一般情況下,凡是支持物對(duì)物體的支持力,都是支持物因發(fā)生形變而對(duì)物體產(chǎn)生彈力。所以支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。例1:放在水平桌面上的書書由于重力的作用而壓迫桌面,使書和桌面同時(shí)發(fā)生微小形變,要恢復(fù)原狀,對(duì)桌面產(chǎn)生垂直于桌面向下的彈力f1,這就是書對(duì)桌面的壓力;桌面由于發(fā)生微小的形變,對(duì)書產(chǎn)生垂直于書面向上的彈力f2,這就是桌面對(duì)書的支持力。學(xué)生分析:靜止地放在傾斜木板上的書,書對(duì)木板的壓力和木板對(duì)書的支持力。并畫出力的示意圖。結(jié)論:壓力、支持力都是彈力。壓力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被壓的物體,支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析靜止時(shí),懸繩對(duì)重物的拉力及方向。引導(dǎo)得出:懸掛物由于重力的作用而拉緊懸繩,使重物、懸繩同時(shí)發(fā)生微小的形變。重物由于發(fā)生微小的形變,對(duì)懸繩產(chǎn)生豎直向下的彈力f1,這是物對(duì)繩的拉力;懸繩由于發(fā)生微小形變,對(duì)物產(chǎn)生豎直向上的彈力f2,這就是繩對(duì)物體的拉力。
【教學(xué)意圖】要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,必須閱讀古詩文名著名篇。但在中國(guó)文化形成過程中影響最大的是什么?可以說是儒家學(xué)說,包括《論語》這部經(jīng)典。《論語》等書是讀書人求仕做官的必修課本,是知識(shí)分子的思想言行基礎(chǔ),而且影響到整個(gè)社會(huì)生活,內(nèi)容包括倫理道德、教育體制、民間習(xí)俗等方面的思想。因此,要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,有必要讀一讀《論語》。【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】因《論語》的年代已久遠(yuǎn),對(duì)學(xué)生而言,要理解透徹文句是比較深?yuàn)W困難的,因此必須在充分理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)《論語》進(jìn)行思想上的解讀??捎山處煆摹墩撜Z》中概括出幾點(diǎn)與生活、現(xiàn)實(shí)相關(guān)的要點(diǎn),要求學(xué)生分組進(jìn)行透徹的學(xué)習(xí)和領(lǐng)會(huì),如“小人與君子”、“學(xué)習(xí)的方法”、“教育的理念”等等?!冀虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)〗讀《論語》知儒家思想?!冀虒W(xué)方法〗講解啟發(fā)、探究梳理、拓展延伸。
請(qǐng)問,作者究竟聽到歌聲沒有?”學(xué)生回答:“沒有。”“這里是比喻,因?yàn)檫@里用得是‘仿佛’一詞……”對(duì),是比喻。也就是說,作者是用歌聲來比喻荷香,是吧?“但是,“荷香與歌聲有什么可比的共同點(diǎn)嗎?”“荷香與歌聲都是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)、若有若無的?!薄岸译鼥V朧的?!薄皩?duì)?!昂上愫透杪暥际恰|縷’的、‘渺?!?。這是比喻。這是一種特殊的比喻,錢鐘書先生把它叫做‘通感’。人們通過視覺、聽覺、觸覺、味覺、嗅覺等五官感知外界事物時(shí),在一般情況下,彼此不能交錯(cuò);但在特殊情況下,五官功能卻能出現(xiàn)互相轉(zhuǎn)化、彼此溝通的現(xiàn)象叫“通感”,也叫“移覺”。舉幾個(gè)例子來說明:詩人艾青曾寫詩這樣描繪日本著名指揮家小澤征爾:‘你的耳朵在偵察,你的眼睛在傾聽……’這也是通感。又如:“那笛聲里有故鄉(xiāng)綠色平原上青草的香味,有四月的龍眼花的香味,有太陽的光明。”(郭風(fēng)《葉笛》)
【教學(xué)參考】對(duì)“新政”作用的評(píng)價(jià)史學(xué)界對(duì)“新政”作用的評(píng)價(jià)是仁者見仁、智者見智,但基本上有三種觀點(diǎn),即“功大于過論”、“過大于功論”和“功過參半論”。持“功大于過論”者認(rèn)為“新政”在美國(guó)歷史上基本上是一種進(jìn)步現(xiàn)象,首先,“新政”挽救了危機(jī),使美國(guó)人民擺脫了危機(jī)的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策知識(shí)的時(shí)代,羅斯福所做的努力確實(shí)是開創(chuàng)性的;再次,羅斯?!靶抡遍_啟了美國(guó)以后歷屆政府實(shí)施國(guó)家干預(yù)政策的大門,成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度之弊病的一劑良方,并在實(shí)質(zhì)上加強(qiáng)了美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威;最后,在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下,同日本、德國(guó)為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機(jī)而發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的策略相比,“新政”無疑代表了一種進(jìn)步、民主的解救危機(jī)方式。持“過大于功論”者認(rèn)為“新政”未能使美國(guó)走出蕭條、步入繁榮。
