1.掌握有理數(shù)混合運算的順序,并能熟練地進行有理數(shù)加、減、乘、除、乘方的混合運算.2.在運算過程中能合理地應用運算律簡化運算.一、情境導入在學完有理數(shù)的混合運算后,老師為了檢驗同學們的學習效果,出了下面這道題:計算-32+(-6)÷12×(-4).小明和小穎很快給出了答案.小明:-32+(-6)÷12×(-4)=-9+(-6)÷(-2)=-9+3=-6.小穎:-32+(-6)÷12×(-4)=-9+(-6)×2×(-4)=39.你能判斷出誰的計算正確嗎?二、合作探究探究點一:有理數(shù)的混合運算計算:(1)(-5)-(-5)×110÷110×(-5);(2)-1-{(-3)3-[3+23×(-112)]÷(-2)}.解析:(1)題是含有減法、乘法、除法的混合運算,運算時,一定要注意運算順序,尤其是本題中的乘除運算.要從左到右進行計算;(2)題有大括號、中括號,在運算時,可從里到外進行.注意要靈活掌握運算順序.
方法總結(jié):(1)若被開方數(shù)中含有負因數(shù),則應先化成正因數(shù),如(3)題.(2)將二次根式盡量化簡,使被開方數(shù)(式)中不含能開得盡方的因數(shù)(因式),即化為最簡二次根式(后面學到).探究點三:最簡二次根式在二次根式8a,c9,a2+b2,a2中,最簡二次根式共有()A.1個 B.2個C.3個 D.4個解析:8a中有因數(shù)4;c9中有分母9;a3中有因式a2.故最簡二次根式只有a2+b2.故選A.方法總結(jié):只需檢驗被開方數(shù)是否還有分母,是否還有能開得盡方的因數(shù)或因式.三、板書設(shè)計二次根式定義形如a(a≥0)的式子有意義的條件:a≥0性質(zhì):(a)2=a(a≥0),a2=a(a≥0)最簡二次根式本節(jié)經(jīng)歷從具體實例到一般規(guī)律的探究過程,運用類比的方法,得出實數(shù)運算律和運算法則,使學生清楚新舊知識的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,加深學生對運算法則的理解,能否根據(jù)問題的特點,選擇合理、簡便的算法,能否確認結(jié)果的合理性等等.
小劉同學用10元錢購買兩種不同的賀卡共8張,單價分別是1元與2元.設(shè)1元的賀卡為x張,2元的賀卡為y張,那么x,y所適合的一個方程組是()A.x+y2=10,x+y=8 B.x2+y10=8,x+2y=10C.x+y=10,x+2y=8 D.x+y=8,x+2y=10解析:根據(jù)題意可得到兩個相等關(guān)系:(1)1元賀卡張數(shù)+2元賀卡張數(shù)=8(張);(2)1元賀卡錢數(shù)+2元賀卡錢數(shù)=10(元).設(shè)1元的賀卡為x張,2元的賀卡為y張,可列方程組為x+y=8,x+2y=10.故選D.方法總結(jié):要判斷哪個方程組符合題意,可從題目中找出兩個相等關(guān)系,然后代入未知數(shù),即可得到方程組,進而得到正確答案.三、板書設(shè)計二元一次方程組二元一次方程及其解的定義二元一次方程組及其解的定義列二元一次方程組通過自主探究和合作交流,建立二元一次方程的數(shù)學模型,學會逐步掌握基本的數(shù)學知識和方法,形成良好的數(shù)學思維習慣和應用意識,提高解決問題的能力,感受數(shù)學創(chuàng)造的樂趣,增進學好數(shù)學的信心,增加對數(shù)學較全面的體驗和理解.
方法總結(jié):題中未給出圖形,作高構(gòu)造直角三角形時,易漏掉鈍角三角形的情況.如在本例題中,易只考慮高AD在△ABC內(nèi)的情形,忽視高AD在△ABC外的情形.探究點二:利用勾股定理求面積如圖,以Rt△ABC的三邊長為斜邊分別向外作等腰直角三角形.若斜邊AB=3,則圖中△ABE的面積為________,陰影部分的面積為________.解析:因為AE=BE,所以S△ABE=12AE·BE=12AE2.又因為AE2+BE2=AB2,所以2AE2=AB2,所以S△ABE=14AB2=14×32=94;同理可得S△AHC+S△BCF=14AC2+14BC2.又因為AC2+BC2=AB2,所以陰影部分的面積為14AB2+14AB2=12AB2=12×32=92.故填94、92.方法總結(jié):求解與直角三角形三邊有關(guān)的圖形面積時,要結(jié)合圖形想辦法把圖形的面積與直角三角形三邊的平方聯(lián)系起來,再利用勾股定理找到圖形面積之間的等量關(guān)系.
