"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!歡迎你!請(qǐng)做一下自我介紹。認(rèn)識(shí)一下你的新同學(xué)。”通常在課上老師會(huì)這樣說(shuō)。你會(huì)說(shuō)什么呢?“噢,不!”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思,并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢?閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對(duì)話?!巴蹰且粋€(gè)很棒的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,不是嗎?”“我希望自己能認(rèn)識(shí)她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是嗎?”反意疑問(wèn)句是一種禮貌用語(yǔ)。為了使得談話成功,你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進(jìn)行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑掝}。認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)單元吧,下次在英語(yǔ)課上,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開(kāi)談話是一件很容易的事情,不信我們來(lái)試試。)
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
(一).知識(shí)方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能運(yùn)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)描述、談?wù)撨^(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作的意識(shí)和能力,能就過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情經(jīng)過(guò)的能力。能正確運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)是Talk about past events and tell a story(談?wù)撨^(guò)去的時(shí)間和講述一個(gè)故事),圍繞這一目標(biāo),要涉及句型: What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學(xué)習(xí)standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點(diǎn)的詞,以便為上述句型提供語(yǔ)言材料。2.學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)知識(shí)。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,是該時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)式。 3.在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它們的不同。
教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)描述寵物的詞匯,采用教師提問(wèn)學(xué)生回答的方進(jìn)行。如:T:What animals do you think would be good pets?What animals do you think would be bad pets?What do you think are good animals for a six-year-old child?然后學(xué)生進(jìn)行 pairwork 練習(xí)。Task two: 師生互動(dòng),學(xué)習(xí)探究 1、播放3a部分的錄音,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生一邊聽(tīng)錄音,一邊跟讀。2、通過(guò)聽(tīng)錄音學(xué)生回答以下問(wèn)題:Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular?What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?教師對(duì)學(xué)生的回答進(jìn)行及時(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)。3.學(xué)習(xí)范文,學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ),為下步的模仿寫(xiě)作提供語(yǔ)言素材。T :1. )Have you ever kept a pig as a pet?Do you like pigs? St.:No.…Why don’t you like to keep a pig? St: No.They’re too dirty and lazy(Do you know in some foreign countries like Hollyland, Australia,pigs are the most popular pet.there’s a kind of pig.(圖)it has an interesting name? it ‘s called a pot-bellied pig.) Now,let’s learn an article about this kind of interesting pet.2.)play the tapeSt.:Listen and repeat3.)show some Qs on computer(本子St.: read silently,then answerthe Qs(本子)4.)Ask ss. Close book and retell this passage.(what is a pot-bellied pig? Is it a good or bad pet? ) St.: retell it to each other“A pot –bellied pig is a popular pet now…”5.read the article together.St.:.practice reading
Step 4. Group work (4)1. Ask a pair of students to read the dialogue. Say, This activity provides speaking, listening and writing practice using the target language.2. Ask students to complete the work in groups.3. Check the answers with the whole class. 4. Explain some of the language points. Step 5. Word review (Self check 1)1. Ask students to read the words and the phrases given. 2. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of these words to complete the sentences. 3. Check the answers with the whole class. Homework:Do activity 2 on page 57 after class. Period 6Teaching aims: 1. Teach vocabulary words and the useful expressions. 2. Enable the students to learn etiquette in different culture. 3. Help the students learn how to behave politely in public places and in daily life. Teaching procedures:Step 1. RevisionHelp students to review the function of making requests through a free talk. Then lead them to the topic of etiquette. Explain the meaning of etiquette. Or, ask students to look it up in the dictionary. Step 2. Pre-reading (Section 1)1. Ask students to read the picture and make a list with their partner about how many rules of etiquette can be seen being broken.
