(2)根據(jù)材料二與所學知識,從經(jīng)濟、政治、思想文化三個方面,分析歐洲近代科技迅速發(fā)展的原因。答:資本主義工商業(yè)的成長刺激了對技術(shù)的需求,為近代科技的發(fā)展提供了工具和手段;資產(chǎn)階級革命為資本主義發(fā)展、科技進步開辟了道路;人文主義和理性精神解放了思想,推動近代科技迅速發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分)(3)根據(jù)材料二三與所學知識,分析清代(鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前)中國科技發(fā)展停滯的原因。答:君主專制維系腐朽制度;重農(nóng)抑商、閉關(guān)政策阻礙資本主義萌芽發(fā)展;自然經(jīng)濟不能提供近代科技發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ);文化專制政策(或崇尚理學、八股取士、文字獄等)禁錮思想,摧殘人才,阻礙科技發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分。)(4)簡述從中西方科技發(fā)展變化的歷史中得到的啟示。答:評分說明:圍繞生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,政治經(jīng)濟變革、思想解放與科技發(fā)展的關(guān)系等任一角度回答,言之有理,均可酌情賦分
教師活動:針對學生的辯論作點評、總結(jié):(4)勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗是我國的傳統(tǒng)美德,是一種民族精神,而不是一種具體的消費行為。作為精神,它是永遠不過時的。特別是我國還處在社會主義的初級階段,生產(chǎn)力水平還比較低,還面臨人口、資源等壓力,我們更應該發(fā)揚勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗的優(yōu)良作風。從個人思想品德的修養(yǎng)角度講,有利于個人優(yōu)秀品德的形成和情操的陶冶,是有志者應該具備的精神狀態(tài)。當然,不能把勤儉節(jié)約、艱苦奮斗與合理消費對立起來,勤儉節(jié)約不是抑制消費而是說不要浪費??傊陨纤膫€原則,是科學消費觀的具體要求,我們要理解和掌握這些原則,并用他們指導自己的消費行為,既有益于個人,也有益于社會,將促進個人的健康發(fā)展和社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
這次大賽我們看到了啟發(fā)講授式,合作探究式,情景體驗式,信息技術(shù)與學科教學整合式等多種教學方法,各有所長,也都發(fā)揮了各自不同的教學作用。重慶的李靜老師在講《文化創(chuàng)新的途徑》這課中,從一個大家都非常關(guān)注的有些爭議的張藝謀導演的雅典奧運會閉幕式上8分鐘的表演的品評與思辯入手,學生非常興奮,又到2008年北京奧運會開幕式的點火和文藝演出的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計,教學過程中既有學生的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,又有充分發(fā)揮學生想象力的小組合作探究,還有小組間彼此的評價。在教學方式的設(shè)計上既有體驗式,又有合作探究式,還有教師的啟發(fā)講授,多種教學方式的整合提高了課堂教學的整體效益。最后還要求學生把他們的設(shè)計通過E-mail等方式發(fā)給北京奧運會組委會,讓學生非常興奮?!?/p>
①含義:即國家管理形式,是國家政權(quán)的組織形式②政體的必要性和重要性A、行使職能B、維護其根本利益掌握國家政權(quán)的階級為實現(xiàn)政治統(tǒng)治、行使社會管理職能,必然要采取某種形式組織政權(quán)機關(guān)。統(tǒng)治階級為維護其根本利益,總是力求采用最有效的政權(quán)組織形式。3、國體與政體的關(guān)系(板書)(1)、政體的多樣性(2)、國體與政體的關(guān)系①國體決定政體,并通過一定的政體來體現(xiàn);政體體現(xiàn)國體,并服務于特定的國體。適當?shù)恼w能夠鞏固國體,不適當?shù)恼w會危害國體。補充:政體由國體決定并反映國體,國體是主要的方面。但是,政體也具有一定的獨立性,影響它形成的因素主要有:歷史條件、階級力量對比、傳統(tǒng)習慣、國際環(huán)境影響等。②專政政體國體與政體,即是國家制度中內(nèi)容與形式兩個方面(3)從國體、政體兩個方面看民主制國家補充:專政即是主要依靠暴力實行的統(tǒng)治,它與民主相對立,屬于國體的范疇,而專制則與法制相對立,屬于政體的范疇。
一、教材分析我們使用的是人教版第四冊《生活與哲學》教材,本框?qū)儆诘谒膯卧谑n第一框題。其內(nèi)容主要分兩目,第一目主要介紹價值的含義、人是社會一切財富的創(chuàng)造者、人的價值在于創(chuàng)造價值和對社會的責任和貢獻,以及對一個人的評價主要看他的貢獻等內(nèi)容。第二目主要介紹價值觀的導向作用,內(nèi)容包括價值觀的含義、價值觀對人們認識世界和改造世界的活動具有導向作用以及對人生道路的選擇具有導向作用。二、教學目標知識目標:1、識記價值和價值觀的基本含義;價值觀的導向作用。2、理解人的價值是什么?如何評價人的價值。3、運用所學知識及相關(guān)哲學原理,分析物的價值和人的價值的 不同,從中加深對人的價值的理解評論分析為什么對一個人的評價要看他的貢獻,而不是索取了多少。
(2)、中國堅持以互利合作實現(xiàn)共同繁榮----促進共同發(fā)展中國堅持以互利合作實現(xiàn)共同繁榮。中國連續(xù)擔任經(jīng)社理事會理事國,積極參與經(jīng)社系統(tǒng)有關(guān)經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的重要國際會議和其他活動并承辦了聯(lián)合國第四次世界婦女大會。中國積極推動南北對話和南南合作,敦促發(fā)達國家為實現(xiàn)全球普遍、協(xié)調(diào)、均衡發(fā)展承擔更多責任。中國加人多項國際人權(quán)公約并認真履行公約義務,與聯(lián)合國人權(quán)事務高級專員保持良好合作,與多國展開人權(quán)對話。相關(guān)鏈接:1995年9月,聯(lián)合國第四次世界婦女大會在北京舉行。來自197個國家和地區(qū)以及眾多國際組織的1.76萬名代表圍繞會議主題“以行動謀求平等、發(fā)展與和平”展開熱烈討論。會議通過了《北京宣言》和《行動綱領(lǐng)》,為全球婦女事業(yè)的發(fā)展注入了新的活力。
