【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語(yǔ)。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分,只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
You have no excuse for not going.你沒(méi)有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動(dòng)詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)詞ing②名詞所有格+動(dòng)詞ing③代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞ing④名詞+動(dòng)詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來(lái)幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個(gè)嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門(mén)聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無(wú)生命名詞無(wú)論是作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎(jiǎng)使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒(méi)能按時(shí)來(lái)。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔(dān)心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來(lái)給我們舉辦一場(chǎng)演唱會(huì)。
1.直觀圖:表示空間幾何圖形的平面圖形,叫做空間圖形的直觀圖直觀圖往往與立體圖形的真實(shí)形狀不完全相同,直觀圖通常是在平行投影下得到的平面圖形2.給出直觀圖的畫(huà)法斜二側(cè)畫(huà)法觀察:矩形窗戶在陽(yáng)光照射下留在地面上的影子是什么形狀?眺望遠(yuǎn)處成塊的農(nóng)田,矩形的農(nóng)田在我們眼里又是什么形狀呢?3. 給出斜二測(cè)具體步驟(1)在已知圖形中取互相垂直的X軸Y軸,兩軸相交于O,畫(huà)直觀圖時(shí),把他們畫(huà)成對(duì)應(yīng)的X'軸與Y'軸,兩軸交于O'。且使∠X'O'Y'=45°(或135°)。他們確定的平面表示水平面。(2)已知圖形中平行于X軸或y軸的線段,在直觀圖中分別畫(huà)成平行于X'軸或y'軸的線段。(3)已知圖形中平行于X軸的線段,在直觀圖中保持原長(zhǎng)度不變,平行于Y軸的線段,在直觀圖中長(zhǎng)度為原來(lái)一半。4.對(duì)斜二測(cè)方法進(jìn)行舉例:對(duì)于平面多邊形,我們常用斜二測(cè)畫(huà)法畫(huà)出他們的直觀圖。如圖 A'B'C'D'就是利用斜二測(cè)畫(huà)出的水平放置的正方形ABCD的直觀圖。其中橫向線段A'B'=AB,C'D'=CD;縱向線段A'D'=1/2AD,B'C'=1/2BC;∠D'A'B'=45°,這與我們的直觀觀察是一致的。5.例一:用斜二測(cè)畫(huà)法畫(huà)水平放置的六邊形的直觀圖(1)在六邊形ABCDEF中,取AD所在直線為X軸,對(duì)稱軸MN所在直線為Y軸,兩軸交于O',使∠X'oy'=45°(2)以o'為中心,在X'上取A'D'=AD,在y'軸上取M'N'=½MN。以點(diǎn)N為中心,畫(huà)B'C'平行于X'軸,并且等于BC;再以M'為中心,畫(huà)E'F'平行于X‘軸并且等于EF。 (3)連接A'B',C'D',E'F',F'A',并擦去輔助線x軸y軸,便獲得正六邊形ABCDEF水平放置的直觀圖A'B'C'D'E'F' 6. 平面圖形的斜二測(cè)畫(huà)法(1)建兩個(gè)坐標(biāo)系,注意斜坐標(biāo)系夾角為45°或135°;(2)與坐標(biāo)軸平行或重合的線段保持平行或重合;(3)水平線段等長(zhǎng),豎直線段減半;(4)整理.簡(jiǎn)言之:“橫不變,豎減半,平行、重合不改變。”
(六)說(shuō)教學(xué)策略1.專題性海量的媒介信息必須加以選擇或者整合,以項(xiàng)目為依據(jù),進(jìn)行信息篩選,形成專題性閱讀與交流;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)文本信息“化零為整”的能力,提升跨媒介閱讀與交流學(xué)習(xí)的充實(shí)感。2.情境化情境教學(xué)應(yīng)指向?qū)W生的應(yīng)用,建構(gòu)富有符合時(shí)代氣息的內(nèi)容,與生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)更加貼合,對(duì)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言建構(gòu)與運(yùn)用有所提升,在情境中能夠有效地進(jìn)行交流。