本板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“談?wù)摴?jié)日活動(dòng)”(Talk about festival activities),主要是從貼近學(xué)生日常生活的角度來(lái)切入“節(jié)日”主題。學(xué)生會(huì)聽到發(fā)生在三個(gè)國(guó)家不同節(jié)日?qǐng)鼍跋碌暮?jiǎn)短對(duì)話,對(duì)話中的人們正在參與或?qū)⒁H歷不同的慶?;顒?dòng)。隨著全球化的進(jìn)程加速,國(guó)際交流日益頻繁,無(wú)論是國(guó)人走出國(guó)門還是外國(guó)友人訪問(wèn)中國(guó),都已成為司空見(jiàn)慣的事情。因此,該板塊所選取的三個(gè)典型節(jié)日?qǐng)鼍岸际菍儆诳缥幕浑H語(yǔ)境,不僅每組對(duì)話中的人物來(lái)自不同的文化背景,對(duì)話者的身份和關(guān)系也不盡相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)快速而準(zhǔn)確地找到主題句;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理清論說(shuō)文的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和文本邏輯,了解節(jié)日風(fēng)俗發(fā)展與變遷,感悟節(jié)日的內(nèi)涵與意義。
The joke set her crying.這個(gè)玩笑使她哭起來(lái)。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)的功能和意義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否正確使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動(dòng)作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)人物言行的對(duì)比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果來(lái)深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu);4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活案例發(fā)表自己的見(jiàn)解和看法,寫一篇觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明的故事評(píng)論。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)說(shuō)話人所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容、說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)等來(lái)判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見(jiàn)解,能否掌握聽力理訓(xùn)練中的聽力策略。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會(huì)多元文化對(duì)美國(guó)的影響。
該板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“介紹一個(gè)有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過(guò)介紹中國(guó)城繼續(xù)聚焦中國(guó)文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國(guó)城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國(guó)城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國(guó)城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國(guó)文化與美國(guó)多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國(guó)多元文化的重要組成部分。中國(guó)城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國(guó)文化的重要窗口,外國(guó)人在中國(guó)城能近距離體驗(yàn)中國(guó)文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
(形容詞短語(yǔ)most beautiful的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語(yǔ)在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能讓你真正高興的人。(形容詞短語(yǔ)really happy的構(gòu)成形式為:副詞+形容詞,該短語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))[即學(xué)即練]畫出下例句中的形容詞短語(yǔ)并指明構(gòu)成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.構(gòu)成形式: 副詞+形容詞(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副詞短語(yǔ)(Adverb Phrases)副詞短語(yǔ):指以一個(gè)副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),在句中的功能相當(dāng)于副詞,可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。常見(jiàn)副詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成形式有:(副詞)+副詞如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在這里工作。(副詞短語(yǔ)here yesterday修飾動(dòng)詞did)②Bill did the work very well.比爾做的這份工作很好。副詞短語(yǔ)very well修飾動(dòng)詞did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副詞短語(yǔ)all entirely, 修飾形容詞短語(yǔ)responsible for)
無(wú)論她說(shuō)什么都不會(huì)對(duì)我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車廂,結(jié)果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫作:1. _______________ (你要說(shuō)些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準(zhǔn)備), we have nothing to worry about.
Then have them write a short paragraph to describe and explain their changes. After that, get the Ss to exchange their drafts with their partners and use the checklist to give feedback on their drafts, and finally revise it.Step 5 Summary of how to write a wellness book1.健康書的審題步驟:第一步:明確要求該寫作屬于經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享,故要用第一人稱來(lái)寫;時(shí)態(tài)以一股現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。第二步:確定段落該類文章可以從以下三個(gè)方面人手:Para.1首先表明寫作的目的Para.2自己的做法及心得體會(huì)Para.3表示期望及感謝第三步:提煉要點(diǎn)2.健康書常見(jiàn)句式:1) It is an honor for me to share my favorite sport with you,2) It makes me feel relaxed playing with my friends.3) It makes me rid myself of stress while playing with my friends.4) Moreover, it provides me a valuable chance to communicate with others.5) I we eat too little or too much, or if we choose the wrong food, we may become sick.6) We can do something to change the poor situation.Step 6Homework假如你的老師讓你在班級(jí)Wellness Bok上分享自己的親身經(jīng)歷及心得,請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇80字左右的文章1. 你喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是什么?2. 你最喜歡的原因是什么?3. 你參加鍛煉的體會(huì)。
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:(需借助to的)bring, ask, hand, offer, give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等;基本句型 五S +V + O + OC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))特點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ),才能使意思完整。 判斷原則:能表達(dá)成—賓語(yǔ) 是…/做…注:此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系,若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),則句意不夠完整??梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有:名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式,分詞等。如:He considers himself an expert on the subject.他認(rèn)為自己是這門學(xué)科的專家。We must keep our classroom clean.我們必須保持教室清潔。I had my bike stolen.我的自行車被偷了。We invited him to come to our school.我們邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)我們學(xué)校。I beg you to keep secret what we talked here.我求你對(duì)這里所談的話保密。用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如:We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.