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用)①表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。②用于時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學(xué)生們將在學(xué)校大門口集會(huì)。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學(xué)年開學(xué)在即。(7)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來①表示按時(shí)間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常限于表示位置移動(dòng)的短暫性動(dòng)詞。②在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時(shí)刻表,快點(diǎn)!4026次航班的起飛時(shí)間是下午6點(diǎn)20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡(jiǎn)很匆忙,因?yàn)槿C(jī)場(chǎng)的火車半小時(shí)后出發(fā)。
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀(jì),愛爾蘭南部脫離英國(guó),這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國(guó)的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國(guó)的任何地方,你都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治過英國(guó)。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
這個(gè)地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學(xué)既練:為了讓更多的外國(guó)游客了解中國(guó)文化,欣賞中國(guó)美麗的自然風(fēng)光,感受中國(guó)發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊(cè)子來介紹中國(guó)的旅游景點(diǎn)。該雜志社邀請(qǐng)你為該小冊(cè)子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州,內(nèi)容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國(guó)東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風(fēng)景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語法要點(diǎn)精析。用法1:過去分詞作表語1).過去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過去分詞作表語時(shí)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài);而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動(dòng)作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺類及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.
l.知識(shí)與技能:(1)知道摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件。(2)能在簡(jiǎn)單問題中,根據(jù)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),判斷靜摩擦力的有無、大小和方向;知道存在著最大靜摩擦力。(3)掌握動(dòng)磨擦因數(shù),會(huì)在具體問題中計(jì)算滑動(dòng)磨擦力,掌握判定摩擦力方向的方法。(4)知道影響到摩擦因數(shù)的因素。2.過程與方法:通過觀察演示實(shí)驗(yàn),概括出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件及摩擦力的特點(diǎn),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察、概括能力。通過靜摩擦力與滑動(dòng)摩擦力的區(qū)別對(duì)比,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析綜合能力。3.情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:在分析物體所受摩擦力時(shí),突出主要矛盾,忽略次要因素及無關(guān)因素,總結(jié)出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件和規(guī)律。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)分析1.本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容分滑動(dòng)摩擦力和靜摩擦力兩部分。重點(diǎn)是摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件、特性和規(guī)律,通過演示實(shí)驗(yàn)得出關(guān)系f=μN(yùn)。2.難點(diǎn)是學(xué)生有初中的知識(shí),往往誤認(rèn)為壓力N的大小總是跟滑動(dòng)物體所受的重力相等,因此必須指出只有當(dāng)兩物體的接觸面垂直,物體在水平拉力作用下,沿水平面滑動(dòng)時(shí),壓力N的大小才跟物體所受的重力相等。