內(nèi)容提示1.本單元主要內(nèi)容是學(xué)會(huì)used to結(jié)構(gòu)。Used to +動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常、以前常常,只用于過(guò)去式中,用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣或狀態(tài)。例如:They used to play football together.他們過(guò)去常在一起蹋足球。(現(xiàn)在不在一起踢了)2.used to的疑問(wèn)形式和否定形式為Did you use to…?和I didn’t use to… 也可以用Used you to…?和I used not to…但現(xiàn)在多使用前者。例如:Did you used to swim in the river? 你過(guò)去常在河里游泳嗎?I didn’t use to play the piano. 我以前并不經(jīng)常彈鋼琴。教學(xué)目標(biāo)一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)(Language Goal) 1.學(xué)會(huì)陳述自己過(guò)去常做的事情。2.學(xué)會(huì)陳述自己過(guò)去的愛(ài)好等。3.能夠表達(dá)自己現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去在外表、性格、娛樂(lè)等方面的變化。4.能夠表達(dá)朋友、家人等現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去的變化。二、語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)(Language Structures) 1.I used to be short when I was young. 我年輕時(shí)個(gè)子很矮。 2. —Did you use to have straight hair? 你過(guò)去是直發(fā)嗎?—Yes, I did. 是的。 3. —Did you use to play the piano? 你過(guò)去彈鋼琴嗎?—No, I didn’t. 不,我不彈。 4.I used to be afraid of dark. 我過(guò)去害怕黑暗。 5.I’m terrified of the snakes. 我害怕蛇。
內(nèi)容提示本單元主要內(nèi)容是學(xué)會(huì)利用verb十by/with gerund表示方式方法來(lái)討論學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的策略,認(rèn)識(shí)自己在學(xué)習(xí)方面的長(zhǎng)處和不足。初步了解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,主要表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響或造成的后果,常與already,yet,just,ever,never等副詞連用。教學(xué)目標(biāo)一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 學(xué)會(huì)討論各種學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 二、語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) 表示“通過(guò)…途徑,方法” 2. How questions have引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句 三、目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎樣準(zhǔn)備考試的?Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦,我和同學(xué)們一起學(xué)習(xí)。2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾經(jīng)參加過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)小組嗎?Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,參加過(guò)。通過(guò)這種方式我學(xué)了許多。
一、Section A該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊圍繞Whose volleyball is this? 這一話題展開(kāi)思維( 1a)、聽(tīng)力(1b)、口語(yǔ)( 1c)訓(xùn)練;第二模塊圍繞上一模塊中的話題進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力( 2a-2b)、口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練( 2c);第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞前兩個(gè)模塊中的“making inferences”展開(kāi)訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練形式為閱讀排序( 3a)和兩人問(wèn)答(3b);第四模塊仍就上一話題展開(kāi)討論。二、Section B該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊要求根據(jù)圖畫(huà)和所提供的單詞寫(xiě)出合理的句子;第二模塊在聽(tīng)力( 2a-2b)和分角色口語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練( 2c)的基礎(chǔ)上,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行“推測(cè)”訓(xùn)練; 第三模塊圍繞“Strange events in Bell Tower neighborhood”這一話題展開(kāi)閱讀( 3a)和寫(xiě)作(3b -3c)訓(xùn)練;第四模塊以dream為話題展開(kāi)小組活動(dòng)。三、Self Check該部分有3個(gè)模塊。第一模塊以填空形式對(duì)所學(xué)詞匯進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練;第二模塊就8個(gè)諺語(yǔ)展開(kāi)閱讀和討論。
Step Ⅰ RevisionCheck homework. Ask a few students to read the article in 3a.Then ask a few students to read their guides.Step Ⅱ Part 1Look at the words in the box. Ask a student to read them. Make sure the students understand the meaning of the words. You are to fill in the blanks with the words. In some cases, students may need to use another form of the word, for example adjusting for tense or subject/ verb agreement.Ask students to fill in the blanks on their own.Check the answers. Step ⅢPart 2Go through the instructions with the class.Look at the example with the students.Ask students what the answer would be.Ask a student to read the question and answer it.Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is, please?The bank is across the street from the shopping malt.Get students to complete the work in pairs.Check the answers. Ask a few students to read their questions.Step Ⅳ Just for Fun!Ask all the students to read the conversation. Ask: What is funny about this cartoon? Help students to explain. A Martian is a person from the planet Mars.There is no such thing as Martian food on Earth, and the clerk looks silly because he is trying to think of where there is a Martian restaurant.Invite some pairs of students to present this conversation to the rest of the class.Step Ⅴ Summary and HomeworkIn this class, we’ve done much writing practice using the key vocabulary words and the target language presented in this unit. After class, please finish the questions in 2 in your exercise books. Then finish the exercises on pages 47~48 of the workbook as well.The Seventh Period Ⅰ Teaching Aims and Demands1. Knowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularyimage, adventure, jealousy, hero, crime, journey, brave, no longer, show interest in, take it easy, become interested in, plain looks(2)Text:Grown-ups like cartoons, too.2. Ability Objects(1) Fast-reading to get a general idea of the text.(2) Careful-reading to get the detailed information in the text.
