有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價值精神與社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求結(jié)合起來,批判地繼承計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對其進(jìn)行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個主要特點。其一,強(qiáng)調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點是為了維護(hù)集體成員的正當(dāng)個人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強(qiáng)調(diào)集體至上性、絕對性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對個人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護(hù)各個集體成員的個人利益,實現(xiàn)組成集體的各個主體的自我價值。這種新型的集體主義是對社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下社會關(guān)系的真實反映,既與個人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進(jìn)性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。
1.促使美國成為一個移民國家的因素是:①美洲屬于未開發(fā)的新大陸,需要大量的勞動力;②歐洲失業(yè)工人和破產(chǎn)農(nóng)民增加,人們?yōu)榱俗非蟾玫慕?jīng)濟(jì)待遇遷往美洲;③新航線的開辟為人們順利遷移掃除了障礙;④殖民擴(kuò)張是人口遷移的促進(jìn)因素,加快了人口遷移的過程。導(dǎo)致美國人口在本土范圍內(nèi)頻繁遷移的原因,歸納起來有:第一次人口遷移是戰(zhàn)爭因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化;第四次是經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的變化,即西部和南部新資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和新興工業(yè)的發(fā)展。2.我國古代的人口遷移,深受統(tǒng)治者及其行政力量的束縛。封建帝王為了加強(qiáng)本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事實力,對人口遷移嚴(yán)加控制。只有當(dāng)戰(zhàn)亂發(fā)生的時候,這種控制才得到削弱,人們?yōu)榱硕惚軕?zhàn)亂,尋找安定的生活環(huán)境,不得不進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的遷移。我國近幾十年的人口遷移主要是由生產(chǎn)資料和勞動力數(shù)量上的地區(qū)分布不平衡造成的,是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在起主導(dǎo)作用,與古代的人口遷移截然不同。
解析:(1)把點A(-4,-3)代入y=x2+bx+c得16-4b+c=-3,根據(jù)對稱軸是x=-3,求出b=6,即可得出答案;(2)根據(jù)CD∥x軸,得出點C與點D關(guān)于x=-3對稱,根據(jù)點C在對稱軸左側(cè),且CD=8,求出點C的橫坐標(biāo)和縱坐標(biāo),再根據(jù)點B的坐標(biāo)為(0,5),求出△BCD中CD邊上的高,即可求出△BCD的面積.解:(1)把點A(-4,-3)代入y=x2+bx+c得16-4b+c=-3,∴c-4b=-19.∵對稱軸是x=-3,∴-b2=-3,∴b=6,∴c=5,∴拋物線的解析式是y=x2+6x+5;(2)∵CD∥x軸,∴點C與點D關(guān)于x=-3對稱.∵點C在對稱軸左側(cè),且CD=8,∴點C的橫坐標(biāo)為-7,∴點C的縱坐標(biāo)為(-7)2+6×(-7)+5=12.∵點B的坐標(biāo)為(0,5),∴△BCD中CD邊上的高為12-5=7,∴△BCD的面積=12×8×7=28.方法總結(jié):此題考查了待定系數(shù)法求二次函數(shù)的解析式以及二次函數(shù)的圖象和性質(zhì),注意掌握數(shù)形結(jié)合思想與方程思想的應(yīng)用.
