-
人教版高中語文必修1《論語》教案2篇
【教學(xué)意圖】要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，必須閱讀古詩文名著名篇。但在中國(guó)文化形成過程中影響最大的是什么？可以說是儒家學(xué)說，包括《論語》這部經(jīng)典。《論語》等書是讀書人求仕做官的必修課本，是知識(shí)分子的思想言行基礎(chǔ)，而且影響到整個(gè)社會(huì)生活，內(nèi)容包括倫理道德、教育體制、民間習(xí)俗等方面的思想。因此，要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，有必要讀一讀《論語》?！窘虒W(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】因《論語》的年代已久遠(yuǎn)，對(duì)學(xué)生而言，要理解透徹文句是比較深?yuàn)W困難的，因此必須在充分理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)《論語》進(jìn)行思想上的解讀?？捎山處煆摹墩撜Z》中概括出幾點(diǎn)與生活、現(xiàn)實(shí)相關(guān)的要點(diǎn)，要求學(xué)生分組進(jìn)行透徹的學(xué)習(xí)和領(lǐng)會(huì)，如“小人與君子”、“學(xué)習(xí)的方法”、“教育的理念”等等?！冀虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)〗讀《論語》知儒家思想?！冀虒W(xué)方法〗講解啟發(fā)、探究梳理、拓展延伸。
人教版高中語文必修1《優(yōu)美的漢字》教案2篇
書法藝術(shù)的繁榮期，是從東漢開始的東漢時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了專門的書法理論著作，最早的書法理論提出者是東西漢之交的揚(yáng)雄第一部書法理論專著是東漢時(shí)期崔瑗的《草書勢(shì)》漢代書法家可分為兩類：一類是漢隸書家，以蔡邕為代表一類是草書家，以杜度、崔瑗、張芝為代表，張芝被后人稱之為“草圣”最能代表漢代書法特色的，莫過於是碑刻和簡(jiǎn)牘上的書法東漢碑刻林立，這一時(shí)期的碑刻，以漢隸刻之，字型方正，法度謹(jǐn)嚴(yán)、波磔分明此時(shí)隸書已登峰造極漢代創(chuàng)興草書，草書的誕生，在書法藝術(shù)的發(fā)展史上有著重大意義它標(biāo)志著書法開始成為一種能夠高度自由的抒發(fā)情感，表現(xiàn)書法家個(gè)性的藝術(shù)草書的最初階段是草隸，到了東漢時(shí)期，草隸進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，形成了章草，后由張芝創(chuàng)立了今草，即草書
人教版高中歷史必修1辛亥革命教案2篇
①從政府人員組成看，南京政府是一個(gè)以資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命派為主體的政府。②從政府頒發(fā)的法令和措施看，這些法令體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主革命的要求，對(duì)于發(fā)展民族資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)、資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主政治和文化教育以及改革社會(huì)風(fēng)氣，都起了積極作用。③從頒布的《中華民國(guó)臨時(shí)約法》看，憲法體現(xiàn)了三權(quán)分立的政治體制，體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主主義的要求，是中國(guó)歷史上第一部資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主憲法，具有反封建專制制度的進(jìn)步意義。（2）從南京臨時(shí)政府的內(nèi)外政策分析南京政府的根本弱點(diǎn)①未徹底地反封建。它沒有采取比較徹底的反對(duì)封建主義的措施，特別是對(duì)封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)——地主階級(jí)土地所有制沒有觸動(dòng)，這樣，南京臨時(shí)政府也就不能真正地把廣大人民群眾動(dòng)員起來，因而缺乏真正的群眾基礎(chǔ)。
人教版高中歷史必修1鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)教案2篇
1．知識(shí)與能力：（1）通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析鑒賞19世紀(jì)以來有代表性的音樂與美術(shù)作品，了解這些作品產(chǎn)生的時(shí)代背景及其藝術(shù)價(jià)值。（2）通過分析世界藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生的歷史背景,可以幫助學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識(shí)人類文化的多樣性、時(shí)代性和民族性，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生結(jié)合歷史背景分析歷史問題的能力。（3）通過對(duì)19世紀(jì)以來的音樂與美術(shù)史實(shí)的分析、綜合、比較、歸納、概括等認(rèn)知活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)歷史思維和解決問題的能力。