3、拓展延伸,啟迪心智,創(chuàng)設課堂訓練營。三、說學法1、紙上得來終覺淺,圈點、勾畫、批注法,學好文言基本功。2、自主合作加探究,眼耳口腦手并用,破疑解難在其中。四、說課時安排《鴻門宴》篇幅較長,文言知識較豐富,文章內(nèi)涵豐厚,因此我設計用五課時教學本文。第一課時:了解作家作品,積累文言知識,感受作者隱忍發(fā)憤的著書精神(初讀)第二課時:理清故事情節(jié),概括人物形象,學習客觀地評論歷史人物,(熟讀)第三課時:進一步梳理文言知識,精讀課文,要求讀透。(精讀)第四課時:通過對人物、事件的賞析,加深學生對人物的理解,鍛煉學生的開放性思維,由學生自主認識到人物的性格,悲劇的原因等問題。(賞讀)第五課時:補充課本教學內(nèi)容:同學生一起閱讀古今關(guān)于劉邦項羽的一些篇章:讓學生投入進來,把握自己眼中的項羽。(展讀)在文言文學習的過程中,采取五步學習法:初讀-熟讀-精讀-賞讀-展讀(板書)
[教學反思]人教版高中語文必修二第三單元安排了《蘭亭集序》《赤壁賦》《游褒禪山記》三篇古代山水游記散文,它們借游賞之事,探索生命的意義、治學的道理。師者,所以傳道、授業(yè)、解惑也。高中的教材選用的都是歷史經(jīng)典名篇,每一篇都閃爍著儒道釋等百家光輝的思想。編者要老師傳道的意圖很明顯。即非如此,看著這些影響歷代、影響世界的如日月之耀眼光華的偉大思想就躺在我們的教科書里,又如何能不講呢?所以,我將本課的教學重難點擬定為:幫助學生建立積極的生死觀,掌握多角度看問題的正確的思想方法。當然,也讓學生領(lǐng)會了融寫景、抒情、說理于一爐的大家手法。整堂課各教學環(huán)節(jié),環(huán)環(huán)相扣,過渡自然,讀、思、議、寫訓練到位,而且全部圍繞“生死觀”展開,如一篇形散神不散的散文。
學法指導:高一學生對文言文閱讀已具備了一些基礎(chǔ)知識和積累,但對如何學習文言文,還是一個新課題,因此教師應引導學生掌握學習方法,運用已有的知識框架同化新信息,建立新的智能,逐步走向獨立學習的境界。一、引導學生利用課文注釋,使用工具書自己翻譯,必要時教師進行點撥、解難,培養(yǎng)自學能力。二、告訴學生翻譯文言文要遵循的原則。三、調(diào)動學生思考、討論、交流的積極性,教師適時點撥,培養(yǎng)學生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題的能力。四、提示學生反復誦讀課文,體會文章所闡述的道理。五、鼓勵學生及時歸納學習文言文的方法,注意積累文言文知識。教學程序:教學本課可安排2課時。第一課時:1、導入新課:首先給學生介紹毛澤東的七絕詩《為李進同志題所攝廬山仙人洞照》:“暮色蒼茫看勁松,亂云飛渡仍從容。天生一個仙人洞,無限風光在險峰。”學生通過誦讀領(lǐng)會了“無限風光在險峰”一句的含義。隨后因勢利導,引出課題,指出今天我們要學習的王安石的《游褒禪山記》,就含有類似的深邃哲理。
【教學目標】我設置的本課的教學目標有三個:1、知識與技能(1)了解曹雪芹及《紅樓夢》(2)學習通過一個人物的行蹤、所見所聞,介紹典型環(huán)境,認識封建貴族階級豪奢極恥的生活以及森嚴的等級、禮儀制度(3)分析小說人物出場的描寫藝術(shù),培養(yǎng)學生分析小說人物形象的能力。(4)一葉落而知秋”,通過對“林黛玉進賈府”這一故事情節(jié)的把握是否能引發(fā)對《紅樓夢》的認知興趣,并找到一個突破口,有針對性地進行自主探究,進而進行個性化解讀。(5)整體認知小說,認識小說悲劇的必然性和思想價值.2、過程與方法(1)用直觀演示和歸納探究法分析文章要點。(2)用討論探究法體驗作者對文中人物的情感態(tài)度。3、情感態(tài)度價值觀(1)正確理解《紅樓夢》的思想內(nèi)涵,培養(yǎng)學生熱愛祖國傳統(tǒng)文化的思想感情。(2)認識封建大家族的腐朽沒落,理解賈寶玉追求個性自由反封建的精神。
生2:頷聯(lián)的意思是只聽到禁衛(wèi)軍中傳來夜間巡邏的梆子聲,不再向?qū)m中那樣安逸地聽到有雞人打鳴報時的聲音了。生3:頸聯(lián)的意思是說事變發(fā)生那天軍隊發(fā)生嘩變停留不前,但當年唐玄宗以為自己可以和貴妃天天在一起,對天上的牽牛和織女一年一度的會見還加以嘲笑呢。生4:尾聯(lián)的含義是為什么唐玄宗當了四十五年的皇帝,還不如普通百姓夫妻恩愛,長相廝守。師:好的。請大家再齊讀一遍詩文,做到人人都能疏通詩的含義。學生再次齊讀。第三環(huán)節(jié):專項探究師:白居易曾說:“文章合為時而著,歌詩合為事而作。”這首詩就是作者途經(jīng)馬嵬驛,詠馬嵬之變這一歷史事件而作,所以我們鑒賞的第三步,就是通過標題和詩文,弄清詩中的歷史事件。請同學們找出詩中哪些詩句描述了這一事件?