不可知論是否認(rèn)人們認(rèn)識世界或徹底改造世界的可能性的哲學(xué)學(xué)說。此概念首先由英國的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出,不可知論的思想在古代就已產(chǎn)生,歐洲近代的主要代表是休謨和康德。其本質(zhì)是把人的感覺看作是主觀和客觀之間的屏障而不是橋梁,不承認(rèn)在感覺之外有確實可靠的客觀外部世界的存在,不懂得認(rèn)識過程中本質(zhì)與現(xiàn)象、有限與無限的辯證關(guān)系。對不可知論最有力的駁斥是實踐。有時不可知論一詞也用以專指針對宗教教義而提出的一種學(xué)說,認(rèn)為上帝是否存在、靈魂是否不朽是不可知的。2.二元論二元論是認(rèn)為世界有兩個本原的哲學(xué)學(xué)說,與一元論相對立,它把物質(zhì)和意識絕對對立起來,認(rèn)為物質(zhì)和意識是兩個各自獨立、相互平行發(fā)展著的實體,誰也不產(chǎn)生誰,誰也不決定誰,都是世界的本原。它的觀點是錯誤的:它肯定精神不依賴于物質(zhì)而獨立存在,這本身就是唯心主義的觀點;它雖然承認(rèn)物質(zhì)是獨立的本原,但在說明物質(zhì)和精神的關(guān)系時,又把精神說成是唯一具有能動性的力量,必然倒向唯心主義。主要代表人物是法國的笛卡兒和德國的康德。
7、人總是按照自己對周圍世界和人生的理解做事。有人認(rèn)為命由天定,因而身處困境只是消極等待、逆來順受;有人認(rèn)為人定勝天,因而在困難面前積極奮爭、不屈不撓。以上材料說明( )A哲學(xué)源于人們對實踐的追問和對世界的思考B世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)著世界觀C哲學(xué)不等于自發(fā)的世界觀D哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說8、世界觀和方法論的關(guān)系是()A世界觀和方法論相互決定B方法論決定世界觀,世界觀體現(xiàn)方法論 C世界觀決定方法論,方法論體現(xiàn)世界觀 D世界觀和方法論相互影響,相互決定9、下列關(guān)于哲學(xué)、世界觀、具體知識之間聯(lián)系的正確說法是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀和具體知識的統(tǒng)一B哲學(xué)就是科學(xué)的世界觀和具體知識C哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說,是具體知識的概括和總結(jié)D哲學(xué)決定世界觀,世界觀決定具體知識10、下列對哲學(xué)的認(rèn)識,不正確的是()A哲學(xué)是關(guān)于世界觀的學(xué)說B哲學(xué)是世界觀和方法論的統(tǒng)一C哲學(xué)是理論化、系統(tǒng)化、科學(xué)化的世界觀D哲學(xué)是對具體知識的概括和總結(jié)
在經(jīng)濟(jì)水平較高、工業(yè)地域規(guī)模較大的地區(qū),其發(fā)展?jié)摿瓦h(yuǎn)不一樣,如鋼鐵工業(yè)。鋼鐵工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)過程比較復(fù)雜(如課本圖5.31),需要有相互接近的工廠,不僅包括從事鋼鐵生產(chǎn)各道工序的工廠,如燒結(jié)廠、焦化廠、煉鐵廠、煉鋼廠、軋鋼廠,還包括與鋼鐵生產(chǎn)有聯(lián)系的工廠,如氧氣廠、機(jī)修廠、發(fā)電廠、水泥廠等,總共可達(dá)20~30個工廠。這些工廠集 聚,設(shè)備大,管線長,占地多。因此,這樣形成的工業(yè)地域(鋼鐵工業(yè)區(qū))面積廣,發(fā)育程度高,發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?。這類工業(yè)地域 再加上為方便眾多工人生活所配置的服務(wù)業(yè)和其他工業(yè),在發(fā)展過程中,往往由于工業(yè)地域的擴(kuò)展而形成工業(yè)城市。例如,我國的鞍山(“鋼都”)、攀枝花、馬鞍山、包頭(“草原鋼城”)等鋼鐵工業(yè)城市的形成。除此之外,石油化工區(qū)、機(jī)械制造工業(yè)區(qū)等屬于發(fā)育程度高的工業(yè)地域,也往往擴(kuò)展而形成工業(yè)城市。例如,我國的石油城大慶、克拉瑪依,汽車城十堰等。
[補(bǔ)充]:鄭州是特大城市,我們對燈火通明的夜晚都有深刻的體會,我們都體會過光給他們帶來的好處,而對過多過亮的光帶來的危害則很少認(rèn)真地思考過,且光污染給都市人們和其他生物和環(huán)境帶來的不利影響也越來越大,所以,我在這兒給同學(xué)們補(bǔ)充光污染,目的是提醒他們要增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識,要理解城市在建設(shè)過程中要減少城市各類活動對環(huán)境的污染;另外,隨著城市的不斷發(fā)展,還可能會產(chǎn)生新 的污染物。還培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生用發(fā)展的眼光來看世界。[思考]:如何降低城市化對地理環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響?[答]:發(fā)展生態(tài)城市,使人工環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境和諧統(tǒng)一起來。一方面在城市建設(shè)中,要發(fā)展低污染的節(jié)能建筑和綠色交通,減少城市各類活動對環(huán)境的污染;另一方面使城市景觀盡可能地與山、河、湖、海、植被等自然景觀保持協(xié)調(diào),建立一種良性循環(huán)。