本單元主要圍繞著有關(guān)瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物這一話題,學(xué)習(xí)了應(yīng)該怎樣保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境,以及就某一問(wèn)題展開(kāi)辯論。目標(biāo)提示語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),就某一問(wèn)題展開(kāi)辯論。認(rèn)知目標(biāo)1、復(fù)習(xí)一些語(yǔ)法:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、用used to 表示一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2、學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)同意和不同意。3、學(xué)會(huì)以下基本句型:We’re trying to save the manatees.Manatees eat about 100 pounds of food a day.There used to be a lot of manatees.In 1972,it was discovered that they were endangered.Some of the swamps have become polluted.情感目標(biāo)了解一些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物的生活習(xí)性和瀕臨滅絕的原因,教育學(xué)生應(yīng)該如何保護(hù)環(huán)境。教學(xué)提示充分利用多媒體等教學(xué)設(shè)備,創(chuàng)設(shè)與本課話題相關(guān)的情境,如各種不同種類(lèi)的動(dòng)物、動(dòng)物園以及有關(guān)環(huán)境的畫(huà)畫(huà)等等。圍繞著本單元的教學(xué)目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)一些貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際的教學(xué)任務(wù),如讓學(xué)生談?wù)撟约鹤钕矚g的動(dòng)物,如何拯救瀕危動(dòng)物,如何保護(hù)環(huán)境等等。讓學(xué)生根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí),就動(dòng)物園是否對(duì)動(dòng)物有利以及其他的話題進(jìn)行辯論。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1. 掌握本單元一些重點(diǎn)詞匯的寫(xiě)法和用法。2. 學(xué)會(huì)自如談?wù)摬妥蓝Y儀。Step 1 RevisionAsk some students to retell the customs at the table in France in the passage in 3a.Step 2 Self checkPart 1. Fill in each bland with the correct word given. Students do the exercises by themselves at first. Then check the answers. Ask the students to comprehend the sentences and help them point out uses of some words, like “arrive (at / in) sw., spend time / money on sth , spend time / money (in) doing sth.”P(pán)art 2. Read about Fan Ling’s experience in a western restaurant. Understand the passage. Point out some key points in the passage.1. be / get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事2. begin with = start with 以….開(kāi)頭3. crowd v. 擠滿,塞滿 the crowd 人群 crowded adj. 擁擠的Then students discuss about how she would solve her problem. Ask some to share their stories with others.Part 3. Complete the crossword by looking at the sentences on the left. Then check the answers.