我以以《登高》為例,引導學生進行意象分析,感悟意境美。古人云“立象以盡意”“古詩之妙,專求意象”意象是詩人情感的載體,是詩歌的靈魂。引導學生張開聯(lián)想和想象的翅膀去感受,去體驗是意象,詩歌鑒賞的關(guān)鍵??屏治榈抡f“真正藝術(shù)的作品,不是看見的,也不是聽到的,而是想象中的某種東西?!痹娙送ㄟ^想象創(chuàng)造出詩的形象,我們讀者通過想象豐富地再現(xiàn)詩人創(chuàng)造的形象。而感受體驗則是以全部身心投入作品,心靈與心靈相溝通,感情與感情相交流,對詩人的想象活動進行再經(jīng)歷和再體驗。因此,在引導意象解讀中,我先讓學生點擊這一個,就是通過抓修飾詞、依據(jù)感情基調(diào)、展開想象具體分析本詩中每個意象的情感意蘊和審美意蘊,使學生明白意象在每首詩中的獨特性。
說教材A.教材簡析《琵琶行(并序)》是人教版《普通高中課程標準實驗教科書語文》必修3第二單元的一篇講讀課文。本單元學習的是唐代詩歌,共七首詩。《琵琶行(并序)》是唐代著名現(xiàn)實主義詩人白居易寫的一首歌行體長篇敘事詩,是我國古代敘事詩和音樂詩中的“千古絕喝”。詩歌主題鮮明、人物形象生動,抒情真切細膩,具有深刻的思想內(nèi)容和卓越的藝術(shù)技巧。B.教學目標《全日制普通高中高級中學語文教學大綱》明確要求我們:在閱讀教學過程中要引導學生“感受文學形象,品味文學作品的語言和藝術(shù)技巧,初步鑒賞文學作品”。而本單元的教學要求是培養(yǎng)學生詩歌鑒賞的能力。根據(jù)教學大綱和單元教學要求,結(jié)合本課特點,我制定本課的教學目標是:1.知識目標:了解文學常識;積累重點文言實詞;品味主旨句“同是天涯淪落人,相逢何必曾相識”的內(nèi)涵;感知作者把音樂描寫與聽者、演奏者的感情融為一體的寫作特點。
(1)“問君西游何時還……使人聽此凋朱顏?!痹婎}下未注明送何人入蜀,所以這里的“問君”無妨假定實有其人,可以讀得親切一些。將行而問“何時還”,已有不可行之意,重音要落在“不可攀”三字上,當用勸說的語氣讀。以下四句借鳥聲渲染旅途中悲涼凄清的氛圍,讀時要放低聲調(diào),有干里孤身之感,至“愁空山”徐徐而上。然后用感喟的語調(diào)讀主旨句,至“凋朱顏”略作一頓,以示意猶未盡。(2)“連峰去天不盈尺……胡為乎來哉!”仍是說不可行,但內(nèi)容加深了一層,因為說的是蜀道的險惡。前四句不是純客觀的描寫,讀時須設想這是旅游者攀援于“連峰”“絕壁”之上置身于“飛湍瀑流”之間,要使聽者感到驚心動魄。讀后可作稍長停頓,再用“其險也如此”緩緩收住。末句是詩人借用蜀人的口氣,對歷險而來的游者深表嘆息——“胡為乎來哉”不是詢問,當用降調(diào)讀,暗含“何苦而來”之意。
一. 教材分析1. 本單元的中心話題是“計算機(Computers)”,內(nèi)容涉及計算機的發(fā)展歷史,計算機的應用等。本節(jié)課是該單元的第一課時,我將Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending這四部分整合為一節(jié)精讀課。其中。Reading部分是題為WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人稱的擬人手法介紹了計算機發(fā)長演變的歷史和計算機在各個領(lǐng)域的應用,其主旨是表達計算機的發(fā)展變化之快以及在生活中用途之廣。而Warming up部分以圖片的形式展現(xiàn)了計算機的發(fā)展歷程;Pre-reading中的問題和排序分別是為了預測語篇的內(nèi)容和測試學生對計算機歷史了解的情況;Comprehending則通過各項練習訓練學生的閱讀技能,從而加深對文章的理解。可見這幾部分是一個有機的整體。2. 