現(xiàn)在很多年輕人喜歡晚睡晚起,生活毫無(wú)規(guī)律,早上都不怎么吃早餐。大量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)常不吃早餐會(huì)干擾食物鐘,也會(huì)給健康造成影響。臺(tái)灣研究發(fā)現(xiàn),每周吃早飯次數(shù)低于一次的人,肥胖的幾率更高;哈佛大學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),不吃早餐的人患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也更高;在兒童心血管健康方面的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),長(zhǎng)期不吃早餐還會(huì)增加罹患心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
首先是緯度。越往北桃花開(kāi)得越遲,候鳥(niǎo)也來(lái)得越晚。值得指出的是物候現(xiàn)象南北差異的日數(shù)因季節(jié)的差別而不同。我國(guó)大陸性氣候顯著,冬冷夏熱。冬季南北溫度懸殊,夏季卻相差不大。在春天,早春跟晚春也不相同。如在早春三四月間,南京桃花要比北京早開(kāi)20天,但是到晚春五月初,南京刺槐開(kāi)花只比北京早10天。所以在華北常感覺(jué)到春季短促,冬天結(jié)束,夏天就到了。
秦王謂唐雎曰:“寡人以五百里之地易安陵,安陵君不聽(tīng)寡人,何也?且秦滅韓亡魏,而君以五十里之地存者,以君為長(zhǎng)者,故不錯(cuò)意也。今吾以十倍之地,請(qǐng)廣于君,而君逆寡人者,輕寡人與?”唐雎對(duì)曰:“否,非若是也。安陵君受地于先王而守之,雖千里不敢易也,豈直五百里哉?”
我大學(xué)畢業(yè)留在了三十里外的省城,其他兄弟幾個(gè)則繼承了母親經(jīng)商的天分,在縣城營(yíng)生,都已經(jīng)與種地不相干了。我們有了足夠的力量盡孝,勞碌了一輩子的母親被各家搶著邀請(qǐng),心安理得地享受贍養(yǎng)。但父親一直拒絕我們的供奉,仿佛我們拿給他的吃穿用品,是偷來(lái)的搶來(lái)的。此外,他也不愿意和我們多交流。濉河中的卵石被父親一塊塊地挖出,堆砌在河灘地的四周,圈起了一座“城池”。日曬雨淋,寒暑易節(jié),他始終把自己圈在里面,像繡花一樣走針引線。幾乎到他去世,父親都在努力表明他是在靠他的土地生活。
擺上桌的是:一盤(pán)肥腴的整雞,是蒸的,配有一碗湯;一盤(pán)風(fēng)干豬肉片,切得有一厘米厚,肥的白、瘦的紅,咸香氣饞人;芹菜炒豆腐干,在盤(pán)子里堆得老高,還有一碗山藥排骨湯。這一組粗、土、簡(jiǎn)、拙的農(nóng)家菜品,就是小時(shí)候去鄉(xiāng)下舅舅家里吃的啊,舅媽的廚藝,還比這要精細(xì)很多,哪會(huì)把肉片切得這么厚。
西大灘加油站到了,這是離藏區(qū)最近的青海加油站,海拔4150米,周圍都是無(wú)邊無(wú)垠的荒原。路過(guò)這里的司機(jī),無(wú)論多晚,只要叫一聲老韓,一個(gè)瘦小的男人就顛顛地奔出,披著軍大衣,雙手習(xí)慣性地?cái)n在腰間。到了近前,老韓解開(kāi)大衣紐扣,原來(lái)懷中藏著的是一只熱水袋。寒潮一過(guò)境,加油站上就刮著吹哨子—般的寒風(fēng),氣溫很快降到零下20攝氏度,加油槍就容易被凍住,得用熱水袋把它慢慢暖開(kāi)。
三、文本中的句子解決完畢,大家對(duì)文本內(nèi)容的理解更加深入了。請(qǐng)速度文本,思考:《論語(yǔ)》具體涉及了哪些方面的內(nèi)容,體現(xiàn)了孔子什么觀點(diǎn)?明確:主要有治學(xué)、從政、修身養(yǎng)性和交友治道等方面,體現(xiàn)了孔子“克己復(fù)禮”的思想。四、 教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論: 如何評(píng)價(jià)孔子的言行和觀點(diǎn)?從古至今人們對(duì)孔子有哪些評(píng)價(jià)?明確:1、春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代, 孔子門(mén)人及其后學(xué)者均推尊孔子。門(mén)人中以子貢為代表,他對(duì)孔子贊美備至,奉如天人,把孔子比擬為高天、日月、木鐸,凡人是永遠(yuǎn)不可企及的,認(rèn)為孔子是天生的圣人,“仰之彌高,鉆之彌堅(jiān)”。亞圣孟子認(rèn)為孔子所行的“圣人之道”是遍及自然界和社會(huì)的至高準(zhǔn)則。然而當(dāng)時(shí)民間一般看法認(rèn)為孔子是博學(xué)成名的大學(xué)者。
五、勞動(dòng)保險(xiǎn)1、甲方和乙方按照自治區(qū)和當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裾囊?guī)定繳納養(yǎng)老等社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。2、乙方患病、工傷、致殘、死亡等待遇,按照國(guó)家和自治區(qū)的有關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
我認(rèn)為這首詩(shī),一共三節(jié),每節(jié)句數(shù)、字?jǐn)?shù)相當(dāng),結(jié)構(gòu)工整,符合建筑美的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)也使詩(shī)歌具有了節(jié)奏感;另外這首詩(shī)音韻和諧,朗朗上口。我認(rèn)為這首詩(shī)相同句式回環(huán)往復(fù),給人留下深刻印象。我認(rèn)為此詩(shī)語(yǔ)言猶如清水出芙蓉,清麗淡雅,營(yíng)造了唯美純凈的世界。…………師:節(jié)奏把握這一技巧相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單,大家的創(chuàng)作和點(diǎn)評(píng)都很有水準(zhǔn),很好。希望大家在以后課余的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作中能兼顧到我們現(xiàn)在所談的技巧?!驹O(shè)計(jì)意圖】講詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)作技巧,既要講出最關(guān)鍵的技巧,也要結(jié)合實(shí)例,讓講解深入淺出,讓學(xué)生在理解的同時(shí)加以訓(xùn)練,使學(xué)生能夠加深對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的理解。三、課內(nèi)演練,鞏固技法 學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)課的技法之后,請(qǐng)大家寫(xiě)一首詩(shī)或一個(gè)詩(shī)歌片段,要求運(yùn)用本節(jié)課所講的詩(shī)歌寫(xiě)作技巧。(學(xué)生思考創(chuàng)作并展示)