3.任務(wù)化以任務(wù)為導(dǎo)向的序列化學(xué)習(xí),可以為學(xué)生構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)路線圖、學(xué)習(xí)框架等具體任務(wù)引導(dǎo);或以跨媒介的認(rèn)識(shí)與應(yīng)用為任務(wù)的設(shè)置引導(dǎo);甚至以閱讀和交流作為序列化安排的實(shí)踐引導(dǎo)。4.整合性跨媒介閱讀與交流是結(jié)合線上線下的資源,形成新的“超媒介”,也能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行“深加工”,多種媒介的信息整合只為一個(gè)核心教學(xué)內(nèi)容服務(wù)。5.互文性語(yǔ)言文字是語(yǔ)文之生命,我們是立足于語(yǔ)言文字的探討,音樂(lè)、圖像、視頻等文本與傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)言文字文本形成互文,觸發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容立體化和具體化的感悟,提升學(xué)生的審美能力。
《函數(shù)的單調(diào)性與最大(?。┲祡》系人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)必修第一冊(cè)第三章第二節(jié)的內(nèi)容,本節(jié)包括函數(shù)的單調(diào)性的定義與判斷及其證明、函數(shù)最大(小)值的求法。在初中學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)時(shí),借助圖像的直觀性研究了一些函數(shù)的增減性,這節(jié)內(nèi)容是初中有關(guān)內(nèi)容的深化、延伸和提高函數(shù)的單調(diào)性是函數(shù)眾多性質(zhì)中的重要性質(zhì)之一,函數(shù)的單調(diào)性一節(jié)中的知識(shí)是前一節(jié)內(nèi)容函數(shù)的概念和圖像知識(shí)的延續(xù),它和后面的函數(shù)奇偶性,合稱為函數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)單性質(zhì),是今后研究指數(shù)函數(shù)、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)及其他函數(shù)單調(diào)性的理論基礎(chǔ);在解決函數(shù)值域、定義域、不等式、比較兩數(shù)大小等具體問(wèn)需用到函數(shù)的單調(diào)性;同時(shí)在這一節(jié)中利用函數(shù)圖象來(lái)研究函數(shù)性質(zhì)的救開(kāi)結(jié)合思想將貫穿于我們整個(gè)高中數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)。
本課是高中數(shù)學(xué)第一章第4節(jié),充要條件是中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)中最重要的數(shù)學(xué)概念之一, 它主要討論了命題的條件與結(jié)論之間的邏輯關(guān)系,目的是為今后的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)特別是數(shù)學(xué)推理的學(xué)習(xí)打下基礎(chǔ)。從學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的角度看,與舊教材相比,教學(xué)時(shí)間的前置,造成學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)充要條件這一概念時(shí)的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備不夠豐富,邏輯思維能力的訓(xùn)練不夠充分,這也為教師的教學(xué)帶來(lái)一定的困難.“充要條件”這一節(jié)介紹了充分條件,必要條件和充要條件三個(gè)概念,由于這些概念比較抽象,中學(xué)生不易理解,用它們?nèi)ソ鉀Q具體問(wèn)題則更為困難,因此”充要條件”的教學(xué)成為中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的難點(diǎn)之一,而必要條件的定義又是本節(jié)內(nèi)容的難點(diǎn).A.正確理解充分不必要條件、必要不充分條件、充要條件的概念;B.會(huì)判斷命題的充分條件、必要條件、充要條件.C.通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生明白對(duì)條件的判定應(yīng)該歸結(jié)為判斷命題的真假.D.在觀察和思考中,在解題和證明題中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思維能力的嚴(yán)密性品質(zhì).