(明確:“寡人之于國(guó)也,盡心焉耳矣”,但“寡人之民不加多,何也?”)②他認(rèn)為自己對(duì)國(guó)家政務(wù)盡心盡力了,他有哪些具體做法?(明確:移民移粟)③第2—4節(jié)中孟子是怎樣說明梁惠王移民移粟的措施與“鄰國(guó)之政”并無本質(zhì)區(qū)別的?(明確:孟子不直接回答“民不加多”的問題,而是用梁惠王熟悉的“戰(zhàn)”設(shè)喻——設(shè)圈套,誘使對(duì)方在不知不覺中說出“不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也?!保苊献诱J(rèn)為怎樣才能做到“王道之始”?要想“王道之成”還需采取哪些措施?(明確:“不違農(nóng)時(shí),谷不可勝食也。數(shù)罟不入氵夸池,魚鱉不可勝食也。斧斤以時(shí)入山林,材木不可勝用也。谷與魚鱉不可勝食,材木不可勝用五畝之宅,樹之以桑,五十者可以衣帛矣。雞豚狗彘之畜,無失其時(shí),七十者可以食肉矣。百畝之田,勿奪其時(shí),數(shù)口之家,可以無饑矣。謹(jǐn)庫序之教,申之以孝涕之義,頒白者不負(fù)戴于道路矣。)這一小步的目的是想讓學(xué)生通過這些問題的解答,可以進(jìn)一步理清思路,掌握文的大概內(nèi)容。
一、人類遺傳病1.概念2.分類(1)單基因遺傳病(2)多基因遺傳病(3)染色體異常遺傳病①原因②類型3遺傳病的特點(diǎn)4.遺傳病對(duì)人類的危害八、說布置作業(yè)在作業(yè)的布置中,我嚴(yán)格遵循“重質(zhì)量、輕負(fù)擔(dān)”的指導(dǎo)思想。第一題主要是為了幫助學(xué)生及時(shí)糾正原有的對(duì)知識(shí)的錯(cuò)誤理解或片面認(rèn)識(shí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的解題技巧和技能。所以我選用了該題。同時(shí)想借助該題培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)問題的科學(xué)的思維方法和探究的精神。幫助學(xué)生提高對(duì)信息技術(shù)運(yùn)用的熟練程度,發(fā)展學(xué)生的信息素養(yǎng)。附作業(yè):1、連線題,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們連線指出下列遺傳各屬于何種類型?(1)苯丙酮尿病 A、單基因遺傳?。?)21三體綜合征(3)抗維生素D佝僂病 B、多基因遺傳?。?)軟骨發(fā)育不全(5)青少年型糖尿病 C、常染色體病2、以生物小組為單位進(jìn)行人類遺傳病的調(diào)查。
在學(xué)生活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上,教師總結(jié)歸納:要堅(jiān)持從群眾中來到群眾中去的工作方法。要求:政府要通過各種途徑,利用各種群眾組織、社會(huì)團(tuán)體廣泛收集群眾意見和建議,認(rèn)真對(duì)待群眾的來信來訪。還要為群眾誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意辦實(shí)事,盡心竭力解難事,堅(jiān)持不懈。通過合作探究,以此來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析能力,探究能力以及透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息的能力,自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力以及全面看問題的能力,再結(jié)合教師的講授,給學(xué)生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。環(huán)節(jié)四 回歸生活 提升情感我將引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀課本,通過設(shè)置活動(dòng)探究課,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際從時(shí)效,便利,實(shí)效等方面請(qǐng)學(xué)生評(píng)述公民求助或投訴的四種方式的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在這一過程中,我還會(huì)用多媒體展示常用的熱線電話,政府網(wǎng)站上有關(guān)信訪、政務(wù)公開及其他便民利民的欄目,豐富課堂資源。讓學(xué)生閱讀課本,自行歸納知識(shí)點(diǎn),有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。