教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生更好理解如何恰當(dāng)?shù)貙懸粋€(gè)人的信息介紹,并能讓學(xué)生熟練地使用一些寫作技能。能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能力。情感目標(biāo):提升學(xué)生對(duì)寫作的興趣。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 教學(xué)重點(diǎn):如何能讓學(xué)生更好地理解個(gè)人信息介紹。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):如何能讓學(xué)生通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍懽骷寄軄?lái)寫一篇較好的個(gè)人信息介紹。教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 多媒體、黑板、粉筆一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
一、明確目標(biāo)1.注意小傳的寫作特色,如小傳的“小”以及是怎樣小中見(jiàn)大的。2.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行綜合把握和比較閱讀以更好地理解課文內(nèi)容,看看在寫法上各自有什么不同。3.一詞多義的準(zhǔn)確知識(shí)運(yùn)用二、整體感知1.解題李商隱的《李賀小傳》有別于一般傳記文的客觀直敘,是一篇性情之文;同時(shí)也和作者的詩(shī)歌風(fēng)格相異,寫得樸實(shí)自然而又不乏意趣。2.本文所體現(xiàn)的“小傳”的特點(diǎn)本文最大的特點(diǎn)在于:小傳雖小,但小中有大、以小見(jiàn)大。其“小”在于:作者并沒(méi)有全面勾勒詩(shī)人李賀的一生,對(duì)他的生平經(jīng)歷也記敘不多,而是選取了他生活中的若干小片段進(jìn)行插敘,以小片段撐起傳記的主干。此外,在篇幅上,全文寥寥數(shù)百字,語(yǔ)言極為精練。而其“大”又體現(xiàn)在:極小極短的篇幅卻具有很大的容量,集敘事、議論和曲折的抒情于一體。內(nèi)容渾厚,意味深長(zhǎng)。
(2)個(gè)性化的對(duì)話描寫。在三個(gè)事件的描述中,大段對(duì)話占了很大篇幅,有的情節(jié)干脆由對(duì)話來(lái)表達(dá),許多對(duì)話形象地表現(xiàn)了人物的思想和性格,使我們?nèi)缏勂渎?,如?jiàn)其人。先說(shuō)藺相如,他在秦廷上的慷慨陳詞,有時(shí)語(yǔ)氣平和,謙恭有禮,使對(duì)方放松警惕;有時(shí)直言斥責(zé),有理有據(jù),雄辯折人;有時(shí)堅(jiān)決表態(tài),分析利害,暗示對(duì)方;有時(shí)怒不可遏,咄咄逼人??傊?,詞鋒犀利,剛?cè)峒媸州p重恰當(dāng),充分表現(xiàn)了他是一個(gè)熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)、不畏強(qiáng)暴、有智有勇,長(zhǎng)于辭令的外交家。再說(shuō)廉頗,在將相交歡事件中,他先前說(shuō)的這一番話,表現(xiàn)了他的自高自大和心胸狹窄,非常符合武將廉頗的性格特點(diǎn),后來(lái)寫他知過(guò)改過(guò),負(fù)荊請(qǐng)罪時(shí)說(shuō):“鄙賤之人,不知將軍寬之至此也!”語(yǔ)言不多,坦誠(chéng)直率,可敬可愛(ài)。(解說(shuō):對(duì)話描寫的分析,宜以學(xué)生為主,教師必要時(shí)適當(dāng)點(diǎn)撥。)
采用明段意分段法:先逐段概括段意,然后用合并同類項(xiàng)法把相關(guān)聯(lián)緊縮密的自然段合在一起。全文五個(gè)自然段中,二、三、四自然段講的都是張衡取得的科學(xué)成就,自然應(yīng)合為一大段。這樣,就理清了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。全文可分為三個(gè)部分:(1)寫張衡的品格和文才①(2)寫張衡在科學(xué)技術(shù)上取得的成就(②③④)(3)寫張衡的政治才干(⑤)第二部分是文章的重點(diǎn),又可分為兩層:一是仕途情況,以及制作渾天儀和著《靈憲》、《算圖論》的情況;一是專門介紹候風(fēng)地支儀。顯然,后者又是第二部分的重點(diǎn)。作者這樣處理文章的詳略安排。無(wú)疑是非常正確的,因?yàn)閺埡庖簧卸喾矫娴牟拍芎统删停诳萍挤矫娴牟拍芎蛣?chuàng)造發(fā)明最為突出,理應(yīng)成為本文記敘的重點(diǎn)。四、小結(jié)1.了解全文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu),掌握明段意分段法。2.了解文章的詳略安排。五、作業(yè)
三.分析第三部分:1.夫妻贈(zèng)詩(shī)表現(xiàn)了二人怎樣的心情?提示:崔鶯鶯告誡張生切勿忘記她;張生則發(fā)誓永無(wú)別戀。這充分展示了二人深厚的情誼。2.怎樣理解[耍孩兒]中的典故?提示:“紅淚”借王嘉《拾遺記》的典故,司馬青衫借白居易《琵琶行》的典故,表現(xiàn)主人公因離別而生的傷心之情?!安畡陲w去燕西歸”則用牛郎織女的典故表現(xiàn)兩人纏綿難舍的心情。3.[五煞]表明了主人公怎樣的心情?提示:對(duì)張生的生活的關(guān)心,千叮萬(wàn)囑,真情自現(xiàn)。4.[二煞]中所用是幾個(gè)典故?這些典故的作用是什么?提示:三個(gè)典故,見(jiàn)課本。其作用是表明崔鶯鶯對(duì)張生的擔(dān)心。四.分析第四部分:1.[一煞]中再寫環(huán)境,其作用是否與先前所寫相同?提示:稍有不同,這里是表現(xiàn)崔鶯鶯目送張生遠(yuǎn)去時(shí)那種凄愴悲苦的眷戀之情。以所見(jiàn)之物,寫內(nèi)心深藏之情。2.[收尾]中寫‘殘照’其含義是什么?提示:以“殘照”表現(xiàn)內(nèi)心的悵惘失意之情。