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新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading for Writing教案二
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading and Thinking教案二
Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework
人教版高中語文必修3《馬嵬（其二）》教案2篇
結合歷史自古以來，江山美人歷來都是引無數(shù)英雄豪杰競折腰的，如果說英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山，把所有罪名都歸結于“女人是禍水”。但是，紂王無道，和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎？有人說妲己壞透了，壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來的，紂王聽信了妲己的讒言，聽與不聽決定權在紂王，而不在妲己。強勢永遠在紂王一邊。再來看看西施和楊貴妃：西施是作為越國貢獻給吳國的供品來到吳王夫差的身邊的，楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以，西施和楊貴妃這兩個可憐的女人根本沒有自己的獨立選擇，沒有獨立的愛情，如果沒有西施，就會有南施，或北施；如果沒有楊貴妃，就會有李貴妃，王貴妃，總之什么施，什么妃是不能少的，因為那是吳王和李隆基的需要。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點，總結共同點。1．(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．2．(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．3．(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club．4．(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．5．(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教案二
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 3 The Internet-Reading and Thinking教案二
Q5：What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6：What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:溫故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1．(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system．2．(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack，．．．3．(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge)．Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:過去分詞作定語時的意義1．及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表示被動；在時間上，常表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，有時也不表示時間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last．我們的老師看著我們做實驗，最后給了我們一個滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon．會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2．不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，它不表示被動意義，只強調(diào)動作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard．
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Listening＆Speaking＆Talking教案二
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about "sharing views on historical sites". Through listening to a dialogue between Chinese and foreign students on the way to the Confucius Temple, students can understand their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts, so as to realize and think about the profound influence of Confucius and his thoughts on Chinese historical tradition. At the same time, the dialogue naturally integrates English idioms and mentions Shakespeare, the British playwright, so as to provide language materials and context for students to understand English idioms and related cultural allusions, as well as to compare Chinese and foreign cultures, which is helpful for students to understand and express the language such as history, tradition, culture