1.這節(jié)課以實驗為依據(jù),采用控制變量的方法進(jìn)行研究。這一方法今后在電學(xué)、熱學(xué)的研究中還要用到。我們根據(jù)已掌握的知識設(shè)計實驗、探索規(guī)律是物體研究的重要方法。2.定義力的單位“牛頓”使得k=1,得到牛頓第二定律的簡單形式F=ma。使用簡捷的數(shù)學(xué)語言表達(dá)物理規(guī)律是物理學(xué)的特征之一,但應(yīng)知道它所對應(yīng)的文字內(nèi)容和意義。3.牛頓第二定律概括了運動和力的關(guān)系。物體所受合外力恒定,其加速度恒定;合外力為零,加速度為零。即合外力決定了加速度,而加速度影響著物體的運動情況。因此,牛頓第二定律是把前兩章力和物體的運動構(gòu)成一個整體,其中的紐帶就是加速度。四、評價方案及說明1、對科學(xué)知識與技能的評價要注重科學(xué)內(nèi)容的理解與應(yīng)用,而不是單純記憶。技能的評價目標(biāo)包括觀察技能、實驗技能等方面。對科學(xué)的技能的評價要盡量融合在科學(xué)探究過程的情景中。對科學(xué)知識的評價主要從兩方面,一是根據(jù)學(xué)生診斷性練習(xí);二是通過學(xué)生作業(yè)反映學(xué)生掌握情況。
最富趣味的是荷蘭藝術(shù)家埃舍爾,他到西班牙旅行參觀時,對一種名為阿罕拉的建筑物有很深的印象,這是一種十三世紀(jì)皇宮建筑物,其墻身、地板和天花板由摩爾人建造,而且鋪了種類繁多、美侖美奐的馬賽克圖案。Escher用數(shù)日的時間復(fù)制了這些圖案,并得到了啟發(fā),創(chuàng)造了各種并不局限于幾何圖案的密鋪圖案,這些圖案包括人、青蛙、魚、鳥、蜥蜴,甚至是他憑空想象的物體。他創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)作品,結(jié)合數(shù)學(xué)與藝術(shù),給人留下深刻的印象,更讓人對數(shù)學(xué)產(chǎn)生了另一種看法。欣賞埃舍爾的藝術(shù)世界:2、動手創(chuàng)作。(小小設(shè)計師)看了大藝術(shù)家的作品,你現(xiàn)在是不是也有了創(chuàng)作的沖動?下面,請你選一種或幾種完全一樣的圖形進(jìn)行密鋪,可以自己設(shè)計顏色,比一比,誰的設(shè)計更美觀、更新穎。(交流,展示)四、總結(jié):談收獲體會我們今天只是研究了一些規(guī)則圖形的簡單的密鋪。生活中還有各種各樣的密鋪現(xiàn)象。同學(xué)們可以到生活中去觀察,也可以上網(wǎng)瀏覽。
密鋪的歷史背景1619年——數(shù)學(xué)家奇柏(J.Kepler)第一個利用正多邊形鋪嵌平面。1891年——蘇聯(lián)物理學(xué)家弗德洛夫(E.S.Fedorov)發(fā)現(xiàn)了十七種不同的鋪砌平面的對稱圖案。 1924年——數(shù)學(xué)家波利亞(Polya)和尼格利(Nigeli)重新發(fā)現(xiàn)這個事實。最富趣味的是荷蘭藝術(shù)家埃舍爾(M.C. Escher)與密鋪。M.C. Escher于1898年生于荷蘭。他到西班牙旅行參觀時,對一種名為阿罕伯拉宮(Alhambra)的建筑有很深刻的印象,這是一種十三世紀(jì)皇宮建筑物,其墻身、地板和天花板由摩爾人建造,而且鋪上了種類繁多、美輪美奐的馬賽克圖案。Escher 用數(shù)日復(fù)制了這些圖案,并得到啟發(fā),創(chuàng)造了各種并不局限于幾何圖形的密鋪圖案,這些圖案包括魚、青蛙、狗、人、蜥蜴,甚至是他憑空想像的物體。他創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)作品,結(jié)合了數(shù)學(xué)與藝術(shù),給人留下深刻印象,更讓人對數(shù)學(xué)產(chǎn)生另一種看法。
為城市居民提供休養(yǎng)生息的場所,是城市最基本的功能區(qū).城市中最為廣泛的土地利用方式就是住宅用地.一般住宅區(qū)占據(jù)城市空間的40%—60%。(閱讀圖2.3)請同學(xué)講解高級住宅區(qū)與低級住宅區(qū)的差別(學(xué)生答)(教師總結(jié))(教師講解)另外還有行政區(qū)、文化區(qū)等。而在中小城市,這些部門占地面積很小,或者布局分散,形成不了相應(yīng)的功能 區(qū)。(教師提問)我們把城市功能區(qū)分了好幾種,比如說住宅區(qū),是不是土地都是被居住地占據(jù)呢?是不是就沒有其他的功能了呢?(學(xué)生回答)不是(教師總結(jié))不是的。我們說的住宅區(qū)只是在占地面積上,它是占絕大多數(shù),但還是有土地是被其它功能占據(jù)的,比如說住宅區(qū)里的商店、綠化等也要占據(jù)一定的土地, 只是占的比例比較小而已。下面請看書上的活動題。