1.知識目標:◇識記 :(1)自然界的物質(zhì)性(2)物質(zhì)的含義(3)人類社會的物質(zhì)性◇理解:(1)世界的物質(zhì)性(2)自然界是物質(zhì)的,不是上帝和神創(chuàng)造的(3) 物質(zhì)和具體的物質(zhì)形態(tài)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系(4)勞動創(chuàng)造了人和人類社會(5)人類社會是物質(zhì)世界長期發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物◇分析:(1)聯(lián)系當前自然界中萬事萬物的發(fā)展變化,說明自然界的物質(zhì)性 (2)聯(lián)系我國當前的社會改革以及社會發(fā)展的狀況,說明人類社會的物質(zhì)性(3)用課本知識分析,世界是物質(zhì)的世界,世界的真正統(tǒng)一性在于它的物質(zhì)性2.能力目標:(1)通過學習,體會如何去理解一個哲學觀點,初步了解學習哲學的基本方法(2)通過學習、體會、分析與綜合的思維方法,提高分析問題的能力(3)通過收集和分析材料,培養(yǎng)收集材料和整理材料的能力3.情感、態(tài)度和價值觀目標:通過對本課的學習,能從世界本質(zhì)問題上指出有神論的荒謬性,從根本上消除有神論的影響,初步樹立唯物主義的自然界、世界觀 三、教學重點難點重點:世界的物質(zhì)統(tǒng)一性原理
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學生們將在學校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學年開學在即。(7)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
①標題——標題應當簡潔明了。②導語——導語是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話,簡明扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。③主體——主體是消息的主要部分,要用充足的事實表現(xiàn)主題,對導語的內(nèi)容作進一步的展開和闡述。④結(jié)束語——通常是對全文內(nèi)容進行概括性的總結(jié)。3. 新聞報道增分句子(1)陳述事實常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震發(fā)生在一個涼爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌,道路被毀,許多人無家可歸。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援隊的幫助下,困在洪水中的人們得救了。(2)陳述觀點常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.顯然/在我看來/似乎人們震驚了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整個城市成了一片廢墟。(3)揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.
【教材分析】本節(jié)課是高中英語第一冊的最后一個單元的閱讀和思考部分,文章難度明顯增加,體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:文章題材是說明文,比較難理解;話題生疏,涉及到歷史等知識;生詞量增大,而且在語境中理解詞匯的要求提高。面對這些,教師的難度和高度也要有所提升,通過探討說明順序,了解背景知識等幫助他們找到說明文閱讀的方法?!窘虒W目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. 文化意識目標新課程中指出,文化意識是對中外文化的理解和對優(yōu)秀文化的認同。文化意識的的培養(yǎng)有助于學生增加國家認同和家國情懷,成為有文明素養(yǎng)和社會責任感的人。我們這個單元很好體現(xiàn)了這一點,通過了解漢字書寫的體系和發(fā)展,學生可以有一種文化自豪感,同時也能夠幫助學生深入挖掘這篇文章,從而想到更多和中國文化相關(guān)的方面。2. 學習能力目標
教學目標知識目標:讓學生更好理解如何恰當?shù)貙懸粋€人的信息介紹,并能讓學生熟練地使用一些寫作技能。能力目標:培養(yǎng)學生的寫作能力和團隊協(xié)作能力。情感目標:提升學生對寫作的興趣。教學重難點 教學重點:如何能讓學生更好地理解個人信息介紹。教學難點:如何能讓學生通過適當?shù)厥褂靡恍懽骷寄軄韺懸黄^好的個人信息介紹。教學準備 多媒體、黑板、粉筆一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動動作(該動作在說話的瞬間未必正在進行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(說話時,并不一定正在進行)3.表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動行為,常和always,constantly 等表示頻度的副詞連用,這種用法常常帶有贊揚或厭惡的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4.表示按計劃或安排主語將要承受謂語動詞所表示的動作(僅限于少數(shù)及物動詞)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語用于現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)時, 其中的介詞不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2.可與部分情態(tài)動詞連用,表示對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測。She may be being punished by her mother.3.有時可表示按計劃或安排將要進行的一個被動動作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4.某些表示“狀態(tài)、心理活動、存在”等的動詞,如have,want,need,love,一般不用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài),而常用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。With the population increasing,more land is needed.5.“be+under/in+n.”可表示現(xiàn)在進行時的被動意義。My computer is under repair.=My computer is being repaired.
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點,總結(jié)共同點。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個博主, 我已經(jīng)學了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個常見而嚴重的問題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡惡霸的目標。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。