Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)總結(jié)林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質(zhì)特征;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問題,進(jìn)而對(duì)道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)快速而準(zhǔn)確地找到主題句;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理清論說文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和文本邏輯,了解節(jié)日風(fēng)俗發(fā)展與變遷,感悟節(jié)日的內(nèi)涵與意義。
The joke set her crying.這個(gè)玩笑使她哭起來。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語語和狀語語的功能和意義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否正確使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式描述人物的行為、動(dòng)作及其經(jīng)歷;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過人物言行的對(duì)比分析道德故事的深層內(nèi)涵;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)故事的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果來深入理解故事的情節(jié),從而了解文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu);4、結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)生活案例發(fā)表自己的見解和看法,寫一篇觀點(diǎn)明確、層次分明的故事評(píng)論。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價(jià)格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動(dòng)詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復(fù)句子中省略的成分,體會(huì)使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨(dú)立完成練習(xí)冊(cè)和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點(diǎn)了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會(huì)多元文化對(duì)美國的影響。
該板塊的活動(dòng)主題是“介紹一個(gè)有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗(yàn)中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
一般情況下,凡是支持物對(duì)物體的支持力,都是支持物因發(fā)生形變而對(duì)物體產(chǎn)生彈力。所以支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。例1:放在水平桌面上的書書由于重力的作用而壓迫桌面,使書和桌面同時(shí)發(fā)生微小形變,要恢復(fù)原狀,對(duì)桌面產(chǎn)生垂直于桌面向下的彈力f1,這就是書對(duì)桌面的壓力;桌面由于發(fā)生微小的形變,對(duì)書產(chǎn)生垂直于書面向上的彈力f2,這就是桌面對(duì)書的支持力。學(xué)生分析:靜止地放在傾斜木板上的書,書對(duì)木板的壓力和木板對(duì)書的支持力。并畫出力的示意圖。結(jié)論:壓力、支持力都是彈力。壓力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被壓的物體,支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析靜止時(shí),懸繩對(duì)重物的拉力及方向。引導(dǎo)得出:懸掛物由于重力的作用而拉緊懸繩,使重物、懸繩同時(shí)發(fā)生微小的形變。重物由于發(fā)生微小的形變,對(duì)懸繩產(chǎn)生豎直向下的彈力f1,這是物對(duì)繩的拉力;懸繩由于發(fā)生微小形變,對(duì)物產(chǎn)生豎直向上的彈力f2,這就是繩對(duì)物體的拉力。
l.知識(shí)與技能:(1)知道摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件。(2)能在簡(jiǎn)單問題中,根據(jù)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),判斷靜摩擦力的有無、大小和方向;知道存在著最大靜摩擦力。(3)掌握動(dòng)磨擦因數(shù),會(huì)在具體問題中計(jì)算滑動(dòng)磨擦力,掌握判定摩擦力方向的方法。(4)知道影響到摩擦因數(shù)的因素。2.過程與方法:通過觀察演示實(shí)驗(yàn),概括出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件及摩擦力的特點(diǎn),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察、概括能力。通過靜摩擦力與滑動(dòng)摩擦力的區(qū)別對(duì)比,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析綜合能力。3.情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀:在分析物體所受摩擦力時(shí),突出主要矛盾,忽略次要因素及無關(guān)因素,總結(jié)出摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件和規(guī)律。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)分析1.本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容分滑動(dòng)摩擦力和靜摩擦力兩部分。重點(diǎn)是摩擦力產(chǎn)生的條件、特性和規(guī)律,通過演示實(shí)驗(yàn)得出關(guān)系f=μN(yùn)。2.難點(diǎn)是學(xué)生有初中的知識(shí),往往誤認(rèn)為壓力N的大小總是跟滑動(dòng)物體所受的重力相等,因此必須指出只有當(dāng)兩物體的接觸面垂直,物體在水平拉力作用下,沿水平面滑動(dòng)時(shí),壓力N的大小才跟物體所受的重力相等。
(五)平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律的應(yīng)用例1:一架老式飛機(jī)在高出海面45m的高處,以80m/s的速度水平飛行,為了使飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈落在停在海面上的敵船,應(yīng)該在與轟炸目標(biāo)的水平距離為多遠(yuǎn)的地方投彈?不計(jì)空氣阻力。分析:對(duì)于這道題我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來考慮:(1)從水平飛行的飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈,做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?為什么?(2)炸彈的這種運(yùn)動(dòng)可分解為哪兩個(gè)什么樣的分運(yùn)動(dòng)?3)要想使炸彈投到指定的目標(biāo)處,你認(rèn)為炸彈落地前在水平方向通過的距離與投彈時(shí)飛機(jī)離目標(biāo)的水平距離之間有什么關(guān)系?拓展:1、式飛機(jī)在高出海面45m的高處,以80m/s的速度水平飛行,尾追一艘以15m/s逃逸的敵船,為了使飛機(jī)上投下的炸彈正好擊中敵船,應(yīng)該在與轟炸目標(biāo)的水平距離為多遠(yuǎn)的地方投彈?不計(jì)空氣阻力。2、在一次摩托車跨越壕溝的表演中,摩托車從壕溝的一側(cè)以速度v=40m/s沿水平方向向另一側(cè),壕溝兩側(cè)的高度及寬度如圖所示,摩托車可看做質(zhì)點(diǎn),不計(jì)空氣阻力。(1)判斷摩托車能否跨越壕溝?請(qǐng)計(jì)算說明(2)若能跨過,求落地速度?