《函數(shù)的單調(diào)性與最大(小)值》是高中數(shù)學(xué)新教材第一冊(cè)第三章第2節(jié)的內(nèi)容。在此之前,學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了函數(shù)的概念、定義域、值域及表示法,這為過(guò)渡到本節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)起著鋪墊作用。學(xué)生在初中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、反比例函數(shù)的圖象,在此基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)生對(duì)增減性有一個(gè)初步的感性認(rèn)識(shí),所以本節(jié)課是學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)思想的一次重要提高。函數(shù)單調(diào)性是函數(shù)概念的延續(xù)和拓展,又是后續(xù)研究指數(shù)函數(shù)、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)等內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ),對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究閉區(qū)間上的連續(xù)函數(shù)最大值和最小值的求法和實(shí)際應(yīng)用,對(duì)解決各種數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題有著廣泛作用。課程目標(biāo)1、理解增函數(shù)、減函數(shù) 的概念及函數(shù)單調(diào)性的定義;2、會(huì)根據(jù)單調(diào)定義證明函數(shù)單調(diào)性;3、理解函數(shù)的最大(小)值及其幾何意義;4、學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用函數(shù)圖象理解和研究函數(shù)的性質(zhì).數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
等式性質(zhì)與不等式性質(zhì)是高中數(shù)學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容之一,在高中數(shù)學(xué)中占有重要地位,它是刻畫(huà)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中量與量之間關(guān)系的有效數(shù)學(xué)模型,在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中有著廣泛的應(yīng),有著重要的實(shí)際意義.同時(shí)等式性質(zhì)與不等式性質(zhì)也為學(xué)生以后順利學(xué)習(xí)基本不等式起到重要的鋪墊.課程目標(biāo)1. 掌握等式性質(zhì)與不等式性質(zhì)以及推論,能夠運(yùn)用其解決簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題.2. 進(jìn)一步掌握作差、作商、綜合法等比較法比較實(shí)數(shù)的大?。?3. 通過(guò)教學(xué)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作交流的意識(shí)和大膽猜測(cè)、樂(lè)于探究的良好思維品質(zhì)。數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:不等式的基本性質(zhì);2.邏輯推理:不等式的證明;3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:比較多項(xiàng)式的大小及重要不等式的應(yīng)用;4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:多項(xiàng)式的取值范圍,許將單項(xiàng)式的范圍之一求出,然后相加或相乘.(將減法轉(zhuǎn)化為加法,將除法轉(zhuǎn)化為乘法);5.數(shù)學(xué)建模:運(yùn)用類比的思想有等式的基本性質(zhì)猜測(cè)不等式的基本性質(zhì)。
本節(jié)課選自《普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書(shū)數(shù)學(xué)必修1》5.6.2節(jié) 函數(shù)y=Asin(ωx+φ)的圖象通過(guò)圖象變換,揭示參數(shù)φ、ω、A變化時(shí)對(duì)函數(shù)圖象的形狀和位置的影響。通過(guò)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)函數(shù)y=sinx到y(tǒng)=Asin(ωx+φ)的圖象變換規(guī)律的探索,讓學(xué)生體會(huì)到由簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜、由特殊到一般的化歸思想;并通過(guò)對(duì)周期變換、相位變換先后順序調(diào)整后,將影響圖象變換這一難點(diǎn)的突破,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)抓住問(wèn)題的主要矛盾來(lái)解決問(wèn)題的基本思想方法;通過(guò)對(duì)參數(shù)φ、ω、A的分類討論,讓學(xué)生深刻認(rèn)識(shí)圖象變換與函數(shù)解析式變換的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。通過(guò)圖象變換和“五點(diǎn)”作圖法,正確找出函數(shù)y=sinx到y(tǒng)=Asin(ωx+φ)的圖象變換規(guī)律,這也是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)所在。提高學(xué)生的推理能力。讓學(xué)生感受數(shù)形結(jié)合及轉(zhuǎn)化的思想方法。發(fā)展學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。
(4)“不論m取何實(shí)數(shù),方程x2+2x-m=0都有實(shí)數(shù)根”是全稱量詞命題,其否定為“存在實(shí)數(shù)m0,使得方程x2+2x-m0=0沒(méi)有實(shí)數(shù)根”,它是真命題.解題技巧:(含有一個(gè)量詞的命題的否定方法)(1)一般地,寫(xiě)含有一個(gè)量詞的命題的否定,首先要明確這個(gè)命題是全稱量詞命題還是存在量詞命題,并找到其量詞的位置及相應(yīng)結(jié)論,然后把命題中的全稱量詞改成存在量詞,存在量詞改成全稱量詞,同時(shí)否定結(jié)論.(2)對(duì)于省略量詞的命題,應(yīng)先挖掘命題中隱含的量詞,改寫(xiě)成含量詞的完整形式,再依據(jù)規(guī)則來(lái)寫(xiě)出命題的否定.跟蹤訓(xùn)練三3.寫(xiě)出下列命題的否定,并判斷其真假:(1)p:?x∈R,x2-x+ ≥0;(2)q:所有的正方形都是矩形;(3)r:?x∈R,x2+3x+7≤0;(4)s:至少有一個(gè)實(shí)數(shù)x,使x3+1=0.【答案】見(jiàn)解析【解析】(1) p:?x∈R,x2-x+1/4<0.∵?x∈R,x2-x+1/4=(x"-" 1/2)^2≥0恒成立,∴ p是假命題.