2．過程與方法：（1）讓學(xué)生在搜集資料、自主探究、合作交流過程中，發(fā)展學(xué)生在社會(huì)中學(xué)習(xí)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)、終身學(xué)習(xí)的能力。（2）通過上網(wǎng)了解藝術(shù)大師及分析鑒賞其各類美術(shù)、音樂作品，感受其藝術(shù)價(jià)值。 （3）思維方法：學(xué)會(huì)知識(shí)遷移，在從感知?dú)v史到不斷積累歷史知識(shí)，進(jìn)而不斷加深對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的理解過程中，提高分析理解問題能力。學(xué)會(huì)善于從不同的角度發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，積極探索解決問題的方法，從而做到論從史出、史論結(jié)合。
人教版高中歷史必修1祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)教案2篇
教材分析改革開放后我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力不斷增強(qiáng)，人民對(duì)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的愿望越來越迫切。本節(jié)課以“一國(guó)兩制”構(gòu)想的提出，香港、澳門的回歸和海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展為中心，說明實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一，完成中華民族復(fù)興是歷史發(fā)展的必然。第一目“‘一國(guó)兩制’構(gòu)想的提出”主要講述了“一國(guó)兩制”的含義及歷史意義。第二目“香港、澳門的回歸”著重講述了香港回歸、澳門回歸的經(jīng)過及歷史意義，這是“一國(guó)兩制”成功的實(shí)踐。第三目“海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展”講述了大陸注重發(fā)展與臺(tái)灣的關(guān)系，促進(jìn)海峽兩岸的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流與合作，打破了幾十年來海峽兩岸的隔絕狀態(tài)，促進(jìn)了祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的進(jìn)程。此外，教材還通過“資料回放”“歷史縱橫”“學(xué)思之窗”等欄目，為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)提供了一些詳細(xì)的史料。在教學(xué)中要分析圖表資料，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解完成祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的復(fù)興，是任何人也阻擋不了的歷史潮流。
人教版高中語文必修1《再別康橋》教案2篇
教學(xué)過程：一、交流誦讀課文技巧?！?jié)奏、韻腳、感情……（5分鐘）二、再讀確定自己的學(xué)習(xí)主題（15分）1、主題提示：音樂美、繪畫美、建筑美簡(jiǎn)介詩歌“三美”追求聞一多先生是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上集詩人、學(xué)者和斗士于一身的重要詩人。他不但致力于新詩藝術(shù)美的探索，提出了音樂美、繪畫美、建筑美的詩歌\"三美\"的新格律詩理論主張，還努力進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐，寫出了許多精美詩篇。他的新格律詩理論被后人稱為現(xiàn)代詩學(xué)的奠基石，影響深遠(yuǎn)?！对姷母衤伞肥锹勔欢嘞壬盗性娬撝凶钪匾囊黄?。在這篇論文中，他系統(tǒng)的提出\"詩的實(shí)力不獨(dú)包括音樂的美（音節(jié)）、繪畫的美（詞藻），并且還有建筑的美（節(jié)的勻稱和句的均齊）。\"這一關(guān)于新詩\"三美\"主張遂成為新格律詩派的理論綱領(lǐng)。
人教版高中語文必修1《奇妙的對(duì)聯(lián)》教案2篇
3、介紹對(duì)聯(lián)的歷史引出本課的重點(diǎn)。人類歷史上的第一副對(duì)聯(lián)是“新年納余慶，嘉節(jié)號(hào)長(zhǎng)春”。出現(xiàn)在五代十國(guó)時(shí)期（公元964年），距離現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有1044年了。有著一千多年歷史的對(duì)聯(lián)有什么基本的特點(diǎn)呢？這是我們這節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)?jiān)谧母魑划?dāng)回醫(yī)生，給下面這幅對(duì)聯(lián)號(hào)號(hào)脈，看它對(duì)仗是否工整？上聯(lián)：冬去春來千條楊柳迎風(fēng)綠下聯(lián)：冰消雪化梅花萬朵撲鼻有什么問題，怎么改？剛才這幾位同學(xué)指出了這幅對(duì)聯(lián)的兩個(gè)問題，也提出了兩條修改意見。第一是下聯(lián)少了一個(gè)字，最好是添加一個(gè)“香”字；第二是下聯(lián)的“梅花萬朵”與上聯(lián)的“千條楊柳”是數(shù)量詞對(duì)名詞，名詞對(duì)數(shù)量詞，對(duì)仗不工整，要調(diào)整為“萬朵梅花”。