3.進(jìn)一步體會(huì)力是產(chǎn)生加速度的原因,并通過牛頓第二定律來理解勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)、變速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)及一般曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的各自特點(diǎn)。(三)、情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生動(dòng)手、探究的習(xí)慣。2.體會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義,感受成功的快樂,激發(fā)學(xué)生探究問題的熱情、樂于學(xué)習(xí)的品質(zhì)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1.體會(huì)牛頓第二定律在向心力上的應(yīng)用。2.明確向心力的意義、作用、公式及其變形,并經(jīng)行計(jì)算。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)1.對(duì)向心力的理解及來源的尋找。2.運(yùn)用向心力、向心加速度的知識(shí)解決圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)問題。教學(xué)過程(一)、 引入新課:復(fù)習(xí)提問:勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體的加速度——向心加速度,它的方向和大小有何特點(diǎn)呢?學(xué)生回答后進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo):那做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)物體的受力有什么特點(diǎn)呢?是什么力使物體做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)而不沿直線飛出?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們先閱讀教材
1.用CAI課件模擬汽車的啟動(dòng)過程。師生共同討論:①如果作用在物體上的力為恒力,且物體以勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),則力對(duì)物體做功的功率保持不變。此情況下,任意一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的平均功率與任一瞬時(shí)的瞬時(shí)功率都是相同的。②很多動(dòng)力機(jī)器通常有一個(gè)額定功率,且通常使其在額定功率狀態(tài)工作(如汽車),根據(jù)P=FV可知:當(dāng)路面阻力較小時(shí),牽引力也小,速度大,即汽車可以跑得快些;當(dāng)路面阻力較大,或爬坡時(shí),需要比較大的牽引力,速度必須小。這就是爬坡時(shí)汽車換低速擋的道理。③如果動(dòng)力機(jī)器在實(shí)際功率小于額定功率的條件下工作,例如汽車剛剛起動(dòng)后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi),速度逐漸增大過程中,牽引力仍可增大,即F和v可以同時(shí)增大,但是這一情況應(yīng)以二者乘積等于額定功率為限度,即當(dāng)實(shí)際功率大于額定功率以后,這種情況不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
一、說教材《說“木葉”》這篇文學(xué)論文位于統(tǒng)編版高中語文必修下冊(cè)第三單元。本單元對(duì)應(yīng)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)群是“實(shí)用性閱讀與交流”,人文主題是“探索與創(chuàng)新”,語文素養(yǎng)是“學(xué)習(xí)閱讀知識(shí)性讀物,理清文章思路,學(xué)習(xí)闡釋說明、邏輯推理的方法,體會(huì)語言的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)準(zhǔn)確,發(fā)展科學(xué)思維”。《說“木葉”》提出了中國古典詩歌為何用“‘木葉’而不用‘樹葉’、又由‘木葉’發(fā)展為‘落木’的疑問”,繼而分析了“木”字的兩個(gè)藝術(shù)特征,解決了上述疑問,闡發(fā)了中國古典詩歌語言的暗示性。二、說學(xué)情高一年級(jí)下學(xué)期的學(xué)生已經(jīng)接觸過不少實(shí)用性論說類文本,例如統(tǒng)編版九年級(jí)上冊(cè)《論教養(yǎng)》《談創(chuàng)造性思維》等文章。本學(xué)段的學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了“論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證”的相關(guān)知識(shí),并且發(fā)展了一定的邏輯思維能力,這為《說“木葉”》的講授提供了學(xué)習(xí)支架。但《說“木葉”》這篇文學(xué)論文,篇幅長達(dá)三千字,使用了專業(yè)術(shù)語,運(yùn)用大量詩詞舉例,這些是給學(xué)生閱讀造成困難的原因。
方法點(diǎn)撥教師:有的同學(xué)敘述事實(shí)論據(jù)時(shí),不突出重點(diǎn)和精華,不注意取舍,水分太多,有許多的敘述描寫,有時(shí)還有詳細(xì)的故事情節(jié),文章幾乎成了記敘文,使文章的論點(diǎn)無法得到充分的證明,這是寫議論文的大忌。那么:議論文中的記敘有哪些特點(diǎn)?同學(xué)各抒己見。投影顯示:1.議論中的記敘不是單純的寫人記事,記敘文字是為議論服務(wù)的,其目的是為作者所闡明的道理提供事實(shí)依據(jù)。所以,在記敘時(shí)要求簡(jiǎn)潔、概括,舍棄其中的細(xì)節(jié),僅僅交代清楚事件或者人物的概貌即可,一般不在各種描寫手段上下功夫,只要把能證明觀點(diǎn)的那個(gè)部分、側(cè)面交代清楚就行了。2.議論文中的記敘性文字不得超過總字?jǐn)?shù)的1/3,否則視為文體不當(dāng)。能力提升一、教師:了解了議論文中的記敘的特點(diǎn),接下來我們看看今天的話題:“愛的奉獻(xiàn)”,你想從哪個(gè)角度立論?有哪些素材?
