四、速度和速率學生閱讀教材第18頁相應部分的知識點,讓學生總結.生:速度既有大小,又有方向,是矢量,速度的大小叫速率,教師引導學生看教材第18頁圖1.3—2.觀察汽車的速度計,討論后說出你從表盤上獲取的有用信息。生:汽車的速率.指針指在相應數字的瞬間,就表示汽車在那一瞬時的速率是那個值.生:還可以從表盤上直接讀出公里里程.師:日常生活中的“速度”有時指速度,也有時指速率,要看實際的物理情景。[討論與交流]甲、乙兩位同學用不同的時間圍繞操場跑了一圈,都回到了出發(fā)點,他們的平均速度相同嗎?怎樣比較他們運動的快慢?學生討論,體驗平均速度的缺陷,引入平均速率。生1:位移都是零,平均速度等于位移跟發(fā)生這段位移所用時間的比值,所以他們的平均速度都是零。生2:即使一位同學站在原地不跑,他的平均速度也是零啊,可我們運動會上不是這樣比快慢的,如果這樣,那多不公平啊?
①平動的物體一般可以看作質點做平動的物體,由于物體上各點的運動情況相同,可以用一個點代表整個物體的運動,在這種情況下,物體的大小、形狀就無關緊要了,可以把整個物體當質點。例如:平直公路上行駛的汽車,車身上各部分的運動情況相同,當我們把汽車作為一個整體來研究它的運動的時候,就可以把汽車當作質點。當然,假如我們需要研究汽車輪胎的運動,由于輪胎上各部分運動情況不相同,那就不能把它看作質點了。要注意的是:同一物體在不同情況下有時可看質點,有時不可以看作質點,一列火車從北京開到上海,研究火車的運行的時間,可將火車看成質點,而火車過橋時,計算火車過橋的時間,不可以將火車看成質點。②有轉動但轉動為次要因素例如:研究地球公轉時,可把地球看作質點;研究地球自轉時,不能把地球看作質點。③物體的形狀、大小可忽略再如:乒乓球旋轉對球的運動的較大的影響,運動員在發(fā)球、擊球時都要考慮,就不能把乒乓球簡單看作質點。
1.加速度與力的關系:實驗的基本思路是保持物體的質量不變,測量物體在不同的力的作用下的加速度,分析加速度與力的關系。有了實驗的基本思路,接下去我們就要準備實驗器材,以及為記錄實驗數據而設計一個表格。為了更直觀地判斷加速度與力的數量關系,我們以 為縱坐標、 為橫坐標建立坐標系,根據各組數據在坐標系中描點。如果這些點在一條過原點的直線上,說明 與 成正比,如果不是這樣,則需進一步分析。2.加速度與質量的關系:實驗的基本思路是保持物體所受力不變,測量不同質量的物體在該力作用下的加速度,分析加速度與質量的關系。有了實驗的基本思路,接下去我們就要準備實驗器材,以及為記錄實驗數據而設計一個表格。為了更直觀地判斷加速度與質量的數量關系,我們以 為縱坐標、 為橫坐標建立坐標系,根據各組數據在坐標系中描點,根據擬合的曲線形狀,初步判斷 與 的關系是反比例函數。再把 圖像改畫為 圖像,如果是一條過原點的斜直線,說明自己的猜測是否正確。
一、描述圓周運動的物理量 探究交流 打籃球的同學可能玩過轉籃球,讓籃球在指尖旋轉,展示自己的球技,如圖5-4-1所示.若籃球正繞指尖所在的豎直軸旋轉,那么籃球上不同高度的各點的角速度相同嗎?線速度相同嗎? 【提示】 籃球上各點的角速度是相同的.但由于不同高度的各點轉動時的圓心、半徑不同,由v=ωr可知不同高度的各點的線速度不同.