例如《你是山間的清泉》《你是天空的雄鷹》《你是三春暉》《你是燃燒的紅燭》等。先想好歌頌的對(duì)象,再展開(kāi)聯(lián)想、想象,結(jié)合事物的特點(diǎn),融入自己的情感。如要寫(xiě)“母親”,想想由母親的特質(zhì)可以聯(lián)想到什么具體形象,如從母親的勤勞想到老黃牛,從母親對(duì)孩子無(wú)私的愛(ài)和付出聯(lián)想到陽(yáng)光、雨露、蠟燭等。 范文引路:五、課后鞏固,布置作業(yè)(福建漳州)題目:守護(hù) (將題目補(bǔ)充完整,然后作文)要求:(1)文體不限,字?jǐn)?shù)不少于600字(詩(shī)歌不少于30行)。(2)不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)人名、校名。(3)字跡工整,卷面整潔。 寫(xiě)作點(diǎn)撥:預(yù)設(shè):本題是半命題作文題,題目“守護(hù)”是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面可以跟賓主,如“快樂(lè)”“向往”“媽媽”“歌聲”等,或抽象或具體,都可以,還可以擬題“守護(hù)者”等?!笆刈o(hù)”分為幾個(gè)層面:誰(shuí)守護(hù)?守護(hù)什么?怎樣守護(hù)?守護(hù)結(jié)果如何?如此等等??梢宰プ∑渲幸粋€(gè)層面,寫(xiě)敘事詩(shī)、抒情詩(shī)、論辯色彩濃郁的詩(shī)等。從題目要求看,詩(shī)歌不少于30行,這么長(zhǎng)的詩(shī)歌適合分為幾個(gè),通過(guò)幾個(gè)片段、鏡頭、故事、感想等來(lái)表現(xiàn)主題。
教師提示:1.這句話的本體不是一般意義上的“中國(guó)詩(shī)”,即不是指中國(guó)詩(shī)歌中的某一類作品或某位詩(shī)人的作品,而是指中國(guó)詩(shī)的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)。早熟,是指“純粹的抒情詩(shī)的精髓和峰極,在中國(guó)詩(shī)里出現(xiàn)得異常之早”;早衰,是指“中國(guó)詩(shī)一蹴而至崇高的境界,以后就缺乏變化,而且逐漸腐化”(腐化,是對(duì)詩(shī)的思想內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)價(jià)值而言的)。這句話,借助比喻和比喻中的對(duì)比(“早熟”與“早衰”),從詩(shī)歌發(fā)展的角度,簡(jiǎn)要地說(shuō)明了中國(guó)詩(shī)的藝術(shù)特征和由此產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響。2.這句話有兩層意思:一是借梵文的《百喻經(jīng)》闡釋中國(guó)的藝術(shù)和思想體構(gòu)上的缺欠,旨在批評(píng);二是點(diǎn)明造成這種缺欠的根本原因。“一個(gè)印度愚人要住三層樓而不許匠人造底下兩層”這樣的建筑物就是“飄飄凌云的空中樓閣”,作者以此作喻,批評(píng)中國(guó)的藝術(shù)和思想體構(gòu)缺乏嚴(yán)密的邏輯性,往往脫離客觀實(shí)際,沒(méi)有堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),其結(jié)果必定影響藝術(shù)的健康、穩(wěn)定地發(fā)展。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時(shí)間 教師活動(dòng) 學(xué)生活動(dòng) 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問(wèn)題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時(shí)教師用漢語(yǔ)問(wèn):“在周末期間問(wèn)你干了什么?這句話用英語(yǔ)這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書(shū)、學(xué)習(xí))
所需要用到的句子:Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中的人類Step one: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中的人類的外貌。把全班同學(xué)分成若干小組,學(xué)生可以邊說(shuō)邊在紙上畫(huà)出他們的模樣。Step two: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中人類的性格。學(xué)生們可以把那些能描述性格的單詞寫(xiě)在圖畫(huà)的旁邊。Step three: 每組選出一名同學(xué),其他同組同學(xué)提問(wèn),他作簡(jiǎn)單回答,并說(shuō)明原因。所需用到的句子:What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑戰(zhàn)性活動(dòng)調(diào)查性格是天生的還是后天形成的,讓每個(gè)同學(xué)回家去調(diào)查一下自己成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中性格是否有變化,具體是怎樣的,為什么會(huì)這樣? Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書(shū),教讀)教師把這些句子板書(shū)在黑板上,并請(qǐng)學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō):These are our school rules. (板書(shū),教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書(shū),教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖,完成1a的內(nèi)容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽(tīng)錄音,完成1b,選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽(tīng)之前,學(xué)生要讀會(huì)英文名。c. 請(qǐng)兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學(xué)生兩人一組對(duì)話表演,SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學(xué)生可經(jīng)過(guò)討論,多說(shuō)出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書(shū)上;教師應(yīng)給予幫助)2) 第二課時(shí)(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽(tīng)第一遍時(shí),完成2a;第二遍時(shí),完成2b;b. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動(dòng)的要求;分成小組針對(duì)2a進(jìn)行問(wèn)答;
三、教學(xué)建議第一課時(shí):1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思:新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來(lái)輔助教學(xué),效果更好。同時(shí)讓了解其他國(guó)家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點(diǎn)評(píng):采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式,在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來(lái)輔助教學(xué),效果更好。讓了解其他國(guó)家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。
單元整體說(shuō)明(一)單元教材分析本單元的核心話題是描述動(dòng)物和表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動(dòng)物,表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好。(二)單元知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.詞匯動(dòng)物名稱 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.國(guó)家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)單元整體目標(biāo)1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)單元教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)一覽(五)單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句句型,具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識(shí)的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動(dòng)物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望,這有利于本單元知識(shí)的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)做某事的步驟的一種說(shuō)法。如果步驟較多,還可以說(shuō):first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會(huì)聽(tīng)到說(shuō)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人在說(shuō) first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時(shí),他們會(huì)做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽(tīng)者接下來(lái)講的是一系列的步驟。這一點(diǎn)在朗讀和聽(tīng)力中應(yīng)特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問(wèn)詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請(qǐng)看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學(xué)們常犯如下錯(cuò)誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語(yǔ),故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡(jiǎn)記為:前how many:?jiǎn)枴岸嗌佟?,?fù)數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問(wèn)“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語(yǔ)用基數(shù)詞,后者答語(yǔ)用數(shù)量關(guān)系。