由于這部分知識(shí)已要求學(xué)生在課前收集相關(guān)資料探討分析,,現(xiàn)在提供機(jī)會(huì)讓他們進(jìn)行交流,充分發(fā)表各自的見解。所以,學(xué)生對(duì)這個(gè)知識(shí)掌握起來并不難。所以,我對(duì)這部分內(nèi)容不做太多的講解,只要做進(jìn)一步的梳理,加深學(xué)生的理解即可。 第三是小結(jié)環(huán)節(jié) 在學(xué)生對(duì)西氣東輸工程的原因掌握之后進(jìn)入的是小結(jié)環(huán)節(jié),這里我進(jìn)一步提出問題:在西氣東輸工程段的建設(shè)中有沒有什么難關(guān)? 通過西氣東輸?shù)碾y度了解,間接的表現(xiàn)我國的科技的發(fā)展,增加學(xué)生的愛國情,同時(shí)也說明西氣東輸?shù)慕ǔ梢灿屑夹g(shù)這一原因。從而也完成了本課時(shí)的小結(jié)。 第四環(huán)節(jié)是作業(yè)布置 在這里要求學(xué)生課后預(yù)習(xí)本課剩下的內(nèi)容:思考西氣東輸對(duì)區(qū)域發(fā)展的影響以及為何要實(shí)施資源的跨區(qū)域調(diào)配。通過這樣的問題一方面為下節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)奠定基礎(chǔ),另一方面體現(xiàn)本課學(xué)習(xí)從“個(gè)”到“類”從特殊到一般的過程。
(一)說教材 《虞美人》選自高中語文統(tǒng)編版必修上冊(cè)·古詩詞誦讀?!队菝廊恕肥窃~中的代表作品,是李煜生命中最為重要的一首詞作,極具藝術(shù)魅力,對(duì)于陶冶學(xué)生的情操,豐富和積淀學(xué)生的人文素養(yǎng)意義非凡。(二)說學(xué)情總體來說,所教班級(jí)的學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)不強(qiáng),學(xué)習(xí)意識(shí)略有偏差,在學(xué)習(xí)過程中需要教師深入淺出,不斷創(chuàng)造動(dòng)口、動(dòng)手、動(dòng)腦的機(jī)會(huì),他們才能更好地達(dá)成教學(xué)目標(biāo)。(三)說教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容和學(xué)情分析,確定如下教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)探究這首詞的內(nèi)涵,了解李煜及其創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。(2)通過對(duì)本詞的品析,提高詞的鑒賞能力。(3)通過對(duì)比閱讀,體會(huì)李煜詞 “赤子之心” 、“以血書者”的特色,體味其深沉的亡國之恨和故國之思。
這幾段內(nèi)容傳達(dá)出的是“要敬畏生命,尊重生命;更要敬畏大自然,尊重大自然,愛護(hù)大自然”的主旨內(nèi)涵,因此讓學(xué)生通過自由朗讀的方式,再次體會(huì)馮至對(duì)這個(gè)消逝了的山村的細(xì)致的美好的描繪,感悟馮至傳達(dá)出的對(duì)生命,對(duì)自然的理解和思考。5.最后一個(gè)自然段的解讀依然是交給學(xué)生,先齊讀課文,再讓學(xué)生自主分享自己的體會(huì)或疑惑。但在這一環(huán)節(jié)我也設(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)我認(rèn)為必須解答的兩個(gè)問題,一是怎么理解“在風(fēng)雨如晦的時(shí)刻”;二是“意味不盡的關(guān)聯(lián)”是指什么。我認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)問題一個(gè)涉及到寫作背景,一個(gè)涉及到對(duì)全文主旨的一個(gè)整體把握,能夠進(jìn)一步幫助學(xué)生理解散文的深刻內(nèi)涵和主旨,讓學(xué)生有意識(shí)的在閱讀散文過程中通過背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行理解。既尊重學(xué)生的個(gè)性化解讀,又能夠讓學(xué)生有意義學(xué)習(xí),完成預(yù)設(shè)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。如果學(xué)生沒有提到這兩處,那我就需要做出補(bǔ)充。