【點津】 1.不定式的復合結構作目的狀語 ,當不定式或不定式短語有自己的執(zhí)行者時,要用不定式的復合結構?即在不定式或不定式短語之前加 for +名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進來。目的狀語從句與不定式的轉換 英語中的目的狀語從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z作狀語,從而使句子在結構上得以簡化。可分為兩種情況: 1?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時,可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時,要用動詞不定式的復合結構作狀語。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
讀《環(huán)境污染組圖》思考:造成交通擁擠的原因是什么?有什么危害?(原因:汽車的增加、汽車數量與道路狀況的比值越來越大造成的。危害:交通阻塞,導致時間和能源的嚴重浪費,影響城市環(huán)境質量。)3.增加就業(yè)困難,失業(yè)人數增多思考:產生這個問題的原因是什么?(隨著城市化發(fā)展,城市科學技術提高,機器化大生產使勞動者數量要求降低,城市人口本來就未充分就業(yè),再加上鄉(xiāng)村人口大量涌入,導致失業(yè)人數增多。)二、解決辦法:(以上海市為例,講解解決的辦法。)1.改善城市環(huán)境:治理河流、控制大氣污染物、大力加強綠化建設為改善城市環(huán)境,上海市全面展開對大氣、河流、噪聲等多方面的治理工作。如蘇州河的治理、降低城市污染物濃度、加強綠化建設,截止1990年,市區(qū)綠化覆蓋率達到20.3%。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
(2)猜猜看每次請一個同學在黑板上畫一種剛學到的物品,他每畫一筆,就請班上的同學用英語猜他畫的是什么。如猜得正確,就請下一位同學再重新開始畫另一種物品。(3)Let’s rhyme.將所學的單詞替換第一單元的Let’s chant中的文具。教師將全班分為兩大組,教師舉圖片提示,如第一組說:I have a balloon.第二組一起說:Me too. 拍手,舉第二幅圖時兩組交換。以此類推。(4)教師將單詞的圖片先面朝上貼在黑板上,給學生20秒時間記住這些單詞,然后每張圖卡用1張彩色紙蓋上。學生要先說出彩色紙的顏色,再說出下面卡上的詞。待學生熟悉后,可加大游戲難度,將蓋著彩色紙的圖卡在(黑板上)打亂,進行游戲。(5)讓學生聽錄音,邊說邊做Let’s do部分的活動。(6)教師將Let’s do中的圖卡打亂順序,貼在黑板上,教師說一個指令,請學生指出正確的圖片。正確的可為本組贏一分。
(3)通過游戲Simon says 來練習以show, open, close, put, carry 所引導的祈使句。教師發(fā)指令學生做動作。但只有聽到老師帶有Simon says的指令時,才能做出相應的動作,否則就是失敗。失敗的同學退出游戲。(4)聽Let's chant的錄音,學生邊聽邊做,逐漸過渡成邊聽邊說邊做,最后獨立說做,并進行比賽。4. 課堂評價(Assessment)做活動手冊本單元第5部分練習。學生根據錄音,圈出所聽到的文具。具體方法和步驟參考如下:(1)學生看圖,用英語說出圖中每樣文具物品。(2)教師講解題目的意思并指導做的方法。(3)學生聽錄音做練習。(4)再放錄音,在教師的指導下讓學生一句一句地跟讀并互相核對答案,并說出所圈的文具,再通過給花朵涂色進行自我評價。5. 擴展性活動(Extensive activities)選詞游戲。將學生分為六組,每組各派一個選手,教師說單詞,選手快步跑到講臺前,找到所說單詞,并舉起大聲讀出,正確為勝。
教師將本課A、B部分所學單詞的圖片卡貼在黑板上,找兩個學生各手持一把新蒼蠅拍,教師讀出一個單詞,學生就要馬上找出來并拍立一下。第一個拍的學生獲勝。(4)教師準備一個小場景:將所有學過的食品及飲料或模型放在一個鋪著臺布的桌上,請學生根據A、B部分的Let’s talk進行自由會話。2.新課展示(Presentation)(1)本課時Let’ s learn中的單詞認讀教學,可繼續(xù)采用A部分第二課時的教學方法,利用課件,讓學生利用已掌握的拼讀規(guī)則,認讀和學習新單詞。(2)讓學生聽Let’s learn的錄音,一邊聽,一邊指著書上相應的圖,力求做到“眼到,手到,口到,心到”。(3)用一組連貫的動作教Let’s do中的動詞Pour,smell,taste,drink。首先,教師左手端著一個茶壺,右手拿一茶杯,對全班說:Look!I’m pouring the tea. Pour the tea.(邊倒茶,邊說兩遍)。
3 趣味操練 (Practice)(1)請學生拿出他們事先準備的材料,指導學生按步驟進行搖搖樂的制作,每句話中的第一個動作都是教師要強調的部分,一定要配合手勢,幫助學生理解和記憶。教師可適當給學生充分的時間,讓學生用顏色筆將搖搖樂畫得更漂亮些,有條件的話,可以用相機將學生的作品拍下來,有機會可以展覽。(2)讓學生跟著錄音一起唱歌曲 Happy New Year,可以在唱歌時打節(jié)拍或邊唱邊舞。4 課堂評價 (Assessment) 做活動手冊本單元4、5 部分的練習。本次評價要與課本上的4—6單元評價相結合,讓學生自己動手填寫評價表,評價自己。5 擴展性活動(Add-activities)新年的時候將歌曲 Happy New Year唱給爺爺奶奶,爸爸媽媽聽,祝賀他們新年快樂!板書設計:Recycle 2Let’s make 部分的制作流程圖Happy New Year! (一月一日的日歷)
1.能夠聽、說、讀、寫字母H h, Ii,并能聽說認讀以這些字母為首字母的單詞:hamburger, hot dog ,ice-cream, ice.2.聽懂Let’s do 中的字母和短語,并做出相應的動作。如:A B C, look and see.3.聽懂Story time 的內容。教學重點 掌握字母H h, I i單詞:hamburger, hot dog ,ice-cream, ice。教學難點 1.能夠聽懂一些指令性短語,并做出相應的動作。2. Story time 的內容教具準備 1.本課時相關的單詞卡和圖片2. 教材相配套的教學錄音帶導學過程 二次備課預習提綱1. 課前了解一些食物英語的名稱。2. 課前先讓學生復習三年級上冊FoodPart A Let’s Learn 部分的單詞:cake ,bread, chicken…一.熱身/復習(warming up)1. 游戲:找朋友將學過的七個字母按大小寫分開,一部分學生拿大寫字母卡,一部分拿小寫字母卡。讓拿大寫字母卡的學生分別起立讀出手中的字母,那對應小寫字母卡的學生跟到他前方舉起手中的字母,說:I’m… 兩人握手2.讓學生聽三年級上冊Part A Let’s Learn部分的錄音,了解相關的食物的名稱。.