這樣，數(shù)量詞“萬朵”對(duì)“千條”，名詞“梅花”對(duì)“楊柳”。大家還有沒有不同的看法。這樣我們就可以得出對(duì)聯(lián)的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn)：第一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是上下聯(lián)字?jǐn)?shù)要相等（板書）。就是上聯(lián)有幾個(gè)字，下聯(lián)也要有幾個(gè)字。大家記下來，對(duì)聯(lián)基本要求一，“上下聯(lián)字?jǐn)?shù)相等”。這個(gè)要求是很嚴(yán)格的，一般來說，違反這個(gè)規(guī)則就不成對(duì)聯(lián)了。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Discovering Useful Structure教案
（5）be to do （可以和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用）①表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。②用于時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，表示“如果要……，想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學(xué)生們將在學(xué)校大門口集會(huì)。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功，比必須努力工作。（6）be about to do （不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用） 表示即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學(xué)年開學(xué)在即。（7）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來①表示按時(shí)間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常限于表示位置移動(dòng)的短暫性動(dòng)詞。②在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時(shí)刻表，快點(diǎn)！4026次航班的起飛時(shí)間是下午6點(diǎn)20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡(jiǎn)很匆忙，因?yàn)槿C(jī)場(chǎng)的火車半小時(shí)后出發(fā)。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Reading for Writing教案
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計(jì)劃是一種常見的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險(xiǎn)游等不同類型，因此旅游計(jì)劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。常規(guī)的旅游計(jì)劃需要明確以下幾個(gè)方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for？ Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計(jì)劃的層級(jí)，還需注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)；3.用更高級(jí)的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達(dá)“好”時(shí)，不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達(dá)更具有指向性的詞匯；4.用更高級(jí)的動(dòng)詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading and Thinking教案一
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading For Writing教案
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around–Listening and Speaking教案
無論她說什么都不會(huì)對(duì)我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切，不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其，非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩，我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車廂，結(jié)果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫作：1. _______________ (你要說些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準(zhǔn)備), we have nothing to worry about.