教學目標:1) 語言目標:重點詞匯及短語:abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重點句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 3 Unit 5 Canada —— “The true North”.I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts. Analysis of the teaching material,the teaching methods,the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material:This unit is about the introduction of Canada. By studying of this unit,we’ll enable the students to learn the geography, population, main cities, and natural beauty, natural resources of Canada. Through the training of the unit, it also requires students to learn some Language skills such as the expressions of position and emotions.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this book.After studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:1.Knowledge objects:(1) make the students learn some new words and phrases(2) make the students understand the content of the lesson.2.Ability objects:(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially reading and speaking ability.(2) learn to talk about the characters of Canada in English(3)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.3.Emotion objects:(1)Enable students to understand the characters of Canada..(2)Stimulate Ss to work hard to make China stronger.Part 2 Teaching Methods:I think helping students learn to master new words and phrases and improve the students’ reading and speaking ability is import and the difficult.According to the analysis of the teaching material and the import points and the difficult points,I will use the following teaching methods : question-guiding approach; fast-reading and careful reading; multi-media teaching methods; discussion
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
(2).教學手段為了使我根據(jù)教材而設計的三個教學目標以及重點難點得以的突出和突破,達到最大化的展示境界,同時也為了配合以上我選擇的四種教法得以完滿實現(xiàn),我決定采用“多媒體”教學手段進行全程教學。利用電腦的信息容量大,操作簡便等優(yōu)點,形象生動的直觀展示教學內(nèi)容,不但提高學習效率和質(zhì)量,而且容易激發(fā)學生的學習興趣和調(diào)動學習的積極性。四、說學法我為學生設計了三個學習方法:1.讓學生學會在探究中學。通過“對黑人嚴酷處境的探究”和對文中重點語句的探究,培養(yǎng)學生在探究中學習的能力。2.讓學生學會在讀中學。通過“誦讀法”指導學生在誦讀過程中感受演講詞內(nèi)在的魅力,學會在讀中學。3.讓學生學會在練習中學。通過“課外延伸練習法”,對所學的知識進行運用,培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新和自學能力。
