀察發(fā)現(xiàn);二要勇于探索、動手實驗;三要把自己的所思所想大膽地進行交流,從而得出正確的結論,并掌握知識。
2、某村有耕地346.2公頃,人口數(shù)量n逐年發(fā)生變化,那么該村人均占有耕地面積m(公頃/人)是全村人口數(shù)n的函數(shù)嗎?是反比例函數(shù)嗎?為什么?3、y是x的反比例函數(shù),下表給出了x與y的一些值: (1)寫出這個反比例函數(shù)的表達式;(2)根據(jù)表達式完成上表。教師巡視個別輔導,學生完畢教師給予評估肯定。II鞏固練習:限時完成課本“隨堂練習”1-2題。教師并給予指導。七、總結、提高。(結合板書小結)今天通過生活中的例子,探索學習了反比例函數(shù)的概念,我們要掌握反比例函數(shù)是針對兩種變化量,并且這兩個變化的量可以寫成 (k為常數(shù),k≠0)同時要注意幾點::①常數(shù)k≠0;②自變量x不能為零(因為分母為0時,該式?jīng)]意義);③當 可寫為 時注意x的指數(shù)為—1。④由定義不難看出,k可以從兩個變量相對應 的任意一對對應值的積來求得,只要k確定了,這個函數(shù)就確定了。
授課 日期 班級16高造價 課題: §10.1 計數(shù)原理 教學目的要求: 1.掌握分類計數(shù)原理與分步計數(shù)原理的概念和區(qū)別; 2.能利用兩個原理分析和解決一些簡單的應用問題; 3.通過對一些應用問題的分析,培養(yǎng)自己的歸納概括和邏輯判斷能力. 教學重點、難點: 兩個原理的概念與區(qū)別 授課方法: 任務驅動法 小組合作學習法 教學參考及教具(含多媒體教學設備): 《單招教學大綱》、課件 授課執(zhí)行情況及分析: 板書設計或授課提綱 §10.1 計數(shù)原理 1、加法原理 2、乘法原理 3、兩個原理的區(qū)別
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
教 學 過 程教師 行為學生 行為教學 意圖時間 *揭示課題 10.4 用樣本估計總體 *創(chuàng)設情境 興趣導入 【知識回顧】 初中我們曾經(jīng)學習過頻數(shù)分布圖和頻數(shù)分布表,利用它們可以清楚地看到數(shù)據(jù)分布在各個組內的個數(shù). 【知識鞏固】 例1 某工廠從去年全年生產(chǎn)某種零件的日產(chǎn)記錄(件)中隨機抽取30份,得到以下數(shù)據(jù): 346 345 347 357 349 352 341 345 358 350 354 344 346 342 345 358 348 345 346 357 350 345 352 349 346 356 351 355 352 348 列出頻率分布表. 解 分析樣本的數(shù)據(jù).其最大值是358,最小值是341,它們的差是358-341=17.取組距為3,確定分點,將數(shù)據(jù)分為6組. 列出頻數(shù)分布表 【小提示】 設定分點數(shù)值時需要考慮分點值不要與樣本數(shù)據(jù)重合. 分 組頻 數(shù) 累 計頻 數(shù)340.5~343.5┬2343.5~346.5正 正10346.5~349.5正5349.5~352.5正  ̄6352.5~355.5┬2355.5~358.5正5合 計3030 介紹 質疑 引領 分析 講解 說明 了解 觀察 思考 解答 啟發(fā) 學生思考 0 10*動腦思考 探索新知 【新知識】 各組內數(shù)據(jù)的個數(shù),叫做該組的頻數(shù).每組的頻數(shù)與全體數(shù)據(jù)的個數(shù)之比叫做該組的頻率. 計算上面頻數(shù)分布表中各組的頻率,得到頻率分布表如表10-8所示. 表10-8 分 組頻 數(shù)頻 率340.5~343.520.067343.5~346.5100.333346.5~349.550.167349.5~352.560.2352.5~355.520.067355.5~358.550.166合 計301.000 根據(jù)頻率分布表,可以畫出頻率分布直方圖(如圖10-4). 圖10-4 頻率分布直方圖的橫軸表示數(shù)據(jù)分組情況,以組距為單位;縱軸表示頻率與組距之比.因此,某一組距的頻率數(shù)值上等于對應矩形的面積. 【想一想】 各小矩形的面積之和應該等于1.為什么呢? 【新知識】 圖10-4顯示,日產(chǎn)量為344~346件的天數(shù)最多,其頻率等于該矩形的面積,即 . 根據(jù)樣本的數(shù)據(jù),可以推測,去年的生產(chǎn)這種零件情況:去年約有的天數(shù)日產(chǎn)量為344~346件. 頻率分布直方圖可以直觀地反映樣本數(shù)據(jù)的分布情況.由此可以推斷和估計總體中某事件發(fā)生的概率.樣本選擇得恰當,這種估計是比較可信的. 如上所述,用樣本的頻率分布估計總體的步驟為: (1) 選擇恰當?shù)某闃臃椒ǖ玫綐颖緮?shù)據(jù); (2) 計算數(shù)據(jù)最大值和最小值、確定組距和組數(shù),確定分點并列出頻率分布表; (3) 繪制頻率分布直方圖; (4) 觀察頻率分布表與頻率分布直方圖,根據(jù)樣本的頻率分布,估計總體中某事件發(fā)生的概率. 【軟件鏈接】 利用與教材配套的軟件(也可以使用其他軟件),可以方便的繪制樣本數(shù)據(jù)的頻率分布直方圖,如圖10-5所示. 圖10?5 講解 說明 引領 分析 仔細 分析 關鍵 語句 觀察 理解 記憶 帶領 學生 分析 25
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時,以及by、before后面接過去的時間時,主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導的定語從句中,主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實相反,且主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示,我早就完成這項任務了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話,我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會,你就會見到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動詞ing形式復合結構由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構成。動詞ing形式的復合結構實際上是給動詞ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞ing形式的復合結構有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動詞ing②名詞所有格+動詞ing③代詞賓格+動詞ing④名詞+動詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒能按時來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。