and custom significant impact.Text analysis: listening text is a dialogue between a British student and a Chinese student when he goes to the Confucius Temple. When William, a British student, visited the Confucius Temple, he asked Xiao Kong, a Chinese student, for directions. Xiao Kong was just going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, so they went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. From the perspective of foreign tourists, this paper describes their thoughts on Confucius, the great son of Confucius, who had a profound impact on Chinese history and cultural tradition, and his education.Listening and Talking introduces a visit to a historic tourist destination. Tourism is a common way to understand a country's history, culture, and customs and so on. Students listen to the dialogue between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel Usher, and Paul, a backpacker, to learn about Pingyao's famous historical and cultural attractions and Paul's travel experience and experience as a foreign tourist.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Discovering Useful Structures教案二
4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因為寫得匆忙, 這篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔細讀書時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當被問及他為什么要這么做時, 班長說這是他的職責
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1：What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading for Writing教案二
The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?
人教版高中政治必修4矛盾是事物發(fā)展的源泉和動力說課稿（二）
一、說教材1、本框的地位和作用本框題是人教版普通高中課程標準實驗教科書思想政治必修4《生活與哲學》第三單元第九課第一個框題。從這一框開始學生學習唯物辯證法中最基本的概念——矛盾。世界是普遍聯(lián)系和變化發(fā)展的，聯(lián)系的根本內(nèi)容是矛盾，發(fā)展的根本動力也是矛盾。矛盾的觀點是唯物辯證法的根本觀點。矛盾規(guī)律即對立統(tǒng)一規(guī)律揭示了事物發(fā)展的源泉和動力。矛盾分析法是我們認識世界和改造世界的根本方法。因而本框題起著承上啟下的作用。2、教學目標知識與技能：識記：矛盾、矛盾同一性、斗爭性的含義；矛盾普遍性、特殊性的含義。理解：矛盾同一性與斗爭性的辯證關系；矛盾普遍性和特殊性的辯證關系及其重要意義。運用：聯(lián)系實例，分析矛盾含義和矛盾普遍性含義；聯(lián)系生活實例，分析矛盾特殊性含義。
人教版高中生物必修2減數(shù)分裂和受精作用說課稿
一 減數(shù)分裂高一生物減數(shù)分裂說課稿各位評委、老師：大家好，我今天說課的題目是高中生物必修2第二章第一節(jié)〈〈減數(shù)分裂與受精作用〉〉第一部分減數(shù)分裂第一課時精子形成過程。接下來我就從以下幾個方面來說說這一節(jié)課。一、說教材1．教材地位和作用《減數(shù)分裂》這一部分內(nèi)容不僅是第二章的重點內(nèi)容，也是整本書的重點內(nèi)容之一。它以必修一學過的細胞學知識、染色體知識、有絲分裂知識和初中生殖種類知識為基礎。通過學習，使學生全面認識細胞分裂的種類、實質和意義，為后面學習遺傳和變異，生物的進化奠定細胞學基礎。2．教學目標（1）知識目標：掌握減數(shù)分裂的概念和精子的形成過程；理解減數(shù)分裂和受精作用的意義。（2）能力目標：通過觀察減數(shù)分裂過程中染色體的行為變化，培養(yǎng)學生識圖、繪圖能力以及比較分析和歸納總結的能力。
人教版高中地理必修3森林的開發(fā)和保護教案
角色扮演：學生扮演政府官員、熱帶叢林土著居民、 世界環(huán)保組織官員、開發(fā)商等角色，從角色的立場討論亞馬孫河流域熱帶雨林的開發(fā)活動規(guī)則: 每個小組認領一種角色，用5分鐘的時間討論和整理思路，然后推薦一位代表做中心發(fā)言，小組的其他同學可以隨時補充。發(fā)言時請說 明所扮演的角色，盡可能多的發(fā)表建設性意見。如果需要，可以上臺展示材料【學生互動】 風云辯論：雨林破壞誰之錯?正方觀點：雨林破壞，亞馬孫地區(qū) 的國家和 居民應負主要責任反方觀點: 雨林破壞，發(fā)達國家應負主要責任 【師生小結】 雨林的開發(fā)，既有發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟的需要，也有發(fā)達國家國際市場的牽動。保護雨林，是全人類的共同責任，尤其發(fā)達國家應該承擔更多的責任。保護亞馬遜雨林符合長遠利益和全球利益。但這與雨林所在地國家的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了矛盾，如何解決之一矛盾是雨林開發(fā)與保護的關鍵?！具^渡承轉】 綠色和平組織警告說，如果不采取有效措施制止對森林的破壞，80年內(nèi)熱帶雨林可能完全從地球上消失。開發(fā)還是保護?這是雨林的兩種前途，也