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Reading and Thinking教案
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里，您可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下，深入雨林進(jìn)行探索，欣賞雨林特有的動(dòng)植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸，僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合，即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Discovering Useful Structure教案一
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考：定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用是什么？ 關(guān)系詞有哪些？定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們?cè)谙刃性~和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Listening＆Speaking＆Talking教案
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
人教版高中歷史必修3宋明理學(xué)教案2篇
二、程朱理學(xué)：1、宋代“理學(xué)”的產(chǎn)生：（1）含義：所謂“理學(xué)”，就是用“理學(xué)”一詞來指明當(dāng)時(shí)兩宋時(shí)期所呈現(xiàn)出來的儒學(xué)。廣義的理學(xué)，泛指以討論天道問題為中心的整個(gè)哲學(xué)思潮，包括各種不同的學(xué)派；狹義的理學(xué)，專指程顥、程頤、朱熹為代表的，以“理”為最高范疇的學(xué)說，稱為“程朱理學(xué)”。理學(xué)是北宋政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的理論表現(xiàn)，是中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的結(jié)果，是批判佛、道學(xué)說的產(chǎn)物。他們把“理”或“天理”視作哲學(xué)的最高范疇，認(rèn)為理無所不在，不生不滅，不僅是世界的本原，也是社會(huì)生活的最高準(zhǔn)則。在窮理方法上，程顥“主靜”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“正心誠(chéng)意”；程頤“主敬”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“格物致知”。在人性論上，二程主張“去人欲，存天理”，并深入闡釋這一觀點(diǎn)使之更加系統(tǒng)化。二程學(xué)說的出現(xiàn)，標(biāo)志著宋代“理學(xué)”思想體系的正式形成?！竞献魈骄俊克未袄韺W(xué)”興起的社會(huì)條件：
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)分式的基本性質(zhì)教案
【類型二】 分式的約分約分：(1)－5a5bc325a3bc4；(2)x2－2xyx3－4x2y＋4xy2.解析：先找分子、分母的公因式，然后根據(jù)分式的基本性質(zhì)把公因式約去．解：(1)－5a5bc325a3bc4＝5a3bc3（－a2）5a3bc3·5c＝－a25c；(2)x2－2xyx3－4x2y＋4xy2＝x（x－2y）x（x－2y）2＝1x－2y.方法總結(jié)：約分的步驟；(1)找公因式．當(dāng)分子、分母是多項(xiàng)式時(shí)應(yīng)先分解因式；(2)約去分子、分母的公因式．三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1．分式的基本性質(zhì)：分式的分子與分母都乘以(或除以)同一個(gè)不為零的整式，分式的值不變．2．符號(hào)法則：分式的分子、分母及分式本身，任意改變其中兩個(gè)符號(hào)，分式的值不變；若只改變其中一個(gè)符號(hào)或三個(gè)全變號(hào)，則分式的值變成原分式值的相反數(shù)．本節(jié)課的流程比較順暢，先探究分式的基本性質(zhì)，然后順勢(shì)探究分式變號(hào)法則．在每個(gè)活動(dòng)中，都設(shè)計(jì)了具有啟發(fā)性的問題，對(duì)各個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析、歸納總結(jié)、例題示范、方法指導(dǎo)和變式練習(xí)．一步一步的來完成既定目標(biāo)．整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過程輕松、愉快、和諧、高效.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)不等式的基本性質(zhì)教案
【類型二】 根據(jù)不等式的變形確定字母的取值范圍如果不等式(a＋1)x＜a＋1可變形為x＞1，那么a必須滿足________．解析：根據(jù)不等式的基本性質(zhì)可判斷a＋1為負(fù)數(shù)，即a＋1＜0，可得a＜－1.方法總結(jié)：只有當(dāng)不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，不等號(hào)的方向才改變．三、板書設(shè)計(jì)1．不等式的基本性質(zhì)性質(zhì)1：不等式的兩邊都加上(或減去)同一個(gè)整式，不等號(hào)的方向不變；性質(zhì)2：不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)同一個(gè)正數(shù)，不等號(hào)的方向不變；性質(zhì)3：不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)同一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)，不等號(hào)方向改變．2．把不等式化成“x>a”或“x<a”的形式“移項(xiàng)”依據(jù)：不等式的基本性質(zhì)1；“將未知數(shù)系數(shù)化為1”的依據(jù)：不等式的基本性質(zhì)2、3.本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)不等式的基本性質(zhì)，在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，可與等式的基本性質(zhì)進(jìn)行類比，在運(yùn)用性質(zhì)進(jìn)行變形時(shí)，要注意不等號(hào)的方向是否發(fā)生改變；課堂教學(xué)時(shí)，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽質(zhì)疑，通過練習(xí)中易出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)，提升學(xué)生的自主探究能力.