根據(jù)課標要求,參照教科書,支撐這一問題解決的知識有:⑴文化生活的特點;⑵文化生活的兩面性;⑶發(fā)展文化生活的基本要求。其中重點問題是辨別文化生活的“喜”與“憂”。只有辨別清楚,才能趨利避害,才能積極主動的參與健康向上的文化生活。從而為怎樣發(fā)展為人民大眾所喜聞樂見的文化打下基礎(chǔ)。由于高二學生尚未學習哲學知識,所以它也是本節(jié)的一個難點,同時,由于學術(shù)界對什么是大眾文化,大眾文化有那些基本特征,存在著分歧,所以正確把握大眾文化的含義也成為本節(jié)課的一個難點。三、學情分析:應該說高二學生已經(jīng)參與了不少的文化生活。但由于其正處在三觀形成的關(guān)鍵時期,對文化生活的參與還比較盲目,缺少理性思考,以至付出沉重的代價。很顯然通過本框的學習,學生會更加理性的參與文化生活,從而健康茁壯的發(fā)展、成長。四、教學目標:基于以上分析,我將本框題的教學目標確定為以下三個方面:(1)知識目標:了解目前我國文化生活的現(xiàn)狀,知道人們的文化生活是色彩斑斕的,但也存在令人憂慮的現(xiàn)象;把握大眾文化的豐富內(nèi)涵;明確發(fā)展為人民大眾所喜聞樂見的文化必須堅持的原則、方針等。
基于以上分析,為使本堂課圍繞重點、突破難點,同時讓學生在課堂教學中能力得到提高,我設計如下教學過程。(一)創(chuàng)設情景認識形變由同學們已有的形變知識入手,引入新課。教師演示:①彈簧的壓縮形變;②彈簧的拉伸形變③視頻播放:竹竿形變、鋼絲的扭轉(zhuǎn)形變。得出形變的概念及各類形變。[設計意圖:我從生活情景中引入新課,是為了激發(fā)學生的好奇心,為學生學習重點和難點內(nèi)容作鋪墊。]設問:摩天大樓在風的吹拂下會不會擺動,發(fā)生形變嗎?演示微小形變放大實驗:由于這種形變不容易觀察,會使學生產(chǎn)生疑問:到底有沒有發(fā)生形變?解決的辦法是微小形變的演示實驗。為什么光點會往下移?讓學生帶著問題思考后得出結(jié)論:是由于桌面發(fā)生了形變,但是形變不明顯。為后面解決壓力和支持力都是彈力做好鋪墊。[設計意圖:使學生知道“放大”是一種科學探究的方法。]
通過這個示例呢,我們可以得到解決向心力問題的一般的步驟,確定對象,找出軌跡,找出圓心,然后進行受力分析,讓同學們參考這樣的步驟,逐步的解決圓周運動的問題,對于變速圓周運動,我通過鏈球運動進行引入,這里是一個鏈球運動的視頻,在同學們觀看視頻之前,我給同學們提出問題,鏈球收到繩子的拉力,做的是勻速圓周運動嗎? 然后再課堂上我們再做一個小實驗, 我們可以通過改變拉線的方式來調(diào)節(jié)小球的速度大小嗎? 那么對小球,做加速圓周運動,進行受力分析,我們可以看到,小球做加速運動時,他所受到的力,并不是嚴格通過軌跡的圓心,在進行分析的時候,特別強調(diào),小桶所受力的切線方向分力,和法線方向分力,切線方向分力,改變小球運動速度大小,法線方向分力,改變了小球運動的方向,法線方向的分力,在這里就是向心力,產(chǎn)生了向心加速度,通過這樣一個例子進行分析,同學們是比較容易理解的,
【課外延伸】閱讀思考:1、改革開放以來,東西方文明的交流、碰撞更加劇烈。對于外來文化,目前有不同的觀點,現(xiàn)引入兩種觀點:觀點1:這是一種進步。改革開放以來,中國不斷發(fā)展,這時候舊的文化顯然是不合時宜的,西方文化的進入,給我們帶來了新的生活方式和生活態(tài)度,中國逐漸改掉了一些陋習,與世界接軌。觀點2:這是一種文化侵略。西方文化的進入,使中國傳統(tǒng)文化一步步淪喪,特別是我們過著西方圣誕節(jié)時,中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)已被韓國申報為非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。這告訴我們,我們應該保護我們的傳統(tǒng)文化。面對東西方文化的交匯、碰撞,你認為該怎樣正確看待外來文化和傳統(tǒng)文化?請寫篇小論文闡述你的觀點。2、設計以下表格:利用搜集的資料按照“衣、食、住、行、風俗”五部分進行比較,再將現(xiàn)代社會物質(zhì)生活和習俗細分為“辛亥革命前和辛亥革命后”兩部分內(nèi)容進行比較。