【例3】本例中“p是q的充分不必要條件”改為“p是q的必要不充分條件”,其他條件不變,試求m的取值范圍.【答案】見(jiàn)解析【解析】由x2-8x-20≤0得-2≤x≤10,由x2-2x+1-m2≤0(m>0)得1-m≤x≤1+m(m>0)因?yàn)閜是q的必要不充分條件,所以q?p,且p?/q.則{x|1-m≤x≤1+m,m>0}?{x|-2≤x≤10}所以m>01-m≥-21+m≤10,解得0<m≤3.即m的取值范圍是(0,3].解題技巧:(利用充分、必要、充分必要條件的關(guān)系求參數(shù)范圍)(1)化簡(jiǎn)p、q兩命題,(2)根據(jù)p與q的關(guān)系(充分、必要、充要條件)轉(zhuǎn)化為集合間的關(guān)系,(3)利用集合間的關(guān)系建立不等關(guān)系,(4)求解參數(shù)范圍.跟蹤訓(xùn)練三3.已知P={x|a-4<x<a+4},Q={x|1<x<3},“x∈P”是“x∈Q”的必要條件,求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍.【答案】見(jiàn)解析【解析】因?yàn)椤皒∈P”是x∈Q的必要條件,所以Q?P.所以a-4≤1a+4≥3解得-1≤a≤5即a的取值范圍是[-1,5].五、課堂小結(jié)讓學(xué)生總結(jié)本節(jié)課所學(xué)主要知識(shí)及解題技巧
一.材料 小山洞、與幼兒人數(shù)相等的動(dòng)物玩具,小貓頭飾若干,貓媽媽的胸飾一只,音樂(lè)磁帶一盒。二.過(guò)程(一)以游戲的口吻和形式導(dǎo)入活動(dòng)1.教師:“小貓們,今天媽媽帶你們到那邊森林里去玩,我們一邊唱歌一邊走吧!”(伴隨《蝴蝶花》的音樂(lè),幼兒做律動(dòng)進(jìn)入場(chǎng)景)2.教師:“草地上真舒服,小貓們和媽媽一起坐下來(lái)休息一會(huì)兒,媽媽給你們講一個(gè)故事。”3.故事:從前,有一只可愛(ài)的小兔跟著媽媽一起到森林里去采蘑菇,它看到美麗的鮮花,漂亮的蝴碟可開(kāi)心了。它一會(huì)兒去聞聞鮮花,一會(huì)兒撲蝴蝶,結(jié)果找不著媽媽啦。天漸漸地黑了,小兔找不著媽媽多傷心呀,它大聲地喊:“媽媽,媽媽……”。
點(diǎn)撥:旅游地旅游資源的特色不同,可以安排的旅游活動(dòng)是不一樣的,直接影響對(duì)旅游者的吸引力。因此,出游前首先就需要收集旅游地旅游資源的類型、主要游覽景區(qū)、景點(diǎn)的特色等情況。旅游地的時(shí)空可達(dá)性直接關(guān)系到旅游者從出發(fā)地到旅游地,然后再返回出發(fā)地的費(fèi)用和時(shí)間。一般來(lái)說(shuō),居住地與旅游地之間的空間距離過(guò)大,會(huì)使旅行的時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)、旅行費(fèi)用過(guò)高,經(jīng)濟(jì)距離增加,相應(yīng)地降低了旅游者的出游能力。而居住地與旅游地相距遙遠(yuǎn),也意味著兩地之間巨大的環(huán)境差異,這會(huì)增加對(duì)游客的吸引力。旅游服務(wù)設(shè)施和條件,如旅游交通方式及工具、旅游住宿條件、旅游餐飲的種類和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、導(dǎo)游服務(wù)、旅行費(fèi)用等信息也都在一定程度上影響著游客的選擇。圖5.3西藏布達(dá)拉宮和圖5.4云南香格里拉兩幅圖片顯示了西藏布達(dá)拉宮、云南香格里拉與眾不同的優(yōu)美景觀,吸引了眾多的游客前來(lái)觀光旅游,成為近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)旅游的熱點(diǎn)。