探究點二:三角形內(nèi)角和定理的推論2如圖,P是△ABC內(nèi)的一點,求證:∠BPC>∠A.解析:由題意無法直接得出∠BPC>∠A,延長BP交AC于D,就能得到∠BPC>∠PDC,∠PDC>∠A.即可得證.證明:延長BP交AC于D,∵∠BPC是△ABC的外角(外角定義),∴∠BPC>∠PDC(三角形的一個外角大于任何一個和它不相鄰的內(nèi)角).同理可證:∠PDC>∠A,∴∠BPC>∠A.方法總結(jié):利用推論2證明角的大小時,兩個角應是同一個三角形的內(nèi)角和外角.若不是,就需借助中間量轉(zhuǎn)化求證.三、板書設(shè)計三角形的外角外角:三角形的一邊與另一邊的延長線所組成的 角,叫做三角形的外角推論1:三角形的一個外角等于和它不相鄰的兩 個內(nèi)角的和推論2:三角形的一個外角大于任何一個和它不 相鄰的內(nèi)角利用已經(jīng)學過的知識來推導出新的定理以及運用新的定理解決相關(guān)問題,進一步熟悉和掌握證明的步驟、格式、方法、技巧.進一步培養(yǎng)學生的邏輯思維能力和推理能力,特別是培養(yǎng)有條理的想象和探索能力,從而做到強化基礎(chǔ),激發(fā)學習興趣.
1.會用計算器求平方根和立方根;(重點)2.運用計算器探究數(shù)字規(guī)律,提高推理能力.一、情境導入前面我們通過平方和立方運算求出一些特殊數(shù)的平方根和立方根,如4的平方根是±2,116的平方根是±14,0.064的立方根是0.4,-8的立方根是-2等.那么如何求3,189,-39,311的值呢?二、合作探究探究點一:利用計算器進行開方運算 用計算器求6+7的值.解:按鍵順序為■6+7=SD,顯示結(jié)果為:9.449489743.方法總結(jié):當被開方數(shù)不是一個數(shù)時,輸入時一定要按鍵.解本題時常出現(xiàn)的錯誤是:■6+7=SD,錯的原因是被開方數(shù)是6,而不是6與7的和,這樣在輸入時,對“6+7”進行開方,使得計算的是6+7而不是6+7,從而導致錯誤.K探究點二:利用科學計算器比較數(shù)的大小利用計算器,比較下列各組數(shù)的大?。?1)2,35;(2)5+12,15+2.解:(1)按鍵順序:■2=SD,顯示結(jié)果為1.414213562.按鍵順序:SHIFT■5=,顯示結(jié)果為1.709975947.所以2<35.
探究點三:正比例函數(shù)的性質(zhì)已知正比例函數(shù)y=-kx的圖象經(jīng)過一、三象限,P1(x1,y1)、P2(x2,y2)、P3(x3,y3)三點在函數(shù)y=(k-2)x的圖象上,且x1>x3>x2,則y1,y2,y3的大小關(guān)系為()A.y1>y3>y2 B.y1>y2>y3C.y1y2>y1解析:由y=-kx的圖象經(jīng)過一、三象限,可知-k>0即kx3>x2得y10時,y隨x的增大而增大;k<0時,y隨x的增大而減小.三、板書設(shè)計1.函數(shù)與圖象之間是一一對應的關(guān)系;2.作一個函數(shù)的圖象的一般步驟:列表,描點,連線;3.正比例函數(shù)的圖象的性質(zhì):正比例函數(shù)的圖象是一條經(jīng)過原點的直線.經(jīng)歷函數(shù)圖象的作圖過程,初步了解作函數(shù)圖象的一般步驟:列表、描點、連線.已知函數(shù)的表達式作函數(shù)的圖象,培養(yǎng)學生數(shù)形結(jié)合的意識和能力.理解一次函數(shù)的表達式與圖象之間的一一對應關(guān)系.