經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)人口遷移是主要的,經(jīng)常起作用的因素,是人口遷移的基本動(dòng)因。通常情況下,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的差異決定著人們遷移的方向,人們遷移是為了追求更好的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和更高的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平高的地區(qū)往往成為人口遷入地,人口的遷移量取決于遷入地對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求狀況和遷出地人口相對(duì)過剩的狀況。師:20世紀(jì)80年代深圳、珠海等地設(shè)立了經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)’吸I了大量的人口遷入。這又說明了什么問題? (生回答,師總結(jié))從宏觀上看,經(jīng)濟(jì)布局也會(huì)造成大量的人口遷移。說明經(jīng)濟(jì)越發(fā)達(dá),對(duì)人口的吸引力(即拉力)越大。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、規(guī)模和速度決定著人口遷移的流向、流量和流速。師:交通和通訊又如何影響著人口的遷移呢?生:交通和通訊的發(fā)展,縮小了地區(qū)之間的距離,促進(jìn)了人口遷移。
過渡:下面我們從時(shí)間角度分析世界人口數(shù)量變化的趨勢(shì)是怎樣的呢?為什么會(huì)這樣呢?板書:1、人口自然增長的時(shí)間變化(引導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀課本圖1.2和圖1.3,讓學(xué)生分析)教師首先讓學(xué)生說出閱讀地理曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的一般步驟和方法,然后總結(jié)歸納:1、 讀圖名。2、 讀各個(gè)坐標(biāo)分別表示什么變量(兩圖橫坐標(biāo)均表示時(shí)間,縱坐標(biāo)均為相應(yīng)時(shí)期人口數(shù))。3、 判讀圖形變化特征(兩圖中曲線曲率的變化反映對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)段內(nèi)人口自然增長率的大?。?。4、 思考變量之間的因果關(guān)系(兩圖均反映不同歷史時(shí)期世界人口數(shù)量增長的不同特點(diǎn))。問:世界人口數(shù)量變化的總趨勢(shì)是什么?(讓學(xué)生結(jié)合課本P2讀圖思考題,分析回答同時(shí)讓學(xué)生閱讀課本圖1.3,在圖1.2中找出圖1.3所在的時(shí)段,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生自學(xué)P3第一段,讓學(xué)生分析近100年全球人口快速增長的原因。最后師生共同歸納總結(jié),填寫下表。)
生1:公平性原則——同代人之間要公平,代際之間、人類與其他生物種群之間、不同國家與地區(qū)之間也要公平。生2:持續(xù)性原則——地球的承載力是有限的,人類的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)和社會(huì)發(fā)展必須保持在資源和環(huán)境的承載力之內(nèi)。生3:共同性原則——發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和保護(hù)環(huán)境是全世界各國共同的任務(wù),需要各國的共同參與。同時(shí),地球作為一個(gè)整體,地區(qū)性問題往往會(huì)變?yōu)槿蛐詥栴},所以地區(qū)的決策和行動(dòng),應(yīng)有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)全球整體的協(xié)調(diào)。活動(dòng)與探究:2·閱讀下面一篇新聞報(bào)道,你認(rèn)為“給蛇讓道”有沒有必要?答:有必要·人類在森林區(qū)內(nèi)修筑公路,已經(jīng)侵占和破壞了蛇的生存環(huán)境,如果再不對(duì)蛇的遷移進(jìn)行保護(hù),蛇數(shù)量的減少以至滅絕將不可避免。這種做法體現(xiàn)了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的公平性原則和共同性原則。3·用可持續(xù)發(fā)展的觀念作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)下列觀點(diǎn)作出評(píng)價(jià)。(1)人類有義務(wù)保護(hù)地球上所有的物種,人類的發(fā)展不應(yīng)該危及其他物種的生存。答:正確。符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的公平性原則。