這三大措施是美國(guó)在冷戰(zhàn)初期的核心內(nèi)容,是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)的霸權(quán)政策而提出。它們體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)充分利用了意識(shí)形態(tài)差異的來(lái)其實(shí)現(xiàn)其全球霸權(quán)的意圖。把握住這些核心內(nèi)容將有助于掌握二戰(zhàn)后的國(guó)際形勢(shì)的發(fā)展。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):兩極格局對(duì)二戰(zhàn)后國(guó)際關(guān)系發(fā)展的影響二戰(zhàn)改變國(guó)際的主要政治力量,隨著國(guó)家利益和意識(shí)形態(tài)沖突,美蘇兩大國(guó)由合作走向分裂,逐步形成了戰(zhàn)后的兩極格局。在此政治格局之下,避免了新的世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),世界相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,但兩強(qiáng)相爭(zhēng),又使得世界長(zhǎng)期不得安寧。美蘇之間的關(guān)系影響到了其他各種關(guān)系的發(fā)展,認(rèn)清此格局的影響對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)時(shí)和今天的國(guó)際關(guān)系具有重大的意義。三、教學(xué)內(nèi)容安排(1學(xué)時(shí))第一目“從盟友到對(duì)手”教學(xué)要點(diǎn):雅爾塔體系的確立;戰(zhàn)后初期的形勢(shì);杜魯門(mén)主義的提出。第二目“美蘇‘冷戰(zhàn)’”教學(xué)要點(diǎn):馬歇爾計(jì)劃與經(jīng)濟(jì)互助委員會(huì);北約與華約兩大軍事政治集團(tuán)的對(duì)峙。第三目“‘冷戰(zhàn)’陰影下的國(guó)際關(guān)系”
1、知識(shí)與能力:知道諸子百家,認(rèn)識(shí)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”局面形成的重要意義;了解孔子、孟子和荀子的主要觀點(diǎn),理解儒家思想的形成。2、過(guò)程與方法:適度引入古代中國(guó)政治發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)文化方面的材料 ,啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考百家爭(zhēng)鳴局面形成的重要意義。以列表的方法,從時(shí)代、主要觀點(diǎn)、影響等方面,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納孔子、孟子和荀子的主要內(nèi)容。以百家爭(zhēng)鳴為主題,組織學(xué)生談一談繼承中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化思想的認(rèn)識(shí)和感受。組織一次“我讀《論語(yǔ)》的讀書(shū)活動(dòng)”。3、情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:感受中國(guó)古代思想的博大精深:通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)早期儒家的民本思想,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的人文關(guān)懷精神;了解儒家文化是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的最主要部分,認(rèn)識(shí)其在世界文化史上的地位和對(duì)后世的影響;聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實(shí),使學(xué)生正確對(duì)待儒家傳統(tǒng)文化,發(fā)揮其在當(dāng)代的積極意義。
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)與能力:了解或掌握英國(guó)工業(yè)革命的條件和重要發(fā)明及進(jìn)程,掌握工業(yè)革命的影響。分析工業(yè)革命首先發(fā)生在英國(guó)的條件和工業(yè)革命的影響,領(lǐng)會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系,經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和上層建筑之間的辯證關(guān)系;分析工業(yè)革命對(duì)世界市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的影響,提高材料解析能力;分析世界市場(chǎng)基本形成的影響,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義分析歷史事件的能力。過(guò)程與方法:?jiǎn)l(fā)式談話法,問(wèn)題探究法:層層設(shè)疑,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,由淺入深地理解知識(shí)。聯(lián)系比較法:構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系,突出事物特點(diǎn)。情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:懂得科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力,使學(xué)生尊重科學(xué),熱愛(ài)科學(xué);正確認(rèn)識(shí)工業(yè)文明的成就與代價(jià),幫助學(xué)生形成正確價(jià)值觀;聯(lián)系中國(guó)歷史深刻理解科技興國(guó),深化改革的必要性。二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):英國(guó)工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生的原因、工業(yè)革命的主要成就和影響。難點(diǎn):工業(yè)革命對(duì)資本主義世界市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的影響。課時(shí)安排:1課時(shí)教具準(zhǔn)備: 多媒體課件以及相應(yīng)教學(xué)資料。