1.熱身(Warm-up) (1)全班一起吟唱Let’s chant的歌謠。 (2)單詞拼寫競賽 要拼寫的單詞包括:this morning/afternoon/evening,next week,newspaper, postcard等。可采取小組合作的“接龍式”拼寫形式;也可以選取組內(nèi)一名學生拼寫全部單詞。拼出單詞最快最多的組獲勝。 (3)教師出示簡明地圖,師生問答如下: r:What shop is it? s:It’s a bookstore. r:What can you buy in the bookstore? s:… 在學生回答各商店所出售的物品時,教師根據(jù)其回答貼出物品的小卡片,如: Fruit stand:orange,apple,pear,banana….Shoe store:sneakers,sandals,boots….(此時可引導學生說“a pair of sneakers/boots’’等) 2.預習(Preview) Let’s try 教師指著地圖中的商店及各商店所出售的物品說:Look!There are so many stores and so many goods.Let’s listen to the tape and find out:①Where is Sarah going? ②What is she going to buy? ③Who is she going with? 教師放三遍Let’s try部分的錄音,以上問題可根據(jù)學生的實際情況分三次提出,直到多數(shù)學生能回答并能將前兩項答案填人教師課前畫出的表格中。在填表過程中,教師請學生一起拼寫其中的四會單詞,如:bookstore,comic book。
活動目的:(1)通過小組討論活動,讓學生理解坐標系的特點,并能應用特點解決問題。(2)培養(yǎng)學生逆向思維的習慣。(3)在小組討論中培養(yǎng)學生勇于探索,團結(jié)協(xié)作的精神。第四環(huán)節(jié):練習隨堂練習 (體現(xiàn)建立直角坐標系的多樣性)(補充)某地為了發(fā)展城市群,在現(xiàn)有的四個中小城市A,B,C,D附近新建機場E,試建立適當?shù)闹苯亲鴺讼?,并寫出各點的坐標。第五環(huán)節(jié):小結(jié)內(nèi)容:小結(jié)本節(jié)課自己的收獲和進步,從知識和能力上兩個方面總結(jié),老師予于肯定和鼓勵。目的:鼓勵學生大膽發(fā)言,敢于表達自己的觀點,同時學生之間可以相互學習,共同提高,老師給予肯定和鼓勵,激發(fā)學生的學習熱情。第六環(huán)節(jié):布置作業(yè)A類:課本習題5.5。B類:完成A類同時,補充:(1)已知點A到x軸、y軸的距離均為4,求A點坐標;(2)已知x軸上一點A(3,0),B(3,b),且AB=5,求b的值。
1、通過同位之間互說座位位置,檢測知識目標2、3的達成效果。2、通過導學案上的探究一,檢測知識目標2、3的達成效果。 3、通過探究二,檢測知識目標1、3的達成效果。 4、通過課堂反饋,檢測總體教學目標的達成效果。本節(jié)課遵循分層施教的原則,以適應不同學生的發(fā)展與提高,針對學生回答問題本著多鼓勵、少批評的原則,具體從以下幾方面進行評價:1、通過學生獨立思考、參與小組交流和班級集體展示,教師課堂觀察學生的表現(xiàn),了解學生對知識的理解和掌握情況。教師進行適時的反應評價,同時促進學生的自評與互評。2、通過設(shè)計課堂互說座位、探究一、二及達標檢測題,檢測學習目標達成情況,同時有利于學生完成對自己的評價。3.通過課后作業(yè),了解學生對本課時知識的掌握情況,同時又能檢測學生分析解決問題的方法和思路,完成教學反饋評價。
Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
【設(shè)計意圖】以“新科技是一把雙刃劍”為主題開展討論活動。這個話題比較大,所以給了一定的限制,首先需要以智能家居為例來闡述科技發(fā)展對未來生活產(chǎn)生的影響,然后列舉其優(yōu)點和缺點,最后就以上現(xiàn)象發(fā)表自己的觀點。這個活動是對整個文本的創(chuàng)意性總結(jié)與意義的升華,留給學生一定的想象空間,學生借此機會可以運用文本內(nèi)容和語言表達自己對科技發(fā)展的看法和態(tài)度。Assignments:1. Finish Exercise 4 on Page 15 of the textbook.A smart home is one that integrated computers into the structure of the building itself. In this way, many of the things that we now do ourselves become automatic. For example, the smart home could control the air conditioning and lights so that you would no longer have to turn switches on and off, and so that your home would be more energy-efficient. The smart home could also monitor itself to make sure that everything is working as it should, and send you warnings if there is a problem. Such smart homes could even be programmed to detect your health problems, and then give you reasonable advice as to the food you should eat or if you should see a doctor. So, in a sense, smart homes will lead us to living smarter lives.2.Create a smart function for your home, and share your creation in the next period.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點,總結(jié)共同點。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個博主, 我已經(jīng)學了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個常見而嚴重的問題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡惡霸的目標。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。
From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.
三、再讀感知,理清結(jié)構(gòu)1.學生大聲朗讀課文,想想:作者是分幾個部分介紹巨人花園的?(三個部分)是按照什么順序?qū)⒉牧洗悠饋淼模浚ㄊ虑榘l(fā)展的順序)哪些地方給你留下了深刻的印象?2.學生以小組為單位交流讀后的收獲,教師巡視指導。3.小組推薦一名同學匯報交流的結(jié)果,其他同學做補充。4.教師總結(jié)。【出示課件6】第一部分(1、2自然段):巨人回來前巨人花園可愛而快樂。第二部分(3-9自然段):巨人回來后驅(qū)趕孩童,花園充滿凄涼和沒有了生機。第三部分(10-15自然段):發(fā)現(xiàn)原因后,巨人歡迎孩子,花園又充滿快樂。5.概括課文的主要內(nèi)容?!境鍪菊n件7】(本文講的是巨人回來前巨人花園漂亮而快樂。巨人回來后驅(qū)趕孩童,花園充滿凄涼,沒有了生機。當弄清原因后,巨人歡迎孩子,花園又充滿快樂。)