人教版高中政治必修1第二課多變的價格教案
（四）反思總結，當堂檢測。本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用，主要知識框架如下：（1）、價格變動會影響人們的消費需求，商品價格上漲，人需求就減少，反之，則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的，對生活必需品的需求量影響較小，對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關商品價格變動對消費需求的影響不同，某種商品價格上漲，就會減少需求量，其替代品需求量增加，其互補品需求量則減少。（2）、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營，價格變動會調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn)，刺激生產(chǎn)者改進技術，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高 質量產(chǎn)品。（五）發(fā)導學案、布置預習。預習第三課第一框《消費及其類型》，完成預習導學案練習題九、板書設計《價格變動的影響》1、對人們生活的影響（1）商品價格變動與消費需求量之間的關系（2）不同商品的需求量對價格變動的反應程度不同
人教版高中政治必修4意識的作用說課稿（二）
（3）一切從實際出發(fā)、實事求是在講授這部分內(nèi)容時，同樣繼續(xù)利用長城的例子來說明，古人正是經(jīng)過實地的考察得出最佳的建造地點等，結合了當?shù)禺敃r的實際來建造長城，引導學生得出從實際出發(fā)，實事求是的結論。3、課程小結：本節(jié)的所有內(nèi)容已經(jīng)講授完畢了，為了讓學生更好地鞏固本節(jié)課所學的知識，我會利用板書為學生梳理本節(jié)的重點條框內(nèi)容。這樣能夠幫助學生理清思路明確各知識點的關系。4、作業(yè)：我會要求同學在課后以某一個事例（如：一件事情、一棟建筑、一輛汽車等）為例，來寫出著個事例中體現(xiàn)我們今天所講課的內(nèi)容的知識點。七、說教學理念我的教學理念是以傳統(tǒng)的教授法與范例教學法就相結合的教學方法為主，充分利用多媒體的教學手段，結合事例來講解知識，在上課過程中充分調(diào)動同學的積極性來講解知識。我的說課完畢，不足之處望各位老師給予指正！
人教版高中歷史必修2交通工具和通訊工具的進步說課稿2篇
師：改革開放后，喬家依然是生意興隆，財源廣進。下面我們來看一下他們乘坐另一種交通工具。（畫外音響起，男中音用緩慢、低沉的語調(diào)朗誦；幻燈片展示）（七）喬致庸1905年來到上海，腰纏萬貫的他坐上了行駛在柏油公路上的“四輪子”?？上У氖牵撕蟮乃氖辏袊矝]有多少柏油路和“四輪子”.直到50年后，四輪子和“柏油路”才多了起來?！八妮喿印笔鞘裁矗繛槭裁础按撕蟮乃氖?，中國也沒有多少柏油路和四輪子”？為什么“直到50年后，四輪子和“柏油路”才多了起來”？生：略師：20世紀初，汽車開始出現(xiàn)在上海。因為舊中國政治腐敗、民生凋敝。新中國成立后有了自己的汽車制造廠，比如說一汽、二汽。解放后，我們的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)蒸蒸日上。（展示材料）屏幕顯示：1956年，長春第一汽車制造廠生產(chǎn)出第一批 “解放牌”載重汽車，標志著中國汽車工業(yè)的誕生。2009年我國汽車工業(yè)取得了全球矚目的成績，首次超過美國，成為全球產(chǎn)銷量第一的國家。
人教版高中歷史必修3古代中國的發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)教案2篇
（2）由來：《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是我國古典醫(yī)籍中現(xiàn)存最早的一部醫(yī)學，在整個中醫(yī)的發(fā)展過程起著重要的作用。該書中闡述的理論，一直以來指導著整個中醫(yī)學術的發(fā)展，是學習中醫(yī)不可缺少的一部經(jīng)典讀物，也是現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)院學生學習中醫(yī)時必讀的醫(yī)書。顧名思義，“內(nèi)經(jīng)”是講內(nèi)科方面的疾病，據(jù)《隋書．藝文志》記載，除了有《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》外，還有一本《黃帝外經(jīng)》。這兩本書是姊妹篇?？磥?，《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是針對《黃帝外經(jīng)》說的。2、《傷寒雜病論》：集大成的中醫(yī)專著、“萬世寶典”（1）作者：東漢張仲景（2）內(nèi)容：全書分為“傷寒”和“雜病”兩大部分，（3）地位：創(chuàng)造性地提出辯證施治的方法，奠定了后世中醫(yī)臨床學的理論基礎，被后世醫(yī)家譽為“萬世寶典”。3、《本草綱目》：“東方藥物巨典”（1）作者：明朝李時珍（2）內(nèi)容：記錄各類藥物1892種、藥方一萬多個，還繪制了一千多幅藥物形態(tài)圖。（3）地位：這部重要的中藥學著作，是對16世紀以前中藥學的系統(tǒng)總結，被稱為“東方藥物寶典”。
人教版高中政治必修2國際社會的成員：主權國家和國際組織教案
（1）1945.10.24日，《聯(lián)合國憲章》生效，聯(lián)合國正式成立。主要機構有：聯(lián)合國大會、安全理事會、經(jīng)濟及社會理事會、托管理事會、國際法院、秘書處等。（2）聯(lián)合國的宗旨：維護國際和平與安全；發(fā)展國際間以尊重人民平等權利及自決原則為基礎的友好關系；促進國際合作，以解決國際間屬于經(jīng)濟、社會、文化及人類福利性質的國際問題；作為協(xié)調(diào)各國活動的中心。簡單地說，就是維護國際和平與安全，促進國際合作與發(fā)展。（3）聯(lián)合國的原則：各會員國主權平等，履行憲章規(guī)定的義務，以和平方式解決國際爭端，不得對其他國家進行武力威脅或使用武力，集體協(xié)作，不干涉任何國家的內(nèi)政，確保非會員國遵守上述原則。（4）聯(lián)合國的作用：聯(lián)合國在維護世界和平與安全，促進經(jīng)濟、社會的發(fā)展，以及實行人道主義援助等方面發(fā)揮著積極作用。