5、弊端:(1)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不均衡,片面發(fā)展重工業(yè),使輕工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)長(zhǎng)期處于落后狀態(tài);(2)對(duì)農(nóng)民的剝奪太重,挫傷了農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性;(3)長(zhǎng)期執(zhí)行指令性計(jì)劃嚴(yán)重削弱了企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)自主權(quán),不利于發(fā)揮企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)積極性,制約了蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。(4)計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制確立后,沒(méi)有隨著社會(huì)的變化進(jìn)行調(diào)整,二戰(zhàn)后逐漸僵化,喪失了自我完善的功能,成為蘇聯(lián)解體的重要因素?!竞献魈骄俊克勾罅帜J降脑u(píng)價(jià)及經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn):積極:①使蘇聯(lián)迅速實(shí)現(xiàn)了 工業(yè)化②蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的迅速增長(zhǎng),為反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利奠定了 物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ) 。消極:①政治:高度集權(quán),破壞了 民主與法制 ; ②經(jīng)濟(jì):優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè)使 農(nóng)業(yè)和輕工業(yè)長(zhǎng)期處于落后狀態(tài),農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)積極性不高;計(jì)劃指令,壓制了地方和企業(yè)的積極性,阻礙蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,成為東歐劇變和蘇聯(lián)解體的重要原因。
⑤強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)外關(guān)系的靈活性。戈?duì)柊蛦谭蛑赋鲈趯?duì)外政策中要采取多種辦法選擇不同的策略路線達(dá)到既定目標(biāo)。在外交談判中不要為自己制造死胡同,也不要給對(duì)方制造死胡同,要善于迎合伙伴,尋求接觸點(diǎn)。在這種思想指導(dǎo)下,蘇共采取的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略是以軍控為中心的緩和戰(zhàn)略,具體政策是繼續(xù)與美國(guó)就裁軍、消減核武器、限制地區(qū)沖突等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行談判,緩解蘇美關(guān)系;對(duì)西歐爭(zhēng)取建立“全歐大廈”;對(duì)東歐實(shí)行糾偏、不干涉政策;對(duì)中國(guó)改善關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正常化;調(diào)整與第三世界國(guó)家關(guān)系,解決阿富汗、柬埔寨等問(wèn)題。 3、影響:①經(jīng)濟(jì)改革措施倉(cāng)促上馬,缺少宏觀決策和相應(yīng)的配套措施;加上戈?duì)柊蛦谭驔](méi)有放棄蘇聯(lián)的傳統(tǒng)做法,繼續(xù)優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè),致使改革未達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果,蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)下滑②經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革受挫后,把改革的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向政治領(lǐng)域,最終導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)局勢(shì)的失控和蘇聯(lián)的解體。
★教后記:歷史教學(xué)的最高目標(biāo)不是單純的記憶和培養(yǎng)能力,而是樹(shù)立正確的歷史觀,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的歷史責(zé)任感。從這一點(diǎn)講,新課標(biāo)及新課標(biāo)教材給老師極大的發(fā)揮空間,擺脫了以往的“教教材”,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了 “用教材教”,只有這樣,教師才不只是一個(gè)“備課”的“教書(shū)匠”,而是一名設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)“設(shè)計(jì)師”,以教材為磚瓦,建造有自己獨(dú)特風(fēng)格的教育大廈。這是我設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。開(kāi)放式的課堂需要思想開(kāi)放的教師,但對(duì)教師的課堂駕馭能力要求更高,否則“一放就活,一活就亂”,只求課堂熱鬧,熱鬧過(guò)后,學(xué)生一無(wú)所獲,那么這樣的開(kāi)放課堂依然是失敗的。開(kāi)放式的課堂并不是任由學(xué)生說(shuō),教師必要的引導(dǎo)與客觀的評(píng)價(jià)尤為重要?!飭?wèn)題解答⊙【學(xué)思之窗】請(qǐng)談?wù)?,火?chē)機(jī)車(chē)的不斷改進(jìn),給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、百姓生活帶來(lái)怎樣的影響?答案提示:運(yùn)輸量大,有利于各地區(qū)的物資交流和勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng),促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展;交通便利快捷;機(jī)車(chē)內(nèi)部環(huán)境舒適,給百姓出行帶來(lái)方便。