師:同學(xué)們,在四年級(jí)的時(shí)候,我們已經(jīng)了解了圖形的密鋪,請(qǐng)你說(shuō)一說(shuō),什么是圖形的密鋪?(沒(méi)有重疊、沒(méi)有空隙地鋪在平面上,就是密鋪。)師:圖形的密鋪又可以叫做鑲嵌,以上四個(gè)圖片,都是由哪些基本圖形密鋪(鑲嵌)而成的呢?(請(qǐng)學(xué)生邊指邊說(shuō)。)師:還有哪些圖形也可以鑲嵌?(學(xué)生可能回答:三角形,平行四邊形,梯形,菱形,正六邊形,……)師:今天就請(qǐng)你發(fā)揮一下想象力,設(shè)計(jì)一些與眾不同的鑲嵌圖形。[設(shè)計(jì)意圖說(shuō)明:學(xué)生在四年級(jí)已經(jīng)初步了解了圖形的密鋪(鑲嵌)現(xiàn)象,四幅圖片是四年級(jí)下冊(cè)教材《三角形》單元中《密鋪》內(nèi)容中的原圖。本單元在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)游戲拓展鑲嵌圖形的范圍,讓學(xué)生用圖形變換設(shè)計(jì)鑲嵌圖案,進(jìn)一步感受圖形變換帶來(lái)的美感以及在生活中的應(yīng)用。]二、新授探究一:利用平移變換設(shè)計(jì)鑲嵌圖形
本節(jié)課選自《普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書(shū)數(shù)學(xué)必修1本(A版)》第五章的5.5.1 兩角和與差的正弦、余弦和正切公式。本節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容是由兩角差的余弦公式的推導(dǎo),運(yùn)用誘導(dǎo)公式、同角三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系和代數(shù)變形,得到其它的和差角公式。讓學(xué)生感受數(shù)形結(jié)合及轉(zhuǎn)化的思想方法。發(fā)展學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。課程目標(biāo) 學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.了解兩角差的余弦公式的推導(dǎo)過(guò)程.2.掌握由兩角差的余弦公式推導(dǎo)出兩角和的余弦公式及兩角和與差的正弦、正切公式.3.熟悉兩角和與差的正弦、余弦、正切公式的靈活運(yùn)用,了解公式的正用、逆用以及角的變換的常用方法.4.通過(guò)正切函數(shù)圖像與性質(zhì)的探究,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)形結(jié)合和類比的思想方法。 a.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:公式的推導(dǎo);b.邏輯推理:公式之間的聯(lián)系;c.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:運(yùn)用和差角角公式求值;d.直觀想象:兩角差的余弦公式的推導(dǎo);e.數(shù)學(xué)建模:公式的靈活運(yùn)用;
本節(jié)內(nèi)容是三角恒等變形的基礎(chǔ),是正弦線、余弦線和誘導(dǎo)公式等知識(shí)的延伸,同時(shí),它又是兩角和、差、倍、半角等公式的“源頭”。兩角和與差的正弦、余弦、正切是本章的重要內(nèi)容,對(duì)于三角變換、三角恒等式的證明和三角函數(shù)式的化簡(jiǎn)、求值等三角問(wèn)題的解決有著重要的支撐作用。 課程目標(biāo)1、能夠推導(dǎo)出兩角和與差的正弦、余弦、正切公式并能應(yīng)用; 2、掌握二倍角公式及變形公式,能靈活運(yùn)用二倍角公式解決有關(guān)的化簡(jiǎn)、求值、證明問(wèn)題.?dāng)?shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:兩角和與差的正弦、余弦和正切公式; 2.邏輯推理: 運(yùn)用公式解決基本三角函數(shù)式的化簡(jiǎn)、證明等問(wèn)題;3.數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算:運(yùn)用公式解決基本三角函數(shù)式求值問(wèn)題.4.數(shù)學(xué)建模:學(xué)生體會(huì)到一般與特殊,換元等數(shù)學(xué)思想在三角恒等變換中的作用。.