1、本單元要求會聽,說,認讀的單詞: Window board light picture door floor classroom computer wall teacher’s desk fan what in the we have new go where2、本單元要求會聽,說的單詞和詞組: Many our seat near classmate cleanhave a look good idea all right good job3、幫助學生在掌握單詞的基礎上造出句子,編出對話,學以致用。 4、培養(yǎng)學生用英語交流的能力,為學生的進一步學習奠定基礎。 二、教學要求 1、能聽懂、會說,會用每一課會話。 2、掌握本單元出現的生詞,詞組和字母。 3、會唱本單元的歌曲。 三、教學重點和難點 1、對于較長的單詞如classroom, classmate, computer的掌握以及對于第一次出現的詞組和短語如have a look, good job的掌握。2、對于禮貌用語“Thank you , Excuse me, After you”的掌握與應用。 3、描述教室中所有物件,并能據此編出對話。 四、教學時間 本單元共6課時,每周3課時,2周完成。 Lesson 1 1.Teaching Aims Let the students master the words: window, classroom, floor, light, door, board, and picture. When they see the objects, they can recognize and read them and do the action about them.
(二)新課呈現:學生以小組的形式指著掛圖匯報,每組只談論一種動物。(教師為盡可能多的學生提供對話機會,鼓勵學生盡可能不重復別人說過的。)在對話的過程中,教師將單詞卡片cat,dog,rabbit,duck,pig適時呈現給學生,讓學生拼讀單詞。然后啟發(fā)學生將每個單詞中的元音字母的發(fā)音說出來,從而幫助學生記憶單詞,同時為Pronunciation的教學進行鋪墊。教師適當講解單詞拼寫中需特別注意的地方。rabbit雙寫b;duck中ck發(fā)[k]的音。做找朋友的游戲:方法一:教師說單詞:cat,dog,rabbit,duck,pig,分別請五個學生站到前面做出5種動物的動作;將5個單詞的卡片面朝下分別發(fā)給5個學生,教師說Start!5名學生分別翻開卡片,根據單詞意思到前面去找自己的朋友。教師對完成準確而且速度快的同學進行表揚。方法二:教師將cat,dog,rabbit,duck,pig的圖片和單詞卡片分別發(fā)給十個同學,看看誰能在最快的時間內找到自己的朋友。教師要表揚配合最密切的兩個同學。
第一課時教學設計教學內容:Read and act教學目標:1.通過游戲及籌備野炊的過程,在實際情景中復習有關天氣、蔬菜、水果、食物的單詞以及句型:What’s the weather like in…..?How much is/ are …?What do you have ? I have … .I want … .2.能聽懂、會說句型:Tomorrow will be … .Let’s go shopping. What do you want to bring? Let’s have a picnic tomorrow.教學重點:能聽、說、認讀句型:I want … .I have….教學難點:在實際情景中靈活運用Read and act 中的主要句型。教學準備:1.教師準備錄音機、磁帶和一張大購物單。2.教師準備有關蔬菜、食物、水果和天氣的圖卡和詞卡。3.學生以小組為單位準備一份購物單。教學過程:一、Preparation1.Sing the song :The Coat in the Window.(P66 Unit5 Let’s sing)2.復習有關蔬菜、食物和水果的單詞。(蔬菜指的是第六單元中學過的;水果主要復習本課時涉及到的幾種常見的即可。)在復習的過程中教師可先出示詞卡,讓學生認讀,并讓學生試著說出意思,然后教師出示圖卡進行確認。同時教師在黑板上寫出shop的字樣,把復習過的蔬菜和水果的圖卡依次貼到黑板上。
教學重點:Read and write 中的四個四會單詞以及問句“Is this a teacher’s desk?”及其答句“Yes, it is.”在四線格中的正確書寫。教學難點:拼讀單詞picture,在四線格中書寫句型“Is this a …?”以及總結元音字母a的發(fā)音規(guī)則。教具準備:1.與教材內容相關的課件、聲音、圖片等媒體素材。2.教師準備相關的詞卡。3.學生準備白紙和彩筆。教學過程(35sk. c om整理):(一)熱身/復習(Warm-up/Revision)1.師生合唱該單元的歌曲和歌謠,邊歌邊舞。2.請學生表演Story time中的對話。3.猜謎語:教師給學生出一些簡單的謎語,如:Jack is in a room. There are many books in it. He can see many students. They are reading books. They are quiet. Where is Jack?(二)呈現新課 (Presentation)1.請學生觀察Read and write部分的情景圖,預先空出來需要書寫的四會單詞,讓學生獨立思考,填充對話。
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