在美國(guó)歷史上,很少有像胡佛那樣受到老百姓諷刺、憎惡的總統(tǒng)。用破鐵罐、紙板和粗麻布搭起來(lái)的棚戶叫做“胡佛村”,手里提著的裝破爛的口袋叫做“胡佛袋”,鄉(xiāng)下的貧民把破汽車(chē)前部鋸掉,套上骨瘦如柴的騾子,叫做“胡佛車(chē)” ,在公園長(zhǎng)凳上躺著過(guò)夜的人用舊報(bào)紙裹身取暖,叫做“胡佛毯”,衣袋翻過(guò)來(lái),一個(gè)錢(qián)也找不到,叫做“胡佛旗”,野兔被饑餓的農(nóng)民抓來(lái)吃,叫做“胡佛豬”。雜耍演員插科打諢說(shuō):“什么?生意好起來(lái)了嗎,你的意思是說(shuō)胡佛死了吧。”★教學(xué)反思:本課內(nèi)容比較條理清楚,旨在說(shuō)明羅斯福新政實(shí)施的背景。備課時(shí)考慮將課文順序進(jìn)行一下調(diào)整,使學(xué)生能從較直觀的危機(jī)的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)入本課,較易激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣,再來(lái)分析原因?qū)W生也就比較容易接受。在分析原因時(shí)通過(guò)材料和課文的閱讀,使學(xué)生自己通過(guò)思考逐步得出結(jié)論。而關(guān)于胡佛政府的措施的講述,及問(wèn)題的提出則可讓學(xué)生先進(jìn)行預(yù)習(xí),為下一課進(jìn)入羅斯福新政的學(xué)習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。多媒體課件的應(yīng)用也能使教學(xué)活動(dòng)順利流暢的進(jìn)行。
1、知識(shí)與能力:(1)了解歐洲聯(lián)盟的形成過(guò)程,剖析歐洲國(guó)家的一體化由經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體向政治實(shí)體轉(zhuǎn)變的原因和實(shí)質(zhì);(2)了解北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的形成過(guò)程,由北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的形成原因分析世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化與經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化之間的關(guān)系和影響。(3)了解亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織的形成過(guò)程,明確其特點(diǎn)及出現(xiàn)此特點(diǎn)的原因。掌握中國(guó)在加入該組織后所發(fā)揮的作用,并由此引申出中國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化過(guò)程中所發(fā)揮的作用。2、過(guò)程與方法:(1)通過(guò)學(xué)生對(duì)三大經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)形成過(guò)程和特點(diǎn)的比較,鍛煉學(xué)生把具體的歷史現(xiàn)象與整體的社會(huì)背景聯(lián)系的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生建立起全面的歷史觀。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化趨勢(shì)的出現(xiàn)和它與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化之間關(guān)系的分析,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生辨證的看問(wèn)題,透過(guò)現(xiàn)象分析本質(zhì)的能力。
②其他貨幣與美元掛鉤:即各會(huì)員國(guó)貨幣對(duì)美元的匯率按各自貨幣的含金量與美元確定固定比價(jià)。各國(guó)貨幣與美元的匯率可按各國(guó)貨幣含金量與美元含金量之比來(lái)確定,這稱為法定匯率。例如,1946年一英鎊的含金量為3.58134克,一美元的含金量為0.888671克,則英鎊和美元的含金量之比1英鎊=4.03美元就是法定匯率。這一規(guī)定,使美元等同于黃金,美元從此有了“美金”的說(shuō)法;與美元比起來(lái),其他國(guó)家的貨幣處于從屬地位,確立了美元在國(guó)際貨幣體系中的中心地位、主導(dǎo)地位正如當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)福勒所說(shuō):“各個(gè)行星圍繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn),各國(guó)貨幣圍繞著美元轉(zhuǎn)?!毙〗Y(jié): “布雷頓森林體系”是一個(gè)以美元為中心的世界貨幣體系,美國(guó)通過(guò)布雷頓森林體系,掌握了資本主義世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈。(2)影響:①為世界貨幣關(guān)系提供了統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和基礎(chǔ),有利于維持戰(zhàn)后世界貨幣體系的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件。