二十年前,我們還是~~學(xué)校的學(xué)子,在母校的養(yǎng)育下,在老師們的辛勤栽培中,我們一步步的成長為一名名出色的畢業(yè)生?;仡櫮侨甑臅r間,那真是一段既美好又短暫的時光,那是我們共同生活的時光。比起這二十年來,這三年的長度也許遙不可及,但是無論我們在這二十年里經(jīng)歷了多少,這三年,依舊是我們最為美好的記憶!
尊敬的各位老師、親愛的同學(xué)們:今天我演講的題目是:做文明學(xué)生,創(chuàng)和諧校園。文明是文明是一種習(xí)慣,他體現(xiàn)著人們的生活態(tài)度;文明是一種精神,他體現(xiàn)著人們的風(fēng)貌;文明是一種素質(zhì),告別昨日的無知和粗俗……在我們身邊,在一部分同學(xué)身上,還存在著一些不文明的行為。例如,在我們的校園內(nèi)總能見到與我們美麗的校園極不和諧的紙屑和食品包裝袋,甚至有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為:反正有值日的同學(xué)做清潔工作打掃,扔了又何妨;再例如有的同學(xué)在教學(xué)樓走廊上追逐打鬧,走路推推搡搡習(xí)以為常;還有部分同學(xué)相互之間講臟話、粗話。
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】知識目標(biāo):理解直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程、橫截距、縱截距的概念;掌握直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.能力目標(biāo):通過求解直線的點斜式方程和斜截式方程,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)思維能力與數(shù)形結(jié)合的數(shù)學(xué)思想.情感目標(biāo):通過學(xué)習(xí)直線的點斜式方程和斜截式方程,體會數(shù)形結(jié)合的直觀感受.【教學(xué)重點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學(xué)難點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.
【教學(xué)重點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學(xué)難點】直線的點斜式方程、斜截式方程的確定.【教學(xué)過程】1、對特殊三角函數(shù)進(jìn)行鞏固復(fù)習(xí);表1 內(nèi)特殊三角函數(shù)值 不存在圖1 特殊三角形2、鞏固復(fù)習(xí)直線的傾斜角和斜率相關(guān)內(nèi)容;直線的傾斜角:,;直線的斜率: , ;設(shè)點為直線l上的任意兩點,當(dāng)時,
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動動作(該動作在說話的瞬間未必正在進(jìn)行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(說話時,并不一定正在進(jìn)行)3.表示一種經(jīng)常性的被動行為,常和always,constantly 等表示頻度的副詞連用,這種用法常常帶有贊揚或厭惡的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4.表示按計劃或安排主語將要承受謂語動詞所表示的動作(僅限于少數(shù)及物動詞)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)時, 其中的介詞不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2.可與部分情態(tài)動詞連用,表示對正在發(fā)生的事情的推測。She may be being punished by her mother.3.有時可表示按計劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的一個被動動作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4.某些表示“狀態(tài)、心理活動、存在”等的動詞,如have,want,need,love,一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài),而常用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。With the population increasing,more land is needed.5.“be+under/in+n.”可表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動意義。My computer is under repair.=My computer is being repaired.
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.