3、重要語句的理解“可是一個(gè)人并不是生來要給打敗的,你盡可把它消滅掉,可就是打不敗他?!苯馕觯哼@是老人第一次回合之后的內(nèi)心獨(dú)白,也是此小說的核心精神,充分體現(xiàn)了老人桑地亞哥的生命理念。整句話可以分為兩部分來理解,前句告訴我們,人生活在自然與社會(huì)當(dāng)中,必不可少要面臨一些坎坷、磨難,這些磨難、坎坷完全可以造成軀體的消滅、消亡,這是人生命的脆弱性。后句,面對(duì)挫折,只要保持一種樂觀的精神,擁有一顆堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的心靈,那么,人類執(zhí)著奮斗的精神將永不磨滅。4、象征主義題目是《老人與?!?,而表明上,小說是寫一位老人及其在海上的經(jīng)歷,但實(shí)際上,老人的形象極具概括性,他已經(jīng)超越了一個(gè)人的存在,而成為了人生的一種象征。老人桑地亞哥就是“硬漢子”的代表,大海則是生命旅途的象征,鯊魚則是我們行走中的“強(qiáng)物”,厄運(yùn)的象征。人的一生不可能一帆風(fēng)順,不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎能見彩虹,走在人生路途中,不可避免我們都要遇到挫折,被厄運(yùn)所阻撓,只有經(jīng)歷與“鯊魚”的較量,才能成為強(qiáng)者,唱出最美的歌。
四、教學(xué)方法和學(xué)法。課前學(xué)生搜集有關(guān)《詩經(jīng)》的資料必不可少。另外,時(shí)隔數(shù)千年,年代久遠(yuǎn),文字的障礙很大,然而,過分糾纏于文字的疏通會(huì)破壞詩歌的“氣”,喪失詩歌的“神”,所以在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),應(yīng)舍去條分縷析的理論評(píng)價(jià),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合注釋疏通文字,然后引領(lǐng)他們經(jīng)由文字再現(xiàn)形象和事件,經(jīng)由形象和事件領(lǐng)略情感,感受其中濃濃的詩情。誦讀的環(huán)節(jié)是重要的,配以二胡獨(dú)奏《長(zhǎng)相思》,營(yíng)造意境,學(xué)生沉浸在音樂營(yíng)造的意境中反復(fù)吟詠,讀出節(jié)奏,讀出音調(diào),讀出感情,細(xì)細(xì)體味,讓或優(yōu)或喜的情愫縈繞心間,我們就觸到了先民的靈魂。比興手法為《詩經(jīng)》獨(dú)創(chuàng),重章疊句同樣別致而新鮮,教學(xué)過程中結(jié)合具體語境讓學(xué)生自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行討論,不搞枯燥的知識(shí)傳授。還引入講故事、改寫兩種活潑的學(xué)習(xí)形式,從而達(dá)到加深理解的目的。
說教材A.教材簡(jiǎn)析《琵琶行(并序)》是人教版《普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書語文》必修3第二單元的一篇講讀課文。本單元學(xué)習(xí)的是唐代詩歌,共七首詩?!杜眯校ú⑿颍肥翘拼F(xiàn)實(shí)主義詩人白居易寫的一首歌行體長(zhǎng)篇敘事詩,是我國(guó)古代敘事詩和音樂詩中的“千古絕喝”。詩歌主題鮮明、人物形象生動(dòng),抒情真切細(xì)膩,具有深刻的思想內(nèi)容和卓越的藝術(shù)技巧。B.教學(xué)目標(biāo)《全日制普通高中高級(jí)中學(xué)語文教學(xué)大綱》明確要求我們:在閱讀教學(xué)過程中要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生“感受文學(xué)形象,品味文學(xué)作品的語言和藝術(shù)技巧,初步鑒賞文學(xué)作品”。而本單元的教學(xué)要求是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生詩歌鑒賞的能力。根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱和單元教學(xué)要求,結(jié)合本課特點(diǎn),我制定本課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是:1.知識(shí)目標(biāo):了解文學(xué)常識(shí);積累重點(diǎn)文言實(shí)詞;品味主旨句“同是天涯淪落人,相逢何必曾相識(shí)”的內(nèi)涵;感知作者把音樂描寫與聽者、演奏者的感情融為一體的寫作特點(diǎn)。
三、孟德爾遺傳規(guī)律的現(xiàn)代解釋①分離定律:在雜合體的細(xì)胞中,位于一對(duì)同源染色體上的等位基因,具有一定的獨(dú)立性;在減數(shù)分裂形成配子的過程中,等位基因隨同源染色體的分開而分離,獨(dú)立地隨配子遺傳給后代。②自由組合定律:位于非同源染色體上的非等位基因的分離或組合是互不干擾的;在減數(shù)分裂過程中,同源染色體的等位基因彼此分離的同時(shí),非同源染色體上的非等位基因自由組合??偨Y(jié):再次強(qiáng)調(diào)孟德爾遺傳定律的現(xiàn)代解釋課堂練習(xí):書本31頁6、教學(xué)反思:本節(jié)課設(shè)置了一系列問題情境,層層設(shè)問,在學(xué)生答問、質(zhì)疑、討論過程中讓學(xué)生建構(gòu)新概念和新的知識(shí)體系,并通過教師及時(shí)掌握反饋信息,適時(shí)點(diǎn)撥、調(diào)節(jié),讓學(xué)生在推理判斷中培養(yǎng)良好的思維習(xí)慣和對(duì)知識(shí)的遷移能力,而且通過留出一定的時(shí)間讓學(xué)生提問,體現(xiàn)了以學(xué)生為主體的思想。